Browsing by Author "Singh, S.K."
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ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of bread wheat genotypes with potential breeding traits for reproductive and terminal heat stress tolerance (Triticum aestivum L.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) Patel, Utkarsh; Singh, S.K.A research was performed out at the wheat development section, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during rabi 2021-22, to assess the bread wheat lines for terminal thermal stress under delayed sowing conditions. Variability, genetic progress, correlation, path analysis, molecular characterisation and diversity analysis were all investigated. 25 genotypes were cultivated in non-stressed and stressed conditions. Three replications of the lines were set up in each environment using Randomized Block Design. Analysis of variance in two circumstances showed considerable variations amongst the lines for most of the characters under investigation. The traits like tillers per plant (TPP), grains per spike (GPS), grain yield per plant (YPP) manifested high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean. YPP was found to be significantly positively associated, with TPP, GPS, chlorophyll content (CHL) and thousand grain weight (TGW). However, a negative association with canopy temperature (CT) and heat susceptibility index (HSI) was noted under both conditions. YPP was non-significantly negatively correlated with days to 50% flowering (DFF) in stressed scenario. CT revealed negative association with YPP, GPS, and CHL. However, it showed significant positive correlation with HSI. This has signified that raised CT has been in close relation with yield loss under thermal stress scenario. The characters such as, TPP and GPS are of prime importance in the process of selection for yield improvement, as they show positive association with grain yield. GPS and TPP had a very high direct effect on the yield and also all other traits gave indirect contribution to the yield through these traits. 25 lines were distinguished into seven and six clusters in timely and late sown scenarios respectively. In non-stressed scenario between cluster I and IV highest inter cluster distance was reported, followed by cluster V and VII, cluster I and VII. Whereas under thermal stress, cluster VI and V reported highest inter cluster distance, followed by cluster IV and V, cluster III and V. Leaf area devoted highest percentage towards the overall divergence followed by leaves per plant, TPP and TGW under timely sown condition. Highest contribution in the overall divergence was reported by LA followed by TPP and LPP. This suggests that selecting genotypes for these characters might be beneficial for further use in breeding programmes in the corresponding environments. Genotype HTWYT-7, HTWYT-15 and HTWYT-23 can be selected as suitable donor parent for characters like TPP, LA, LPP and YPP under timely sown conditions. HD 2967 can be used in breeding programmes for traits like TPP, GPS, LA, LPP, YPP and least CT and HSI in late sown conditions. A set of 10 microsatellite markers have been utilised for estimating the diversity at the molecular levels in the subjected material. These markers have produced clear, scorable and sharp bands for all of the given lines. Based on molecular diversity the 25 lines were separated into 8 clusters. Highest number genotypes were accommodated in cluster IV and lowest in cluster VII. High similarity coefficient was found between HTWYT-4 and HTWYT-5 followed by HTWYT-6 and HTWYT-7.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Genetic Parameter for Yield and its Components in Land Races of Rice(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 2020) V, Vinay; Singh, S.K.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization and evaluation of rice germplasm for yield and quality traits(JNKVV, 2014) Sharma, Mukesh Kumar; Singh, S.K.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF LAND RESOURCES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE PLANNING OF GORIYABAHAR NALA WATERSHED IN BASTAR DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH STATE USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2020) Ayam, Gaya Prasad; Sahu, K.K.; Singh, S.K.; Obi Reddy, G.P.; Shrivastava, G.K.; Saxena, R.R.The present investigation was carried out in Goriyabahar Nala watershed in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh state, representing Danadakarnaya region of eastern plateau to characterize, map and evaluate the land resources for their proper management and planning using high resolution satellite data sentinel-2 (10 meter resolution) and ALSO-DEM (12.5 meter resolution). DEM were interpreted to terrain features like landforms namely subdued hills, undulating uplands, undulating lowlands, upper valley, narrow valley, wide valley and alluvial plains representing 7.7, 35.6, 5.2, 9.9, 4.7 16.6 and 2.1 per cent, respectively of the total area of watershed. It was further used for slope class classification viz. very gently sloping (1-3%), gently sloping (3-8%), moderately sloping (8-15%) and moderately steeply sloping (15-30%) covering an area of 4468.8 ha, 7050.4 ha, 2975.4 ha and 429.1 ha, respectively. Remote sensing data were used for analyzing land use/land cover viz. single cropped cultivated land, fairly dense to dense forest, settlements with Badi cultivation and scrubland occupying 57.4, 22.5, 17.3 and 1.9 per cent of watershed respectively. Seventeen landscape ecological units (LEUs) were delineated and defined by the integration of landforms, slope and land use. These were further linked with broad landforms, physiography and sub-physiography. LEU wise profiles were examined for morphological studies and soil samples were collected for laboratory investigation. Soils samples for 0-30 cm soil depths were also collected at 500 meter grid intervals for soil fertility characterization. Soils on subdued hills were very shallow with redder hue, moderately deep with grayer hue on side slope and soils became gradually deeper down the slope with moderately deep to deep and redder hue on undulating lands and very deep with grayer hue in valleys and alluvial plains. Gravely clay loam soil texture at summit to clayey surface texture on sides slopes, clay loam on undulating lands with slightly to moderately acidic pH were found. Further the soils in the narrow and wide valley and alluvial plains were deep to very deep, clay loam to clayey on the surface and clayey in the sub-surface with grey colour. Soils had medium, moderate sub-angular blocky structure from undulating upland to upper valley and became platy breaking to medium, weak sub-angular blocky structure. Argillic horizons were characterized on the undulating upland, low land and upper valley and side slopes of hills whereas cambic horizons were characterized on other landscape barring to summit on subdued hills. Four soil series was defined namely Tondapal-Keshapur (Lithic Ustorthent) on hills, Jamawada-Badebadam (Typic Haplustalf) on sideslope, Chhotemurma (Typic Haplustalf) on undulating upland, low land and upper valley together with Manjhiguda (Typic Haplustept) series on narrow, wide and alluvial plains. Availability of macro nutrient content of surface soils indicated that 100.0 and 61.9 per cent soil samples were found to be low in available nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively and 57.1 per cent samples were high in available potassium in the study area with nutrient index values of 1.0, 1.38 and 2.56 respectively. Available micronutrients viz. Fe, Mn and Cu were found to be of high status as 98.06, 99.22 and 94.95 per cent soil samples respectively, whereas, available Zn showed medium (49.9% surface samples) in the surface soils. Nutrient index values for available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu are 2.97, 2.99, 1.86 and 2.93 respectively. LEU – soil series with their phases was defined and the soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as a map unit on 1:10000 scale. Soils were evaluated for their land capability, irrigability and suitability classes for the crops grown in the area. The soils were grouped into three capability subclasses (IIIws, IVes and VIes) and three irrigability subclasses (2st, 3st and 5st) indicating 78.2 per cent area of the watershed were capable and irrigable for agriculture. Tondapal-Keshapur series was found to be not suitable (N1) for agriculture. Based on the soil depth, texture and topography, land management units (LMU) was defined three LMU’s with an additional LMU of Badi cultivation along the settlements. LMU3 was highly suitable for rice and moderately suitable for all other upland crops and very much suitable for water harvesting and fisheries. LMU2 was highly suitable for majority of upland crops with minor practices of SWC measures and LMU1 was moderately to marginally suitable for major crops needed SWC measures for proper management. LMU4 was very much suitable for backyard nutritional garden and rearing of poultry, goatry and cattles. The study concludes that the variations in soils could be explained and mapped through LEU based approach using high resolution remote sensing data and digital elevation model on 1:10000 scale, which is capable to define a magnesium rich soil system of Bastar plateau and also pointed out depleting base status was critical on the undulating upland, low land and upper valley. The study further concludes that the soils of narrow valley, wide valley and alluvial plains have the potentiality for intensifying agriculture. Non-conventional agriculture including plantation of fruit trees and for energy is the requirement of soils on associated landform of hills. Planting of grasses is other requirement for arresting soil erosion and enhancing carbon sequestration into the system. The programme should have backing of Government and other investor.