Browsing by Author "Sathapathy, Srinivas"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ThesisItem Open Access Osteo-morphological studies on the vertebrae, ribs and sternum of blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-05) Sathapathy, Srinivas; Singh, BalwinderThe general vertebral formula of Blue bull was observed as C7T13L6S5Cy15-21. Amongst the cervical vertebrae, the atlas, axis, C6 and C7 were atypical type, but C3-C5 were typical type. The typical cervical vertebrae were characterized by presence of foramen transversarium and bifid transverse process, where as the atlas had dorsal and ventral tubercles, fovea dentis that articulated with the dens of axis. The ventral division of transverse process of C6 was quadrilateral plate like. The C7 was devoid of foramen transversarium and characterized by presence of undivided transverse process, well developed dorsal supraspinous process and presence of costal facets on both the sides of the caudal end of the body. The thoracic vertebrae presented long supraspinous process, cylindrical, but shorter centrum. The cranial articular processes were oval, slightly convex, placed on the dorsal border of the arch and faced directly upwards. The caudal ones were located at the base of the supraspinous processes and were slightly concave. The transverse processes were short, thick and undivided. They presented a tubercular facet on their ventral aspect for articulation with the corresponding facet present on the tubercle of the rib. The transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae presented thick rounded non-articular mamillary processes on the dorsal aspect. The lumbar vertebrae were characterized by long transverse process, broad and flattened dorsal supraspinous process and well developed cranial and caudal articular processes. The average length of transverse process gradually increased from L1 to L5 and then it suddenly decreased in L6. The sacrum was almost triangular in shape and formed by five sacral segments. It presented wings, base and apex. It had a median sacral crest, two lateral sacral crests and four pairs of dorsal and ventral sacral foramina. The first three to four coccygeal vertebrae were characterized by presence of body, bifid dorsal and ventral spines, sulcus vasculosus, cranial nonarticular process and a pair of transverse process. The remaining caudal vertebrae had cylindrical bodies and reduced processes. The ribs were longer, wider, flatter, less curved and less regular in form. There were thirteen pairs of ribs in Blue bull, out of which first eight were sternal, last five were asternal and the last pair was considered as floating ribs. They presented proximal end, shaft and distal end. The proximal end further consisted of head, neck and tubercle. The costal groove was present at the proximal end of caudal border of shaft. An accessory tubercle was located below the main tubercle at the caudal border of the shaft of 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 8th and 11th pairs of ribs in both the sexes of the Blue bull. The distal end of the ribs was wide, flattened and attached with the costal cartilage. The sternum was a long plate of osteo-cartilagenous structure formed by seven sternebrae. It was flat except at its anterior end, which was compressed laterally. The lateral borders accommodated seven pairs of sternal facets on either side of the intersternal junctions. The manubrium sterni presented extensive facets dorso-laterally for articulation with the first pair of costal cartilages. The eighth pair costal cartilages joined the sternum between 6th and 7th sternebrae along with the seventh pair costal cartilages. The xiphoid cartilage was rounded and present in the caudal aspect of 7th sternebra attached with the xiphoid processThesisItem Open Access Prenatal development of heart of sheep (Ovis aries) with special reference to conducting system(Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Sahu, Santosh Kumar; Mishra, Uma Kanta; Nath, Indramani; Kundu, Akshaya Kumar; Panda, Susen Kumar; Sahoo, Gyanaranjan; Sathapathy, SrinivasThe present study was conducted on the 12 apparent healthy foeti of non-descript sheep of Odisha divided into three age groups viz. G-I (0-50 days), G-II (51-100 days) and G-III (101-150 days), with 4 foeti in each group to record the detailed morphogenesis of the heart which encompassed gross morphogenesis and morphometry, histomorphogenesis and morphometry, histochemical development and biochemical development. The results revealed the shape of the heart to vary from triangular to conical in the sheep foeti. The cells lining the endocardium and epicardium became elongated from flat shape with advancing