Browsing by Author "SURESH KUMAR, R.V (Major)"
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ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES ON CANINE MAMMARY TUMORS(Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2009-05) VEENA, PODARALA; SURESH KUMAR, R.V (Major); Raghavender, K.B.P; CHANDRASEKHARA RAO, T.S; SRILATHA, ChABSTRACT: The present clinical study was conducted on 72 dogs with canine mammary tumors. 71 dogs were females and one dog was a male. Highest incidence of CMTs was observed in the age group of 10-12 years. Majority of the cases reported were nulliparous followed by pleuriparous and uniparous. Spitz was the most commonly affected dog breed. Inguinal pair was the most commonly affected gland. All the tumors varied widely in size ranging from 2 - 12 cms. Most of the tumors were nodular and a few were cystic in nature. All the cases with ulcerations were found to be malignant. Physiological parameters and hematological parameters were evaluated and no significant difference was found between the groups. Thoracic radiographs revealed distant metastases in 9 dogs as well defined nodules or masses (cannon balls), solitary nodule, multiple small nodules and diffuse interstitial pattern. Ultrasonography found helpful to rule out abdominal 27 metastases and to know the presence of anechoic fluid filled cystic spaces. Electron microscopic studies disclosed no viral etiology in mammary carcinogenesis. Diagnostic cytology techniques like FNAB, NAF cytology established the malignancy in tumors. C-reactive protein values and AgNOR counts differentiated the malignant tumors from the benign tumors. The mean AgNoR count for all individuals varied from 2.38 to 8.32. Histopathological examination revealed 18 benign and 54 malignant CMTs. Adenocarcinomas were the most frequently encountered malignant CMTs. Immuno histochemical studies were carried out on 24 malignant CMTs and majority of the tumors (75%) were found to have hormonal receptor positive expression. Majority of adenocarcinomas (70%) were expressing PR positivity. Proliferative markers like P53, C-erb B2 oncogene expression was studied and found in 20.83% and 25% of malignant CMTs respectively. Treatment modalities like surgical excision / chemotherapy / surgery and chemotherapy / surgery and hormonal therapy were adopted. In chemotherapy, neutropenia was observed. Lethargy, vomition, anorexia were the side effects of chemotherapy observed which subsided by administration of supportive therapy. Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide were the anti cancer drugs used in the chemotherapy. Dogs with hormonal receptor positive CMTs were given hormonal therapy with tab. Tamoxifen. In the present study a combination of surgical excision of CMTs and adjunctive hormonal therapy gave the best results with no recurrence of the tumor mass compared to the other treatment modalities. Majority of the animals had no recurrence of tumor growth. Chemotherapy along with surgical excision of CMTs gave better results with 72% of disease free interval. Surgical excision remains the best treatment modality, still unprecedented for the treatment of localized or low grade or benign tumors. Variable results and toxic side effects were recorded in the treatment of CMTs with chemotherapy alone and found to be palliative.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF CALCIUM AND SILVER NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS FOR CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING IN RABBITS(Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2011) RAVI KUMAR, P; SURESH KUMAR, R.V (Major); DHANA LAKSHMI, N; SRILATHA, ChABSTRACT : The present study was conducted on eighteen rabbits divided into three groups of six animals comprising group-I with control group of animals, group-II with calcium-silver (35:55) nanocomposite films applied animals, group-III with calcium-silver (45:45) nanocomposite films applied animals. Cutaneous wounds were created at the loin region of all the animals and the wounds were left unsutured in control group, same size nanocomposite films were cut and applied in group-II and group-III animals. These were evaluated by clinical, physiological, gross, haematological, biochemical and histological studies. Group-III animals showed early healing compared to group-I and group-II. These nanocomposite films did not alter the physiological parameters. The total erythrocyte count values showed a significant decrease followed by significant increase in group-I, significant and nonsignificant increase throughout the period of observations was seen in group-II and group-III respectively. The changes were significant among the groups on day-0, day-1 and day-2. Haemoglobin values differed significantly throughout the observation intervals in group-I and group-II. Significant difference was observed among the groups on day-0, day-1 and day-2. PCV values showed significant changes between different observation intervals in group-I and group-II but the changes were nonsignificant in group-III. The values differed significantly among the groups on day-1 and day-7. The total leucocyte count values showed a significant increase followed by significant decrease reaching almost initial value by day 14. There was a significant difference between the groups and also among the groups. In differential leucocyte count, neutrophil count and lymphocyte count showed significant difference between the groups and also among the groups. The esinophil, monocyte and basophil counts in all the groups did not show any significant changes among the groups and so also between the groups. Hydroxyproline and all trace elements showed significant changes among the groups and also between the groups with lower value on day 7 and higher value on day 14. Hexosamine values showed significant changes between the groups and also among the groups but with higher value on day 7 which were decreased on day 14. None of the animals showed a positive reaction for C- reactive protein at different periods of observations in all the groups. Early fibroplasia, vascularization and epithelialisation were noticed in group III compared to other two groups. Based on the observations in the present study it was concluded that calcium-silver nanocomposite films could be used safely for cutaneous wound healing without any adverse effects.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DIAGNOSIS OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT AFFECTIONS/DISORDERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TRACHEOBRONCHOSCOPY IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY , TIRUPATI – 517 502 (A.P) INDIA, 2007-12) VINEESH, N (Major); SURESH KUMAR, R.V (Major); SREENU, MAKKENA; VAIKUNTA RAO, VABSTRACT : The present investigation was carried out on diagnosis of respiratory tract affections/disorders with special reference to tracheobronchoscopy in dogs. Out of 623 animals that were screened, 116 dogs (33.86%) showed various respiratory problems. Among the dogs with respiratory tract disease incidence of lower respiratory tract was 54.98 per cent and upper respiratory tract was 45.02 per cent. Out of these, dogs with lower respiratory tract diseases 21 (18.10%) had tracheitis, 12 (10.34%) had haemorrhagic tracheitis, 3 (2.59%) showed tracheal collapse, 4 (3.44%) had foreign bodies in trachea, 46 (39.66%) suffered with tracheobronchitis 21 (18.10%) had bronchopneumonia and 9 (7.76%) showed metastatic lower respiratory tract lesion. No significant changes were observed in electrocardiographic studies. Based on clinical presentation cases were divided into two groups. Among them radiography as well as tracheobronchoscopic procedures conducted to diagnose different incidences. Radiography was useful in diagnosing bronchopneumonia, metastatic lesions in lungs and tracheal collapse. Tracheobronchoscopic examination revealed conditions like tracheitis, tracheobronchitis, bronchopneumonia, haemorrhagic tracheitis, foreign body in trachea and tracheal collapse. Haematological parameters viz., group II dogs showed marked neutrophilia, eosinophilia lymphocytopaenia and leucocytosis whereas no significant changes were observed in total erythrocyte counts and packed cell volume values. C-reactive protein levels significantly marked increase in the values in case of group II (affected) whereas glucose and total protein values were within normal limits. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that, enrofloxacin as sensitive antibiotic followed by gentamicin and chloramphenicol to the samples collected randomly from affected cases. The cases were effectively treated using the antibiotic based on ABST results in addition to corticosteroids, antihistaminic, antipyretics and supportive therapy.