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Relationships between Spectral Reflectance Data and Selected Biotic-abiotic Stresses in Cotton Crop(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Soni, Rishabh; Singh, S.K.The present study was conducted to develop the relationships between spectral reflectance data and biotic-abiotic stresses in cotton crop. Four levels of urea application with rate of 225, 275, 325 and 375 kg ha-1 were applied in experimental plots. Row to row spacing for cotton crop were kept as 67.5 and 80 cm for the experiment. All the plots for the experimental field were georeferenced using GPS device. Data was collected at various growth stages of cotton crop using drone mounted cameras and Green Seeker for computation of variations in NDVI at different nitrogen levels. NDVI obtained from different sensors were increasing from vegetative stage (Mean NDVI = 0.454) till bud formation stage (mean NDVI = 0.7089) and decreased at boll opening stage (mean NDVI = 0.5232) till maturity stage (mean NDVI = 0.1432) of cotton crop. It was evident from the regression analysis that NDVI values obtained from NIR+R camera and Green Seeker had a good relationship having R2 = 0.74. Study also revealed that when mean insect population varied from 7.18 to 23.027 mean NDVI values obtained from NIR+ R camera after image processing varied in the range of 0.477 to 0.5441 and mean NDVI obtained from Green Seeker varied from 0.801 to 0.831. It was also found from the spatial maps and drone imagery that part of crop having more vigour, NDVI values in the vegetative stage was most affected by whitefly attack.ThesisItem Open Access Divergence studies for early heat tolerance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using morpho-physiological traits and microsatellite markers(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2021) S, VIGNESH; Singh, S.K.The current research programme entitled “Divergence studies for early heat tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using morpho-physiological traits and microsatellite markers” consisting of 29 bread wheat genotypes and this research was organized at DRPCAU Research Farm, Pusa. RBD with 3 replications was laid out in both the sowing conditions during 2020-21. The research was organized in two different sowing conditions i.e. Early and Timely sown environments, by taking different criterion like Variability, heritability and genetic advances, interrelation between various traits and their direct and indirect effects on GYP and genetic diversity evaluation into concern. ANOVA conceded significant variations between the accessions for all traits under both environments. The characters viz., TPP and GYP exhibited high heritability lies with high GAM in both conditions suggesting that a simple selection system prospective advantageous for such characters to carry genetic enhancement in the favored manner. RAUW 324 was ascertained significant over check (HD 2967) under heat stress environment for HSI specifying that selection of this genotype for heat stress n early condition was beneficial in crop improvement programme. GYP had a significant positive alliance among CC, TGW, PH, FE, SEL, TPP, GPS, SPL, and HI under both conditions, but it had a substantial negative alliance with CT, signifying the importance of these characters with regards to yield. SPL had a noteworthy strong direct positive impact on GYP on both the sowing conditions, as a consequence, selection based on this character would be efficient in getting better the bread wheat genotypes yield under early stage heat stress conditions. Under timely sown situation, cluster III and VII displayed the greatest inter-cluster distance afterward cluster III and VI suggesting that crosses between the genotypes of these clusters could increase the odds of obtaining higher productive recombinants. Under early sown conditions, the genotypes in cluster I and II displayed a significant level of genetic diversity because of the maximum inter-cluster distance among them. Under stress condition the minimum intra-cluster distance was found between cluster IV and VI. Cluster III reported maximum intra-cluster distance (D2) followed by Cluster I under timely sown, whereas Cluster II followed by Cluster I observed maximum intra-cluster distance under early sown condition. TGW devoted the most to towards the manifestation of genetic divergence, followed by TPP, DFF, SPL and PH in timely sown conditions. Whereas, early sown conditions TPP, CC, GPS, DFF, DM and SEL contributed the most. This suggests that selecting genotypes for these characters might be beneficial for further use in breeding programmes in the corresponding environments. 