Browsing by Author "Senthilkumar, P"
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OtherItem Open Access A Case Study on Papillomatosis in Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) Using Herbal Preparation(TANUVAS, 2010) Reetha, T. Lurthu; Punniamurthy, N; Babu, M; Jegatheesan, P.N. Richard; Senthilkumar, PArticleItem Open Access Clinical Investigation on Mycotic Pneumonia in Emu Chicks(2014-10) Lurthu Reetha, T; Senthilkumar, P; Richard Jagatheesan, PN; Rajarajan, G; Arthanareeswaran, M; TANUVASEmu chicks in the age groups of one to two months maintained at TANUVAS- Regional Research Centre, Pudukottai were exhibited the clinical signs of respiratory distress, dysponea, cough, anorexia, dullness , unthriftiness and unable to walk. The emu chicks were treated with antibiotics and supportive therapies but the chicks were not responded to the treatment and died after three days. Based on colonial morphology and microscopic morphology the Aspergillus fumigatus. Copper sulphate @ 2.5 grams per 100 litres of drinking water was given to the remaining birds as preventive measures for three days.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Dietary Non-structural Carbohydrate Levels on Faecal characteristics in Mecheri Lambs(2021) Senthilkumar, P; Vasan, P; Mohan, B, et al.,; TANUVASAn experiment was conducted in thirty-two Mecheri ram lambs, aged about 15 days with uniform body weight. Animals were randomly allotted into four groups of 8 lambs each viz., T1, T2, T3, and T4 in a completely randomized design and reared for 3 months of weaning age. The four isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete diets varying in non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) levels were prepared and offered to the respective treatment groups ad libitum throughout the study in addition to milk suckling from their dam. The DMI and BCS were lower in T1 and were increased as dietary NSC levels increases. Among the treatment groups, lambs on a higher NSC diet (T4) had significantly (P<0.05) higher faecal scores and a better score was observed for T2. The faecal DM, NDF content was significantly (P<0.05) lower and the NSC content was higher in T4 group. It could be concluded that a higher level of NSC in the diet increased the faecal score, indicates that the disturbance in the rumen fermentation and need dietary intervention to improve faecal consistency when such high NSC feed used for higher weight gain.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Feeding Azolla Meal on Growth Performance of Mecheri Sheep(2020-05) Sankar, V; Senthilkumar, P; Sribalaji, N; Nalini, P, et al.; TANUVASThe study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional and feeding value of azolla meal in Mecheri lambs. For this study, twelve Mecheri female lambs at four month of age were randomly divided in to two equal groups of control and treatment. Experimental animals in control group were fed with basal diet comprising concentrate and roughage at the ratio of 40:60. In the treatment group 10 percent protein of concentrate mixture was replaced by supplementation of dried azolla meal on dry matter basis. Fortnightly body weight and dry matter intake was recorded for the period of three months. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between groups in dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed efficiency. Hence, it can be concluded that, dried azolla can replace ten per cent protein level in the concentrate feed without affecting the growth performance in Mecheri lambs.ArticleItem Open Access EFFECT OF FEEDING DIFFERENT ROUGHAGE TO CONCENTRATE RATIOS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MECHERI LAMB(2021) Vasan, P; Senthilkumar, P; Sankar, V; Arun, L; TANUVASAstudy was conducted to assess the growth and feed cost in lambs fed rations containing different roughage to concentrate ratios during January to May 2019.Eighteen male Mecheri lambs (3 months old and 11.80± 0.16kg body weight) were randomly distributed into three groups of six each. Sorghum stover was the roughage and roughage: concentrate fed ad libitum to lambs in 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 ratios for a period of 120 days. The body weight gain, average daily gain, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were significantly (p<0.001) higher in lambs fed 50% concentrate followed by 40 and 30% respectively. Higher proportion of concentrate in the ration significantly (p<0.05) influenced the serum cholesterol and inorganic phosphorus concentration. Feed cost/kg live body weight was lower in lambs fed 50% concentrate (Rs. 35.58/kg gain) followed by 40 (Rs. 42.43/kg gain) and 30% concentrate (Rs. 56.98/kg gain). Feeding of roughage and concentrate in 50:50 ratio was found ideal for better growth and feed efficiency in lambs.