Browsing by Author "Singh, Kuldeep"
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ThesisItem Open Access Associative e ffic ienc y of certain prote inic agro-industrial by-Product Combinations for Broidler Meat Prodcution(College of Animal Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1986) Singh, Kuldeep; Thakur, R. SThesisItem Restricted Cloning and characterization of heat shock protein gene(s) from Aegilops speltoides (Tausch) Gren. and their association with heat tolerance(PAU, 2015) Pratibha; Singh, KuldeepWheat is staple food for half of the world population. Wheat yields are increasing at 0.9% annually, which is much less than the requisite increase to meet its demand in 2050. Wheat production is often limited by continual or terminal heat stress and not much is known about the mechanisms conferring olerance to heat stress. Heat shock proteins are known to play an essential role in preventing deleterious effects of high temperature and in many plant species HSP101 has a central role in heat stress survival. Aegilops speltoides, a close relative of B genome of bread wheat has been observed to confer tolerance to terminal heat stress. The present study, therefore, aimed at characterization of heat shock protein gene HSP101 in Ae. speltoides and comparing it with other species. The Ae. speltoides and other wild and cultivated wheat genotypes were analyzed for chlorophyll content at various growth stages until maturity. Ae .speltoides, per se, had significantly higher chlorophyll content at all the growth stages, even when the temperature was above 35°C. Coding sequences of HSP101C of T. aestivum were used to design the primers for studying expression of HSP101 at varying day/night temperature regimes. Expression analysis of HSP101C gene through Quantitative RT-PCR revealed differences in their induction in wild and cultivated wheat genotypes. Two Aegilops speltoides accessions pau3583 and pau3809 showed high level of expression of HSP101C gene at higher temperature compared to bread wheat, suggesting that it might be playing a role in conferring heat tolerance. Coding sequence of HSP101C gene of T. aestivum was used to identify the whole gene sequence in T. durum and Ae.speltoides genome databases. Overlapping primers were designed to amplify the whole gene from Ae. speltoides, Ae. tauschii, T. monococcum, T. durum and T. aestivum. Amplification was successful for all the fragments in all the species, however, clean sequence could be obtained in only one accession of Ae. speltoides acc pau3583. The HSP101C gene of Ae. speltoides acc. pau3583, designated as AsHsp101Cpau3583 is 4133 bp long with 2667 bp of coding sequence encoding an ORF of 888 amino acids. The AsHSP101C-pau3583 gene sequence contains more than 50 SNPs compared to AsHSP101C-TGAC. In silico comparative analysis of sequence of HSP101C of T. aestivum, Ae. speltoides, Ae. speltoides acc. pau3583, T. durum cv cappelli, T. durum cv strongfield, T. monococcum, Ae. tauschii and T. urartu HSP101C protein showed that multiple conserved domains (AAA, AAA+2, ClpB, ClpN, ClpD domains) are present. All ClpB/HSP100 genes in wheat share conserved nucleotide-binding domains. There appears to be HSP101C protein (encoded by Aegilops speltoides pau3583) that are variably homologous to proteins encoded by above wheat species throughout the entire amino acid sequence. The above eight wheat species Hsp101C gene show significant similarities in the signature sequences known to be conserved among Hsp100 proteins. The protein models of HSP101C in all eight wheat species provides high information for the ATP-binding motifs within the nucleotide binding domains (NBD) which are specific for the chaperone activity and knowledge about the mutagenic sites. These findings are important for further dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying the stress response and for understanding the functions of the HSP100 fami ly members. The sequence information could also be used designing markers for precise transfer AsHSP101C-pau3583 gene into hexaploid wheat and test its role in heat tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Lemongrass in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2022-10) Singh, Kuldeep; Bhat, AnilThe present investigation entitled “Economic analysis of Production and Marketing of Lemongrass in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory” was conducted in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir during the year 2021. Reasi, Kathua and Udhampur districts were selected purposively as only these districts cultivated lemongrass. All the farmers cultivating lemongrass were selected for the study. Primary data on socio- economic profile, cost and returns, cost of establishment of processing unit and cost involved in processing of lemongrass, marketing of lemongrass and problem faced by farmers in production, processing and marketing was collected by interviewing the farmers with the help of specially structured and pre-tested schedule