14 SSR markers were used to evaluate the molecular diversity in the 29 bread wheat genotypes. All the 29 genotypes were classified into 6 groups based on molecular diversity. Group A accommodated maximum number of genotypes whereas least number of genotypes was found in group D and E. High similarity coefficient was found between RAUW 301 and RAUW 304 followed by RAUW 312and RAUW 323.ThesisItem Open Access DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF TERMITES IN BUNDELKHAND REGION OF UTTAR PRADESH(Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda-210001, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2020-09-30) Maurya, Rajneesh Kumar; Singh, S.K.ThesisItem Open Access DNA POLYMORPHISM AT MHC LOCUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE RESISTANCE AND ECONOMIC TRAITS IN INDIGENOUS CHICKEN(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2007) Singh, Geeta; Singh, S.K.The Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a chromosomal region containing a family of genes that encode a group of glycoproteins involved in regulating a number of cellular processes of importance to the immune response and it has been associated with growth and reproductive traits in a variety of species including avian, swine, mouse, rat and human. Present investigation was carried out on a total of 1082 chicken belonging to seven genetic groups viz. Aseel (638), Kadaknath (755), desi (54), Black Australorp (603), the crosses of desi with other recognized breeds as Rhode Island Red (42), Black Australorp (62) and with Aseel (62) maintained at Avian Research and Development Centre (ARDC) of Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand). The data on various economic traits were recorded in all these genetic groups. Further the effect of chicken MHC genotype on growth and reproductive traits along with immunity of birds was also studied. The general performance were studied in all the seven genetic groups, while the relationship of chicken MHC with growth and reproductive performance were studied only on 50 chicken belonging to four purebred genetic groups.ThesisItem Open Access Eco Friendly Management of Base Rot of Aloe barbadensis(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-10-17) Kumar, Krishna; Singh, S.K.The present investigation entitled “Eco-friendly management of base rot of Aloe barbadensis” were carried out for two consecutive crop seasons i.e., rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20. The base rot symptoms appeared as the older or mature leaves which show yellowish brown rot under severe infection. The re-isolation was done to confirm the test pathogen from infected portion of the leaves taken for pathogenicity test were taken and cultured in petri plates and incubated at 25±2 0C. The whitish velvety growth similar to that of test fungus appeared after 7 days of incubation in petri plates; slides were prepared and examined under microscope. The cultural and morphological behavior of the pathogen i.e., isolate from naturally infected was similar to the standard pure culture which proves its pathogenicity. Twenty-six germplasms of Aloe vera were screened for their reaction to Fusarium sp. by field conditions. It is evident from the result presented in that during 2018-19 and 2019-20, out of 26 germplasms in 2018-19 of Aloe vera screened, none of germplasms was found immune, highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant, seven germplasms viz., IC-310611, IC-310596, IC-310618, IC-471886, IC-112527, IC-285626 and IC-112512 were observed as found susceptible, nineteen germplasms viz., IC-285629, IC-310904, IC-310609, IC-283610, IC-112532, IC-112519, IC-310517, IC-112569, IC-112513, IC-112531, IC-310617, IC-112521, IC-283945, IC-283655, IC-283943, IC-111279, IC-471882, IC-112518 and IC-111280 highly susceptible during 2019-20 out of 26 germplasms in Aloe vera screened, none of germplasms was found immune, highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant, ten germplasms viz., IC-310611, IC-310596, IC-310904, IC-283610, IC-112518, IC-112532, IC-112519, IC-471886, IC-112527 and IC-112512 were observed as found susceptible, sixteen germplasms viz., IC-285629, IC-310609, IC-310617, IC-112569, IC-112513, IC-112531, IC-310517, IC-112521, IC-283945, IC-285626, IC-283655, IC-283943, IC-111279, IC-471882, IC-112518 and IC-111280 highly susceptible.ThesisItem Open Access AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF POTATO PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN HILLS OF CHHATTISGARH(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur, 2018) Sinha, Ashwin Kumar; Singh, S.K.; Choudhary, V.K.; Lakhera, M.L.; Tripathi, ArunimaThe present study entailed “An economic analysis of resource use efficiency of potato production in northern hills of Chhattisgarh”. Has been undertaken with the following specific objectives of the study are: (1) to study the costs and returns from potato production on sample household, (2) to estimate resource use efficiency and assess the relative importance of various inputs in potato production and (3) to examine the disposal pattern and identify the various constraints faced by sample households in production and marketing of potato. The present study was conducted in Surguja and Balrampur districts of Chhattisgarh. One block from each selected districts was selected i.e., Mainpat from Surguja and Kusmi from Balrampur. Further, eleven villages from these two blocks were selected. Finally, a sample of 100 potato growers was selected with the help of probability proportion criteria from selected villages. The primary data were collected from sampled households by survey method using well structure