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of prostaglandin-pregnent mare serum gonadotropin combination for enhancing prolificasy in Malabari goats(Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2002) Senthilkumar, P; KAU; Balakrishnan, P PThe object of present Investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of prostaglandin-PMSG combination treatment at different dose levels in order to enhance the fertility and prolificacy of Malabari does. The material used for the study consisted of 48 cycling nulliparous Malabari does of eight to ten months age and body weight 18 to 20 kg, belonging to Kerala Agricultural University Goat farm, Mannuthy. All the experimental does were administered with two doses of cloprostenol (SYNCHROMATE) at the rate of O.Sml intramuscularly 11 days apart. One day prior to the second prostaglandin administration the does were randomly divided into four groups viz. Group I, Il, III and IV with 12 in each group. On the same day group I, 11 and III were administered PMSG (FOLLIGON) intramuscularly at the rate of 200, 400 and 600 IU respectively. Group IV was maintained as control with the prostaglandin treatment alone. After the second dose of prostaglandin all does in group I, 11 and III (100%) showed oestrus and in group IV only 11 does (91.67%) exhibited oestrus. The mean time taken for onset of oestrus in group I, Il, III and IV was 28.00±2.70, 30.00±4.31, 24.00, 43.64±4.36 h respectively. Group IV was significantly different from prostaglandin-PMSG group I, II and III (P < 0.01). The mean duration of oestrus in group I, 11, III and IV was 84.00±6.94, 64.00±7.44, 86.00±7.S2 and 34.91±4.97 h respectively. Group IV was significantly different from group I, IlandIlI (P Mean intensity oestrus score was 11.50±0.49, 12.25±0.33, 14.25±0.72 and 8.82±1.59 respectively in group I, 11, III and IV. Group IV was statistically significant from group I, II and III (P < 0.0 l). All prostaglandin-PMSG treated does exhibited common oestrus signs like wagging of tail, standing to be mounted, vulval redness, vulval oedema and vulval discharge whereas in control group only wagging of tail, vulval redness and vulval oedema noticed. The percentage of conception rate in group I, 11, III and IV was 41.67, 50.00, 33.33 and 45.45 respectively. In prostaglandin-PMSG groups I, 11 and III mean litter size was 1.60±0.25, 1.50±0.43 and 1.50±0.65 respectively but in group IV the same was 1.20±0.20. There was no significant difference between the groups in litter size. However, more litter size with twins and triplets was noticed in prostaglandin- PMSG groups than the control group. In group I, 11 and III mean birth weight was 1.45±0.14, 1.24±0.13 and 1.27±0.18 kg respectively whereas in group IV it was l.62±0.24 kg. There was no significant difference among the groups with respect to the birth weight of kids. The percentage of preweaning mortality of kids in group I, Il, III and IV was 50.00, 44.44, 50.00 and 33.33 respectively. The causes of preweaning mortality were pneumonia, enteritis and other etiological factors such as sudden death of weak born kids. Analysis of the results of present investigation indicated that prostaglandin double dose combined with PMSG at low dose regimen of 200 IV treatment can be used for enhancing the litter size without affecting the uq reproductive efficiency of nulliparous young does. For enhancing the litter size of goat, though requires further detailed investigation, it appears to offer a clear indication on the possibility of hormonally modulated for enhancement of litter size among goats. This might find in potential commercial application in intensive goat production system.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Subclinical Mastitis on Milk Profile Changes in Jersey Cross Bred Dairy Cows(2020-05) Sri Balaji, N; Sankar, V; Senthilkumar, P; Nalini, P, et al.; TANUVASSubclinical mastitis is a major cause of economic loss in dairy herds that shows no gross inflammatory changes in udder. Often it is more prevalent than the clinical mastitis and it affects milk production and milk quality. Hence the study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of subclinical mastitis in apparently healthy 60 Jersey cross bred dairy cows in Theni District of Tamil Nadu. The mean SE values of SCC levels in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis was 4.02 ± 0.12 x 105 cell / ml of milk and 1.24 ± 0.21 x 105 cell / ml of milk in case of non-infected healthy dairy cows. The mean SE value of chloride content of apparently healthy non infected cows was 0.15 ± 0.004 g % compared to the samples suspected for subclinical mastitis with chloride content