and by visiting farmers, Indian Institute of Integrative medicine Jammu, various markets and contacting the various intermediaries involved in the marketing of lemongrass, respectively. The study revealed that the total cost of cultivation of lemongrass per hectare for the five year period was ₹343378.00 and ₹351714.00 in Reasi and Kathua districts, respectively whereas in Udhampur district it was ₹67974.00/ha. The total net return per hectare for the five year period was ₹659422.00 and ₹860886.00 in Reasi and Kathua districts, respectively whereas in Udhampur district the crop was in its 1st year of cultivation. The benefit cost ratio was worked out and found to be highest in 4th year in both the districts. Profitability and benefit cost ratio analysis of lemongrass oil production for the 5th year in Reasi and Kathua districts revealed that the gross revenue from lemongrass cultivated on total land was ₹3529800.00 and ₹1962000.00 with a net return of ₹2659811.00 and ₹1541042.00 in Reasi and Kathua district respectively. Pearson correlation shows all the variable was significant. The total cost required for the establishment of processing unit of capacity 5 quintals was ₹875000.00 and the total cost of processing of lemongrass per hectare for the five year was ₹64600.00 and ₹65300.00in Reasi and Kathua districts, respectively. Three marketing channels were identified in Jammu region mainly, Producer - Consumer, Producer - Wholesaler - Retailer - Consumer and Producer - Retailer/Local dealer - Consumer. The per kg marketing cost was found to be highest in channel II both in Reasi (₹60.00) and Kathua districts (₹42.00). The marketing cost per 50 ml was highest in channel II (₹43.00) in Reasi district. The per kg net price received by produer was highest (₹1790.00) each in channel II and III, respectively in Reasi district and channel II in Kathua district. The net price received per 50 ml of oil by producer was about ₹228.00 in channel I. Channel I was efficient in marketing in all the districts with marketing efficiency of 50.42 and 10.36 for one kg and 50 ml in Reasi district, respectively and marketing efficiency was 53.54 in Kathua district. The major problems faced by farmers in production, processing and marketing were lack of financial resources, lack of technical knowledge, irrigation facilities, lack of availabilty of processing unit, lack of knowledge about appropriate stage of harvesting, lack of knowledge of running distillation unit, prevalence of low prices in local and distant markets, lack of market information and high transportation cost.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Planting Time and herbicides on Weed Control in Durum Wheat(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1997) Singh, Kuldeep; Malik, R. SThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Medetomidine Ketamine Anaesthesia in Calves(College of Veterinary Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2002) Yadav, Vivek; Singh, KuldeepThesisItem Open Access Experimental Studies on Entire Segment Cortical Bone Crafting in Goats(College of Veterinary Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1989) Bisla, Ranbir S; Singh, KuldeepThesisItem Open Access Experimental studies on reticulo omasaland pyloric obstruction in buffalo calves(College of Veterinary Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1995) Singh, Sarbjit; Singh, KuldeepThesisItem Open Access Forms and distribution of sulphur in soils of grape orchards(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1994) Tripathi, Rakesh Kumar; Singh, KuldeepThesisItem Open Access Forms and distribution of Voasslum and its response to wheat in soils of of Shivalik foot hills (kandi) Haryana(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1994) Singh, Kuldeep; Singh, NarenderThesisItem Open Access Heavy metals accumulations in soils and plants as affected by sewage irrigation(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2002) Karthikeyan, K; Singh, KuldeepThesisItem Open Access Management of Hasta Bahar in Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Kuldeep Singh* Dr. D.K. Sarolia**(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2013) Singh, Kuldeep; Sarolia, D. K.A field experiment was conducted at Farmer field under Sirohi KVK, MPUAT, Udaipur during the year 2012-13.The soil of experimental field low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium. The experiment consisted of 15 crop regulation treatments comprising T0 (no spray),T1(Foliar spray of GA3@ 50 ppm in the month of June),T2 (Foliar spray of GA3@ 75 ppm in the month of June), T3 (Foliar spray of NAA@ 400 ppm in the month of February), T4 (Foliar spray of NAA@ 500 ppm in the month of February), T5 (Foliar spray of KNO3 @ 1per cent in the month of October), T6 (Foliar spray of KNO3 @ 1.5 per cent in the month of October), T7 (Foliar spray of paclobutrazoal @ 1000 ppm in the month of July), T8 (Foliar spray of paclobutrazoal @ 2000 ppm in the month of July), T9 (Foliar spray of