age. The intercalated discs appeared continuous from broken lines with advancing age in the myocardium of cardiac wall in sheep foeti. The frequency of blood vessels, connective tissue fibres and connective tissue cells increased with age in the subendothelium, subepicardium, myocardium, epicardium, cardiac valves and cardiac fibrous skeleton in the sheep foeti. The average circumference, height, length and thickness of heart increased in the sheep foeti from G-I to G-III. The cardiac conducting cells such as cells of SA node, internodal fibres, AV node, bundle of His and purkinje fibres were noted to be larger in size than the surrounding cardiac myocytes and had a glassy cytoplasm. The average diameter of the myocardiocytes, Purkinje fibres, blood capillaries of cardiac walls, nucleus of the myocardiocytes and Purkinje fibres, endothelial cells lining the internal wall of the heart and the frequency distribution of myocardiocytes, fibroblasts, nuclei of myocardiocytes and intercalated discs and blood capillaries in the endocardium and myocardium of heart and revealed an age dependent rise in sheep foeti of G-I to G-III. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of pores among the endothelial cells and cardiac myocytes in the sheep foeti at all stages of gestation. The PAS activity was observed in the cardiac wall, interatrial septum, interventricular septum and cardiac vales in the sheep foeti at all stages of gestation. Occasional mast cells and a sparse number of argentaffin cells were noted in the pectinate muscles of atria, papillary muscles of ventricles and myocardium of interventricular septum in all the sheep foeti. The frequency of nerve fibres increased with age in the heart wall, interatrial septum, interventricular septum and cardiac valves in the sheep foeti. A variable degree of acid phosphatase activity was noted in the epicardium and myocardium of heart wall in the sheep foeti at all stages of gestation. The lipid deposition increased with advancing age in the myocardium of cardiac wall, interatrial septum and interventricular septum in the sheep foeti. The activities of various enzymes like creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase were high in left ventricle than the right ventricle in the sheep foeti. Certain protein bands of specific molecular weight appeared in the ventricular tissue at specific age of gestation in addition to a group of common proteins which appeared in all the age of foeti used in the present study.ThesisItem Open Access Transthoracic echocardiography study in dogs(Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Rath, Pritish; Jena, Biswadeep; Nath, Indramani; Behera, Sidhartha Sankar; Rath, Prasana Kumar; Sathapathy, SrinivasThe present study was conducted to study the prevalence of cardiac ailments and to compare echocardiographic parameters with the control healthy animal in an endeavour to establish standardized echocardiographic parameters for dogs vis-à-vis correlate with the body weight to diagnose the cardiac ailment like DCM and HCM with affluence.The present study was conducted on 30 clinical cases (22 Male,8 Female) belonging to various canine breeds (more Labrador breed of dogs) which encompassed 12 (40%) clinically healthy control dogs and 18 (60%) dogs with cardiac ailments. The patients were subjected to meticulous physical, clinic-physiological, radiographic and electrocardiographic examinations before categorising them to different groups like healthy control group and experimental group, respectively. Experimental group was further subdivided into DCM and HCM groups based upon echocardiographic findings [DCM- 14 (77.78%) and HCM-4 (22.22%)]. All the patients under the study were subjected to two-dimensional Bmode, M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic examinations. Mean values of various echocardiographic parameters were compared statistically across all groups. Echocardiographic parameters from healthy control groups were correlated with body weight and to establish a regression equation to standardise different echocardiographic parameters.Prevalence was more among male Labrador with age more than 5 years of age. A significant difference (P 0.5) linear correlations of echocardiographic parameters against bodyweight was detected for LVIDs, LVIDd, Ao, LVEdA4C, LVEsA4C, LMV, EDV and ESV. Whereas, statistically significant (P 0.5) linear correlations was observed between echocardiographic parameters and body weight (BW) for LVIDs, LVIDd, Ao, LVEdA4C, LVEsA4C, LMV, EDV and ESV. Whereas, statistically significant (P < 0.05) negative linear strong correlations among body weight (BW) and echocardiographic parameters was observed for RI only