of 0.21 ± 0.006 g %. The mean SE value of milk pH in apparently healthy non infected cows was 6.51 ±0.04, whereas the samples suspected for subclinical mastitis had pH of 7.57 ± 0.023, which indicated the likelihood of subclinical mastitis in Jersey cross bred dairy cows.ArticleItem Open Access Effects of Physiological Status and Season on Blood Biochemical and Mineral Profile of Holstein Friesian Cross Bred Cattle(Excellent Publishers, 2018-12) Usha, S; Mohanty, TK; Senthilkumar, P; TANUVASThe present study was conducted to elucidate the plasma mineral profile and serum biochemical parameters in Holstein Friesian cross bred cattle in different physiological stages and seasons. In each season and each physiological group 8 normal healthy animals randomly selected for blood sampling once in a month for minerals Ca, P, Cu, Zn and Mn; biochemical parameters glucose, BUN, and NEFA analysis. Blood plasma minerals and biochemical parameters were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by animal physiological conditions and season of the year. Whereas, season of the year did not influences the serum cholesterol level. Blood Plasma minerals estimated were within the normal range. However, mineral concentration were significantly (P<0.05) lower during winter. Similarly, glucose content was lower and the BUN and NEFA content were higher during winter compared to other season. Results indicate that the herd health status on metabolic and mineral profiles need to be evaluated regularly in different seasons to diagnose deficiencies and imbalances to achieve set targets in terms of production performance by adjusting feeding and mineral supplementation.OtherItem Open Access ESTIMATION OF REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN SALEM BLACK GOATS(2019-12) Senthilkumar, P; Sankar, V; Sri Balaji, N; et al.; TANUVASSalem black goat is a recently recognized goat breed of Tamil Nadu. There is around 50 breedable does of Salem black goats being maintained at Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, Salem District. Salem black goats are bred throughout the year and hand mating is practiced. Reproductive performance of Salem black goats were estimated from data collected during 2014 to 2018. For reproductive performance, 198 records available were analyzed for age at first matting, age at first kidding, kidding interval, kidding rate, single, and twin and triplet births. Analysis of data shows that the mean age at first matting, age at first kidding and kidding interval were 447.2 ± 10.27 , 554.8 ± 9.22 and 343 ± 10.55 days, respectively. The kidding percentage was 79.49.The kidding rate is 1.71 and the per cent single, twin and triplet births were 51.35, 51.389 and 6.92 respectively. Additionally, it was found that 7.02 per cent of does kidded two times in a year.ArticleItem Open Access Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial effect of garlic against poultry pathogens(2013-07) Mekala, P; Senthilkumar, P; Jagadeeswaran, A; Arivuchelvan, A; TANUVASGarlic (Allium sativum) is well known for its antimicrobial activity and the poultry farmers in Namakkal (Tamilnadu) use it in feed to combat infections. However there are limited reports on the efficacy of garlic against poultry pathogens. Hence, in the present study antibacterial activity of fresh garlic extract was evaluated on eight pathogenic poultry isolates namely Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, E.coli, Klebsiella, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas and Salmonella by agar well diffusion method and compared with enrofloxacin. Garlic extract was used at 100, 75, 50, 25 and 12.5% concentration. Among the organisms the sensitivity as measured by zone size for gram positive organism was identical for Staphylococcus (37 to 21mm) and Bacillus (37 to 20mm) while it was lowest for Clostridium (16 to 0mm). Similarly for gram negative organism the zone size was similar for Pasteurella (31 to 17mm) and Salmonella (30 to 19mm) followed by E. Coli (27 to 16mm) and then Pseudomonas (25 to 17mm) and Klebsiella (25 to 12mm). All the organisms were sensitive to enrofloxacin except E. coli and for Bacillus and Staphylococcus the activity of 25% garlic extract was identical to enrofloxacin. For Pasteurella both enrofloxacin and 100% extract recorded similar zone of inhibition and for other organisms the effect of garlic extract was comparable to enrofloxacin. The results of the study justify the use of garlic in poultry feed.ArticleItem Open Access Meat and Fat Quality of Salem Black Goat meat Reared under Different Rearing Systems(2021) Jayanthi, D; Senthilkumar, P; Muralidharan, J; Sureshkumar, S; TANUVASBackground: The work was carried out to complementary contribution to the comprehensive