Browsing by Author "Singh, B. B."
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ThesisItem Open Access “MOLECUAR DETECTION AND SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO POPULATIONS IN PUNJAB, INDIA(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2018) KATAM, SIVATEJA REDDY; Singh, B. B.Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite infecting all warm blooded animals including marine mammals and birds. The infection is asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts but lead to severe signs of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised hosts and in pregnant animals. In our study we randomly selected 22 villages representing all the districts of Punjab. We had visited 247 households in which 1147 animals were present, out of which serum samples were collected from only 610 animals (378 cattle and 278 buffalo) from179 households for detection of antibodies against T. gondii. For molecular analysis 100 aborted fetal contents/placenta from aborted cattle were collected. In our study we reported an apparent seroprevalence of 12.7% (95 CI: 9.71%, 16.43%) in cattle and 9.91% (95% CI: 6.7%, 14.44%) in buffalo populations. At herd level, a seroprevalence of 31.84% (95% CI: 28.54%, 38.28%) and 30.52% (95% CI: 27.73%, 38.19%) was recorded in cattle and buffalo population respectively. In our PCR assay we detected that 4% of the aborted fetal contents/ placenta were shown to be positive for T. gondii. The detection of antibodies against T. gondii in bovine serum samples indicated the exposure to cattle and buffalo. Molecular positivity was significantly associated with the history of abortions in the third trimester and with the presence of cat(s) in the farm.ThesisItem Open Access Prevalence and molecular epidemiological studies on trichinellosis in India(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2015) Konwar, Pranita; Singh, B. B.The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of trichinellosis in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) in India. A total of 319 tissue and 279 serum samples were collected from 279 slaughter pigs. The samples were collected from small slaughter shops located in Assam, Chandigarh (Union territory), Punjab and Uttarakhand states of the country. The presence of Trichinella spp. antibodies was determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and tissue samples were digested using the OIE recommended pepsin-HCl digestion method. The overall seroprevalence of trichinellosis was found to be 2.87% using ELISA. The age wise seroprevalence rate was found to be 2.83 % in pigs aged more than six months and 3.12 % in pigs less than six months of age. The seroprevalence was more in male (3.38%) than female (1.96%) pigs. None of the samples were found positive using Pepsin-HCl digestion method. Since none of the samples were found positive for Trichinella, PCR assay could not be employed in the current study. The age, sex and management practices of the animals were not significantly (p>0.05) associated with the infection. The research confirms that trichinellosis remains a rare zoonosis in India and extensive studies must be carried out in wildlife to identify reservoir hosts in the country.ThesisItem Open Access SEROPREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF Q FEVER IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO POPULATIONS IN PUNJAB, INDIA(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2018) K, Ravikiran; Singh, B. B.Q fever is an important zoonotic disease of veterinary and public health importance. As far as we are aware, no systematic studies on the prevalence of the disease in cattle and buffalo populations have been carried out in Punjab state of India. For this crosssectional study, we selected 22 villages that represented all the districts of Punjab. We visited 179 households and overall, 610 bovines (378 cattle and 232 buffaloes) were surveyed. Furthermore, blood (610), milk (361) and genital swab samples (610) along with detailed information related to herd and individual animals were collected. The serum samples were screened for Coxiella burnetii specific antibodies using ELISA. Milk and genital swab samples were subjected to Trans-PCR assay. Serological investigation revealed the apparent seroprevalence and true seroprevalence of 5.41% (95% CI: 3.88, 7.5) and 4.92% (95% CI: 3.39, 7.03) respectively at individual animal level and 16.20% (95% CI: 11.52, 22.3) and 15.77 (95% CI: 11.07, 21.9) at the herd level. Similarly, the apparent and true molecular prevalence for trans-PCR assay in bovines were found to be 2.13% (95% CI: 1.25, 3.61) and 1.89% (95% CI: 0.85, 3.64) respectively at individual animal level and 6.15% (95% CI: 3.47, 10.67) and 6.63% (95% CI: 3.47, 11.98) at the herd level. Seroprevalence and molecular prevalence were higher in the crossbred/exotic cattle than in buffaloes. Univariable analysis revealed that odds of being seropositive for Q fever increased with age and presence of goats in the herd whereas separation of pregnant animals from the rest of the herd during the time of parturition and proper disposal of aborted materials/parturition products had a protective effect on the Q fever seroprevalence. Results indicate the presence of C. burnetii in dairy herds and a need to implement disease-specific control programs.