Cyococel @1000 ppm in the month of September), T10 (Foliar spray of Cyococel @1500 ppm in the month of September), T11 (Paclobutrazol soil drenching @2.5 ml/plant in the month of July), T12 (Paclobutrazol soil drenching @ 5 ml/plant in the month of July), T13 (With holding irrigation in September), T14 (Root pruning & exposure in October). These treatments were evaluated under one way analysis of variance replicated thrice with adopting uniform cultural schedule during the experimentation. The results revealed that all treatments significantly increased the vegetative growth characteristics (shoot growth, shoot girth and leaf area) and flowering characteristics (initiation of flowering, number of flower per shoot, 50 per cent flowering, per cent fruit set, per cent fruit retention), yield characteristics (fruit weight, fruit volume, peel thickness, number of seeds fruit-1, number of fruits plant-1, yield tree-1 and yield hectare-1) and qualitative characteristics, (juice per cent, TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid content, pH and organolepting observation & leaf NPK status). Among the treatments foliar spray of cycocel @ 1000 ppm in the month of September (T9) significantly increased the number of flower per shoot (60), per cent fruit set (20 %), initiation of flowering (2 November), 50 per cent of flowering (10 November), fruit weight (48.12 g), fruit volume (46.44 cc), number of fruits per plant (634), yield per tree (30.50 kg tree-1) estimated yield per ha ( 8.47t ha-1), juice per cent (52.78 %), acidity per cent (7.26 %), ascorbic acid (39.20 mg/100 ml juice) and organoleptic score (8.95) and less number of seeds per fruit (9.67) and juice pH (2.00). As far as relative economics of the treatment is concerned, T9 treatment exhibited significantly higher gross return (Rs.211750 ha-1), net return (166831 ha-1) and B: C ratio (3.71:1).ThesisItem Restricted Marker assisted transfer of novel powdery mildew resistance gene(s) from Triticum boeoticum (Boiss.) to hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum (L.)(PAU, 2014) Elkot, Ahmed Fawzy Abdelnaby; Singh, KuldeepPowdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world and development of resistant varieties is safest and most economical approach for containing this disease. Wild species are an important source for PM resistance genes. In a previous study, two PM resistance genes designated as PmTb7A and Pm1Tb were identified in T. boeoticum acc. Pau5088 and mapped on chromosome arm 7AL the two genes were approximately 48cM apart and two resistance genes analogue (RGA)-STS markers Ta7AL-4556232 and 7AL-4426363 were found to be linked to the PmTb7A and Pm1Tb, at a distance of 0.6cM and 6.0cM, respectively. In the present study the two genes were transferred from T. boeoticum to T. aestivum cvs PBW 343-IL and PBW 621using T. durum cv PBW114 as bridging species. As many as 12317 florets of F1 of the cross T. durum cv PBW114/T. boeoticum acc pau5088 were pollinated with T. aestivum cvs PBW343-IL and PBW621 to produce 61 and 65 seeds, respectively of three-way F1. The resulting F1s of the cross T. durum/T. boeoticum//T. aestivum, were screened with marker flanking both the PM resistance genes PmTb7A and Pm1Tb (foreground selection) using SSR and RGA-STS markers and selected plants were backcrossed to generate BC1F1. Marker assisted selection was carried in both BC1F1 an BC2F1 generations with the objective of transferring these genes with minimum of the linkage drag. In BC2F1, out of total 121 BC2F1 plants of cross PBW114 / T. boeoticum acc. pau 5088//3*PBW343-IL, 41 had only PmTb7A linked markers, 13 had Pm1Tb linked markers, six had introgression for markers linked to both the genes and 61 plants did not show any introgression. Likewise, out of 93 BC2F1 plants derived from cross of PBW114/T. boeoticum//3*PBW621, 21 had only PmTb7A linked markers, 16 had Pm1Tb linked markers, 14 had introgression for markers linked to both the genes and 42 plants did not show any introgression. Out of more than 110 plants showing introgression for markers linked to the two PM resistance genes, 40 agronomically desirable plants were selected for background selection for the carrier chromosome to identify the plants having minimum of the alien introgression. Introgression in different BC2F1 plants varied from 15.4 - 62.9 per cent with minimum introgression in plants CBT76-4 which had PmTb7A only but not Pm1Tb and CBT101-3 which showed introgression for Pm1Tb but not for PmTb7A. Most of the selected plants had yield component traits similar or better than the recurrent parents. Cytological analysis showed that most plants have chromosome number ranging from 40-42. BC2F2 plants homozygous for the two genes have been identified and these will be crossed to generate lines combining both the PM resistance genes but with minimal of the alien ntrogression. One of the PM resistance genes PmTb7A which is novel, maps in a region on 7AL where Sr22, a stem rust resistance gene effective against the race Ug99, also maps. Markers analysis with Sr22 linked gene showed introgression in 31 plants out of total 40 selected BC2F1plants. Thus in addition to PM, the line with PmTb7A should also be resistant to stem rust race Ug99. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of marker assisted transfer of a gene from wild species into cultivated wheat.ThesisItem Open Access Microbiological environment of operation theatres vis-a-vis wound infections(College of Veterinary Sciences Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2002) Dahiya, Sunil Kumar; Singh, KuldeepThesisItem Open Access Molecular characterization of inter-specific backcross inbred lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for mapping of yield component QTL(PAU, 2015) Bhatia, Dharminder; Singh, KuldeepWe need to significantly increase the yield potential of rice for feeding estimated 9 billion populations by 2050. For increasing yield potential in rice, utilization of wild species is one among the several strategies advocated. In the present study, Backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from O. longistaminata acc. IRGC104301 (longi-BILs), O. rufipogon acc. IRGC104433 (rufi-BILs) and O. glumaepatula acc. IRGC104387 (glumae-BILs) in the background of O. sativa ssp. indica cv. PR114 were used for mapping QTLs consistently contributing variation for yield and yield component traits. BILs were evaluated for yield and yield component traits as compared to recurrent parent PR114 as check in alpha lattice design over three seasons spanning two locations. A modified Genotyping by sequencing approach was used for genotyping. Sequence data for each population was analysed with custom designed method exactly similar for each population to identify SNPs. A total of 3322 informative SNPs of rufi-BILs and 3437 informative SNPs of glumae-BILs were used for mapping QTLs for twelve yield and yield component traits using inclusive composite interval mapping. SNPs identified in longi-BILs could not be used for mapping due to large number of missing data points. In rufi-BILs, QTL for thousand grain weight (qtgw5.1) was mapped on chromosome 5 consistent over all the three seasons and with positive additive effect contributed by O. rufipogon allele. Two QTLs for grain width (qgw5.1 and qgw5.2) were also mapped on chromosome 5 with positive and negative additive effect respectively. In glumae-BILs, three consistent QTL for thousand grain weight on chromosome 2 (qtgw2.1), 3 (qtgw3.1) and 6 (qtgw6.1) were mapped consistently for season 2 and 3. QTLs qtgw2.1 and qtgw6.1were associated with positive additive effect, while qtgw3.1 with negative additive effect contributed by O. glumaepatula allele. Two QTL for grain length (qgl7.1 & qgl7.2) with positive additive effect contributed by PR114 allele was mapped on chromosome 7 spanning overlapping position in both rufi-BILs and glumae-BILs respectively. qgl7.1 and qgl7.2 might be same QTL as contributed by same parent and spanning overlapping position. QTL for other yield and yield component traits could not be identified due to skewed segregation.Yield component QTLs identified in the present study from low yielding wild relatives of rice reveals their significance in improving yield of cultivated rice. Combining these QTLs in the background of cultivated rice will not only increase the yield, but also widen the genetic base of cultivated rice.ThesisItem Restricted Morphological and histochemical study of the spennatozoa of buffalo bull(College of Basic Sciences and Humanties PAU, Hissar, 1974) Singh, Kuldeep; Guraya, S. SThesisItem Open Access Physical and Genetic Mapping of chromosome 2AL of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(PAU, 2015) Jindal, Suruchi; Singh, KuldeepAmong crop plants, hexaploid wheat has one of the largest genome, being 17000 Mbp. The largest genome coupled with polyploidy nature and very high level of repeat sequence makes sequencing of hexaploid wheat very complex. Several studies, coordinated by IWGSC (International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium) are in progress with the aim of obtaining and characterizing the wheat genome. The IWGSC has produced a draft sequence of hexaploid wheat genome by sequencing chromosome arms that were isolated from double ditelosomic stocks of Chinese Spring by flow sorting. Under IWGSC, India has the mandate for generating Bacterial Artificial Chromosome based physical map and whole genome sequencing of chromosome 2A and and PAU has been given the responsibility for physical mapping and sample sequencing of chromosome 2AL. BAC library comprising 76,800 clones for the long arm of 2A with an average insert size of 120kb and 16X coverage was generated from DNA of chromosome arms purified by flow cytometry. Using HICF (High Information Content Fingerprinting) we have fingerprinted 76,800 clones in total as group, out of which 20,000 clones were fingerprinted for this thesis. Automated assembly of high quality fingerprints was performed to