study of the recently recognised promising Salem Black goat breed’s meat quality raised under intensive and semi intensive systems at different age for both sexes. Methods: The study was conducted on sixty four, three months old Salem Black goat kids (32 males and 32 females) by allotting randomly as16 kids in each group in a 2 X 2 factorial design. Result: The pH value for meat was significantly (P<0.05) higher at 9 months male animals. Meat redness (a*) value increased and the lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values significantly (P<0.01) decreased with age. The shear force indicates that male had significantly (P<0.01) higher value. Meat at 6 months had significantly (P<0.01) higher sarcomere length. Hydroxyproline content was significantly (P<0.01) higher with lower muscle fibre diameter in intensively reared male kids meat. Acid insoluble ash, ether extract and PUFA contents were significantly (P<0.05) increased with age in meat. Intensively reared animals had significantly (P<0.05) low level of SFA and high level of PUFA, MUFA and PUFA/SFA ratio than semi-intensively reared animals. The intensively reared animal shows better meat quality, more nutritious than semi intensively reared animal meat.ArticleItem Open Access Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin after Single Intravenous and Oral Bolus Administration in Broiler Chicken(Cloud Publications, 2014-07) Mekala, P; Jagadeeswaran, A; Arivuchelvan, A; Senthilkumar, P; Nanjappan, K; Gopala Krishnamurthy, TR; TANUVASThe pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of enrofloxacin was compared in Cobb strain broiler chicken after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin at the rate of 10mg.kg-1. The concentration of enrofloxacin at various time intervals in plasma was determined by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non compartmental approach.ThesisItem Open Access Prevalence of Leptospirosis and Parasitic Infections in Free Ranging Mongooses and Rodents(TANUVAS, 1998) Senthilkumar, P; TANUVAS; Jayathangaraj, M.G.; John, C. Mathew; Nedunchelliyan, SArticleItem Open Access A Study on Comparison of Different Feeding Systems on Growth and Economic Performance of Goats Reared Under Semi-Arid Region(2020-08) Senthilkumar, P; Sankar, V; Sri Balaji, N; Nalini, P; Muralidharan, J; Arun, L; TANUVASA study was conducted to compare the different feeding system in three month’s old weaned Salem Black kids in both the sexes. Animals were divided in to five treatment groups each contains six kids for male and female separately. All the animals were allowed for full day grazing. In addition to grazing group I kids were fed with concentrate feed @ 1% of body weight (BW), group II concentrate feed @ 1.5% of BW, group III ground maize grain @ 1% of BW, group IV Ground nut oil cake (GNC) @ 1% of BW and group V serve as a control reared only with grazing for the period of 9 months. The growth rate and Average daily gain (ADG) of goats were significantly (P<0.05) higher in concentrate feed/feed ingredients supplemented animals. In all the treatments male kids significantly (P<0.05) grew faster than female. The profit per group was significantly (P<0.05) lesser in non-supplemented group and significantly (P<0.05) higher in maize grain supplemented group. In conclusion, supplementation of concentrate feed/feed ingredients @ at 1 per cent BW satisfy nutrient requirement of grazing goats. Among the feeding systems, supplementation of maize grain was more profitable.ArticleItem Open Access Use of Placentrex to Augment Fertility in Repeat Breeder Cross Bred Cows(2008) Krishnakumar, K; Senthilkumar, P; Anitha, B, et al.,; TANUVASThe study was conducted on 20 healthy, parous, cyclic cross bred cows which were brought to the Gynaecological unit of Veterinary College and Research institute Hospital, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu-637 002 with the history of repeat breeding. They were randomly divided in to two groups of 10 animals each. The first group was used as control and the second group was treated with l0 ml of placentrex, intramuscularly. Both the groups were inseminated twice at 24 hours interval during estrus. The mean duration of estrus was 28.90 :1: 0.4] and 24.70 i 0.32 h in control and placentrex administered groups, respectively, which was significantly shorter (P< 0.05) in placentrex administered group when compared with the control group.ArticleItem Open Access கால்நடை வளர்ப்பில் வேளாண் காடுகளின் முக்கியத்துவம்(2021-07) Sankar, V; Senthilkumar, P; Sribalaji, N; Nalini, P; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access கால்நடைகளுக்கு ஏற்ற தரமான உலர்புல் தயாரித்தல்(TANUVAS, 2017-07) Senthilkumar, P; Ramya, S.; Arun, L.; Thiruvenkadan, A.K.