schedule through personal interview. Tabular and functional analytical tools were employed for the analysis of data. The average family size was found 5.61 and literacy per cent was found 83.16 per cent. Average operational land holding size of sampled household was 2.17 hectare with 139.98 per cent cropping intensity. On an average cost of cultivation of potato were calculated `47408.91/ha. The expenditure on labour (human, bullock and machine) were found to be the major cost component accounting 36.39 per cent followed by seed 31.31 per cent, respectively. More than 90 per cent of total cost was accounted by variable factors required for production. The overall Cost A1, Cost A2, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1, Cost C2 accounted for 78.35 per cent, 78.35 per cent 79.04 percent, 83.83 per cent 86.12 per cent, 90.91 per cent, respectively. The overall net returns were estimated to be `45357.83. The overall input-output ratio of potato came to 1:1.96 on the sampled household. Cobb-Douglas production function was found best fit for the present study. The expenditure on plant protection measures, machine labour and manure and fertilizer were had significant effect on potato production. Resource use efficiency analysis indicated that plant protection measures, machine labour and manure fertilizer were underutilized. Hence returns from potato production can be increased by using more quantity of plant protection measures, machine labour and manure and fertilizer. The overall marketed surplus of potato crop was found to be 97.37 per cent. And most of the potato was marketed through wholesaler (85.96 per cent). The major challenges faced by farmers in potato cultivating were high capital requirement, lack of financing institution, lack of seed treatment, etc. In the marketing of potato, major constraints were found to be lack of transportation facilities and road from village to market, unavailability of market information, lack of support price, etc.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Conjunctive Application of Sewage Sludge and Fertilizers on Crop Productivity and Soil Health UnderHybrid Rice-wheat Cropping System.(Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2021) Jatav, Surendra Singh; Singh, S.K.A field experiment was conducted to know the effect of conjunctive application of sewage sludge and fertilizers on crop productivity and soil health under hybrid rice- wheat cropping system taking rice and wheat as test crop. As sewage sludge being a cheap source of organic matter and plant nutrients, it may use as fertilizer to full fill the requirement of deficient nutrient soils. Continuous use of sewage sludge reduces the nutrient requirement of the soil considerably. Application of sewage sludge improves soil physical, chemical and biological properties and consequently increases crop productivity.Rice and Wheat are most important staple food crops for more than half of the world population, especially for south-eastern Asia. The present study is a part of a more extensive investigation that forms the basis of adapting strategies to utilize the wastes collected from sewage treatment plant for its agricultural use.Owing to above points, the present investigation was carried out to study theeffect of conjunctive application of sewage sludge and fertilizers on crop productivity and soil health under hybrid rice- wheat cropping system.The experiment was set up in randomized block design with 10 treatments and three replicationstaking rice (Arize-6444) and wheat (HD-2967) as test crop. Application of sewage sludge along with fertilizer significantly improves the rice and wheat yield and soil fertility status as compared to the control and 100% RDF. Addition of sewage sludge significantly increased OC in post-harvest soil which improved the soil health and fertility status as compare to the 100% RDF. Application of sewage sludge also resulted heavy metals buildup in the post-harvest soil but the heavy metals content were below permissible limit as suggested by USEPA, 1993. The heavy metals content in applied sewage sludge was below the permissible limit. Overall sewage sludge along with fertilizer showed a significant increase in yield and improvement in properties of post-harvest soil.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of dietary supplementation of herbal liver stimulant on the performance of commercial broilers(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-06) Bisht, Kavita; Singh, S.K.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of feeding probiotic , prebiotic and synbiotic as feed additives on the performance of crossbreds(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-06) Dar, Aashaq Hussain; Singh, S.K.