generate physical map for 2AL using FPC (Fingerprinting Contig) and LTC (Linear Topolgy Contig) software for the generation of Minimum tiling Path (MTP). FPC and LTC generated 2450 comprising 5804 clones and 1204 contigs comprising 7854 clones respectively. Whole genome shotgun sequence for the chromosome 2AL was also generated using Illumina GAII, Hiseq2000 (paired end) and 454 Roche platform. Both the platforms generated combined reads of 4, 50,120,605 for the long arm. De novo hybrid assembly resulted into 425,821 contigs for 2AL covering 63% of arm. Size based markers were generated from assembled chromosome data. SSR mining was done on the assembled data which resulted in identification of more than 3000 usable SSRs for 2AL using MISA tool. About 501 di-, tri-, and tetra- nucleotide SSR markers were identified, with one marker from each contig for genetic mapping. Insertion Site Based Polymorphism markers (ISBPs) were also predicted from the assembled data using ISBPFINDER.pl. A total of 2, 16,414 ISBPs have been predicted out of which 12,706 can be used as markers and 50 ISBPs were selected randomly for mapping. Parental polymorphism was done on Triticum monococcum and Triticum boeoticum using ABI 3730XL genotyping system and agarose gel system for SSRs and ISBPs respectively. 225 SSR markers and 6 ISBP markers were found to be polymorphic, out of which 95 loci (including SSR and ISBP markers) were used to enrich the genetic map of 2A using the RIL population derived from the cross between Triticum monococcum and Triticum boeoticum and 39 markers were mapped on 2AL while remaining markers mapped on other linkage groups.ThesisItem Open Access Physical mapping of chromosome 2AL of hexaploid wheat and generation and mapping of EST based SNPs in Triticum monococcum(PAU, 2015) Kaur, Parampreet; Singh, KuldeepBread wheat has highly complex genome relative to any other food crop because of its gigantic genome size (17Gb), hexaploid nature and >80% of repetitive sequences. These biological features of bread wheat restricted the progress towards the goal of acquiring gold standard wheat genome sequence. International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) has been working for generation of chromosome/chromosome-arm based whole genome shotgun sequences and BAC-by-BAC based sequences. India was entrusted with the responsibility to decode chromosome 2A of wheat and the present study aimed at the development of BAC based physical map of chromosome 2AL and gene based SNP markers for chromosome 2Aand their mapping onto 2A linkage map. BAC library of 2AL comprised of 76,800 clones and in the present study about 20,000 BACs were fingerprinted using SNaPshot™ technology. However for the generation of physical map of 2AL the fingerprint data of all the 76,800 BACs, fingerprinted by other members of our laboratory were analyzed as a unit. Of the 76,800 BACs fingerprinted, 57,733 clones were cleaned using Finger Print Background (FPB) removal software and screened for cross-contamination using GenoProfiler. Finally, 46,782 high quality fingerprints (9.7equivalents of 2AL) were used for contig assembly using two assembly programs. The FingerPrintedContigs (FPC) assembled 33,424 BAC clones into 2,450 contigs and 7,373 clones represented its Minimum Tiling Path. The assembly generated by another advanced algorithm, Linear Topology Contigs (LTC) assembled 30,334 BACs into 1,204 better ordered and longer contigs. Its MTP was defined by 7,854 clones which are being used for MTP sequencing for generating pseudomolecule. In a parallel experiment, draft sequence assembly of 2A generated using Roche 454 and Illumina shotgun sequencing data was used for in silico identification of genes corresponding to full-length cDNAs (FlcDNAs) available in public domains. Primers were designed from 429 genes and used for amplifying Triticum monococcum and T. boeoticum. The amplicons of about 1,000 bp size were fractionated in 0.8% agarose gel to identify polymorphic markers. The amplicons which did not show size polymorphisms were sequenced in both the parents to identify SNPs. Sequence based markers were identified for 146 primers, out of which 96 SNPs were genotyped using Fluidigm SNP genotyping assay. Linkage map was developed using 123 polymorphic primers (93 SNP based, 9 size based and 21 presence/absence based). Out of these, 85 markers were mapped to pre-existing 2A linkage map with a final map length of 549.6 cM and 23 markers mapped onto chromosome 1A with small number of markers mapped onto other chromosomes. These markers will be used for the anchoring of physical map of 2AL to its genetic map. Development of an anchored physical map will complete one aspect of the multi-phase sequencing strategy of IWGSC and will serve as India’s contribution towards the IWGSC initiative.ThesisItem Open Access Production and marketing of potato in district Kanpur Nagar of Uttar Pradesh(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2016) Singh, Kuldeep; Singh, Ram AshrayAdd