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of garlic and turmeric powder supplementation on performance of crossbred female calves(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-08) Mishra, Rajan; Singh, S.K.In the present study a feeding trial of 120 day was conducted to know the effect of garlic and turmeric powder supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, haemato-biochemical parameters, fecal characteristics and immuneoxidative stress status of crossbred female calves during winter and summer season. Total 24 female crossbred calves (between 4- 6 months age) were selected and divided into 4 groups viz., T1 Control, T2 Garlic powder, T3 Turmeric Powder, T4 Garlic + Turmeric Powder (50:50) supplementation @ 15 g/head/day and in all the treatments feeds was given. Results of the present study reveal that the calves in T2 group had significantly (P<0.05) higher total BW, ADG, body measurements and DMI followed by T4, T3 and lowest in the control group and FCE of the calves were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T2 followed by T3, T4 and lowest in control group. While during summer, it was recorded that calves in the T4 group had significantly (P<0.05) higher BW and ADG followed by T2, T3 and lowest in control group. HAW and BL of the calves were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T4 followed by T2, T3 and lowest in control group while, CG of the calves was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T3 followed by T4, T2 and lowest in control group. DMI was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T4 followed by T3, T2 and lowest in the control group while FCE of the calves was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T4 followed by T2, T3 and lowest in control group. Digestibility of OM, CF and NFE were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T3 followed by T2, T4 and lowest in control group, and digestibility of CP was significantly (P<0.05) higher in control group followed by T3, T2 and lower in T4 group during winter season. While during summer season, digestibility of DM, OM and CF were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T4 and lower in the control group, digestibility of CP was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the control and lower in the T2 group. Digestibility of EE and NFE were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T2 and lower in the control group. Hb, PCV, TLC, TEC and lymphocytes were significantly (P<0.05) higher and neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the supplemented groups as compared to the control during both seasons. Total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T2 followed by T4, T3 and lowest in the control group, while glucose, BUN and AST were lower in the T2, GGT and ALT levels were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the T3 group and creatinine level was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the T4 group followed by others during winter season. However during summer, total protein and albumin levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T4 and globulin levels was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T3, glucose and BUN levels significantly lower in the T4, GGT and ALT levels were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the T3, creatinine and AST levels were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the T2 group. Total cholesterol level was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the T4 group, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides levels were significantly (P<0.01) lower in the T2 group while HDL level was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the T2 group followed by others during winter season. However during summer, total cholesterol, VLDL and triglycerides levels were significantly (P<0.01) lower in the T3, LDL levels was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the T4 group and HDL levels was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the T4 group. Fecal volume and pH were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T3 group, feces frequency was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T4 and T2 group and feces colour and frequency was normal in nature in all supplemented groups during both seasons except feces frequency was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T4 group during summer season. Amphistomes spp. counts was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the T2 group but moniezia and Eimeria spp. counts were significantly (P<0.01) lower in the T4 group during both seasons. Fecal coliform and E. coli counts were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the T2 group followed by others during winter season, while during summer season fecal coliform count was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the T2 group and E. coli count was lower in the T4 group. Total immunoglobulin concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T4 group followed by T3, T2 and lowest in control group during winter season, while during summer total immunoglobulin concentration was significantly higher in the T2 followed by T4, T3 and lowest in the control group. Cell mediated immune response was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T2 followed by T4, T3 and lowest in the control group during winter season. While during summer season cell mediated immune response was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T3 followed by T4, T2 and lowest in the control group. Humoral immune response was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the T2 followed by T3, T4 and lowest in the control group during winter season while during summer humoral immune response was significantly higher in the T4 followed by T3, T2 and lowest in the control group. SOD, GSH and cortisol levels were significantly lower in the T4 followed by T3, T2, LPO levels was significantly lower in the T2 followed by T4, T3 and higher in the control group during winter season. During summer season, SOD and GSH levels were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the T3 followed by T4, T2, LPO and cortisol levels were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the T4 followed by T2, T3 and higher in the control group. It can be concluded that, garlic and turmeric powder supplementation in the diet of crossbred female calves to improves their overall growth performance, hematobiochemical parameters, fecal characteristics, immunity response and reduces cholesterol concentrations, oxidative stress status during winter and summer season.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of modified housing system on performance of Pantja goats(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Thapliyal, Priyanka; Singh, S.K.ArticleItem Open Access Effect Of Non-Surgical Removal of Conceptus on Estrous Cycle Length and Interferon TAU (IFNT) Gene Expression Profile in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2021-05) Sarath, T.; Singh, S.K.; Agarwal, S.K.; Arunmozhi, N.; Reddy, G.B. Manjunatha; Saxena, A.; TANUVASThe physiology of maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in cattle is well explored and a better understanding of phenomenon of MRP is needed in order to improve reproductive efficiency in buffaloes. The present work was conducted to study the effect of non-surgical removal of conceptus and expression profile of interferon tau (IFNT) in the conceptus after post insemination in buffaloes. In the experiment I, 15 female buffaloes in estrus were inseminated using frozen semen of Murrah buffalo and the uterine flushing by non-surgical method was carried out on days 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 of post insemination for collection of conceptus. Under experiment II, conceptus tissue collected on different days in the experiment I and conceptus tissue collected from slaughter house pregnant reproductive tracts were used for RNA isolation to study real time expression pattern of IFNT on day 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 30, 40 and 50 of pregnancy by using specific primers (F5’-GCCCTGGTGCTGGTCAGCTA -3’ and R5’-CATCTTAGTCAGCGAGAGTC -3’).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Urea Treatment of Wheat Straw Fed Complete Feed Under Loose Housing System on The Performance of Cross Bred Heifers,(Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, 1998) Pachauri, Shravan Kumar; Singh, S.K.Effect of Urea Treatment of Wheat Straw Fed Complete Feed Under Loose Housing System on The Performance of Cross Bred Heifers,ThesisItem Open Access Effect of zinc application on growth, yield and quality of cowpea in zinc deficient soil.(Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 2021) Das, Soumya; Singh, S.K.Zinc (Zn) is an important element of thousands of proteins in plants, but excessive amounts are poisonous. It can be employed for catalytic, regulatory, and structural activities in cocatalytic sites (for example, superoxide dismutases, purple acid phosphatases, and metallo—lactamases). Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata L), a member of the fabaceae family, is a robust crop produced primarily in semi-arid regions ,also both in tropical and subtropical areas as a source of vital protein .In its strategic growing locations, it has enormous sociocultural and economic significance. Because of its great nutritional value and accessibility to the poor, it is also known as poor man's meat, and it serves as a cornerstone in guaranteeing food security. To achieve the goal of the study, a pot experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, to gauge and analyse the ‘Effect of Zinc Application on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Cowpea in Zinc Deficient Soil'. Bulk of soil samples were taken from zinc deficient location in Uttar Pradesh's Narayanpur block of Fattepur village and cowpea crop was planted in 2020 with varying doses of zinc and RDF (60:30:30) comprising of nine treatments, replicated thrice with the goal of evaluating growth parameters in response to zinc application. Zinc in soil has a practical impact on nutrient transformation, metabolism, and use in cowpea. Based on the results of the experiment, it was inferred that the effect of soil application of Zn @ 7.5 mg kg-1 (T7) in the trial was most successful in producing higher growth and yield attributing features in cowpea beyond which it adversely affected the yield and growth parameters.