Browsing by Author "SINGH, MAHENDRA"
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF CHLOROPHYTUM BORIVILIANUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE, HORMONES AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF CATTLE(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2020) DEVI, POOJA; SINGH, MAHENDRAThe present investigation was carried out on Chlorophytum borivilianum (CB) supplementation effect as heat stress ameliorator and immunomodulator in Tharparkar (TP) and Karan Fries (KF) cows. CB was supplemented at low (40 mg/kg bwt/day) and high dose (80 mg/kg bwt/day) during hot-humid (HH) and hot-dry (HD) season. The parameters like physiological responses, milk yield, DMI and body weight were recorded and milk composition, gene expression, hormones and energy metabolites were estimated. Second experiment was conducted during thermoneutral condition to isolate the effect of reduced DMI during HH season or high ambient temperature effect. The data on milk production performance, dry matter intake and physiological responses were recorded. THI was calculated to assess the level of heat stress on animals. Body weight of KF and TP cows during HD and HH season did not varied. CB supplementation in higher dose (80 mg/kg bwt) increased DMI (per 100 kg bwt) (p<0.01) in KF and TP cows during both the seasons, however, milk yield did not declined in HD season. The supplementation of CB in high dose increased the milk yield, milk fat, protein, plasminogen and decreased SCC in comparison to low dose. Further, ratio of SFAs:UFAs was significantly reduced (p<0.01) due to CB in both the seasons. However, higher SFAs and lower UFAs (p<0.01) were found in milk of KF cows in comparison to TP. Physiological responses viz. RR, PR, RT and skin temperatures (Forehead, neck, rear body and udder) were significantly lower (p<0.01) in TP cows in comparison to KF cows and decreased by CB treatment in both the seasons. Thermal imaging analysis of skin temperature at various sites was higher (p<0.01) in the afternoon in comparison to morning in KF and TP cows. Plasma Glucose was lower and NEFA, Urea and creatinine level was higher during both the seasons and declined at high dose than low dose. Plasma cortisol and prolactin level were higher (p<0.01) in HH than HD season in KF and TP cows. CB at higher dose reduced (p<0.01) plasma cortisol in both the breeds without affecting insulin and aldosterone levels. Plasma SOD, catalase, TBARS were higher in both the seasons in KF and TP cows and CB in high dose reduced (p<0.01) their levels and improved TAC. The CB supplementation downregulated (p<0.01) mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL1-β) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL10) in both breeds during HD and HH season. However, effect of higher dose was more (p<0.01) than lower dose. Pairfed experiment revealed no effect of adjusted DMI on milk yield in thermoneutral conditions in comparison to HH season in which milk yield and DMI declined (p<0.01) indicating adverse effect of high temperature on milk yield. It can be concluded that higher dose (80mg/kg bwt) significantly reduced plasma energy metabolites, circulatory levels of stress hormones, and augmented the immunity of crossbred and Indigenous cows by downregulating the proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in comparison to lower dose (40mg/kg bwt) without any adverse effect. Chlorophytum borivilianum @ 80mg/kg bwt could be used as effective heat stress ameliorator and immunomodulator in dairy animals.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF WHEAT-MAIZE CROPPING PATTERN ON WHEAT YIELD STABILIZATION IN DELAYED SOWING CONDITION(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) SINGH, MAHENDRA; Sapna, KumariA research entitled “Effect of wheat-maize Cropping pattern on wheat yield stabilization in delayed sowing condition” was conduct during the Rabi of 2019-20 at research farm of RPCAU, Pusa. The research was carried into SPD (Split plot design) with 2 main plot treatment and 7 subplot treatments with 3 replications. The experiment involved in main plot treatments timely sowing and delay sowing and in subplot treatments sole wheat (HD-2733), sole wheat (RG-1), sole maize, HD-2733/ maize 4:1, RG-1/maize 4:1, HD-2733/ maize 8:1, RG-1/maize 8:1. Meteorological data were recorded throughout the crop growing periods. The soil of research plot was sandy loam with normal pH, EC and organic carbon. Both the crop was sown in the experimental plot and sowing done by seed drill with seed rate 100 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha variety HD-2733, RG-1 of wheat and Pusa shaktiman of maize respectively. Only recommended dose of fertilizer (120, 60, 40 kg ha-l NPK) for wheat and (150, 70, 40 kg ha-l NPK) for maize was applied. Growth attributes i.e., plant height, no. of tillers, has showed no significant effect in main plot treatment and not influenced by sole/intercropping in subplot treatment. But dry matter production has significantly affected by both the treatments and recorded higher in timely sowing and sole wheat HD-2733. Yield attribute i.e., no. of spikes, no. of grains/spike, test weight, and grain yield has shown a significant effect in both the treatments and the maximum no. of spike recorded in timely sowing and HD-2733/maize 4:1, while no. of grain per spike recorded significantly higher in treatment timely sowing and HD2733/maize 4:1 (43.88) which was significantly superior to the sole wheat HD2733/RG-1. Test weight recorded significantly higher in treatment timely sowing and HD2733/maize 4:1 (42.51) which were significantly superior to the sole wheat HD2733/RG-1. Growing maize with wheat was found to reduce canopy temperature during grain filling stages which might be the reason for improved test weight and grain number. Grain yield significantly affected by effect of sowing and sole/intercropping and significantly maximum grain yield recorded in timely sowing and sole wheat HD2733 4031 kg ha-l. Significant variation in grain yield was found between sole cropping treatments and intercropping treatment and RG-1/maize 4:1 ratio performed better yield stabilization. Harvest index did not significantly affect by the time of sowing and sole/intercropping. Gross return, net return & BC ratio (Rs154342, Rs143804 and 1.81) and (Rs143804, 88825, and 1.62) respectively were found to be significant higher in treatments HD2733/maize 4:1 and RG-1/maize 4:1 respectively which was significantly superior compared to sole wheat HD-2733 and sole Wheat RG-1. Growth parameters of maize i.e., plant height was having showed no significant influence by the effect of sowing and sole/intercropping. But no. of cob, no. of grain per cob and no. of row per cob and grains yield has showed significant influenced by effect of sowing and sole/intercropping. Significantly higher no. of cob found in sole maize, while no. of row per cob recorded significantly superior in HD2733/4:1. LER, RCC, ATER, and Production efficiency are significantly affected by the time of sowing and sole/intercropping. Significantly higher LER, RCC and ATER recorded in HD-2733/maize 4:1 intercropping as compared to sole cropping. System productivity significantly influenced by effect of sowing and sole/intercropping and recorded significantly higher in HD2733/maize 4:1 as compared to sole crop.ThesisItem Open Access EXPRESSION OF AQUAPORINS IN MAMMARY GLAND AND SKIN OF MURRAH BUFFALOES DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2019) AJITHAKUMAR H M; SINGH, MAHENDRAPresent study experiment was conducted to determine the relative gene expression of aquaporins in different stages of buffalo mammary gland and skin tissue with heat stress. Mammary gland samples were obtained from New Delhi slaughter house during summer season. The results of the present study confirmed presence of AQP1, AQP3 and AQP5 in the mammary gland by immunolocalization and RT-PCR and AQP3 in BuMEC under in vitro studies. The relative expression of AQP3 in BuMEC was significantly higher (P<0.01) due to hyperosmotic stress 7% lactose over the 5% lactose, heat (42 oC) and NaCl treatment. Experiment 2 on restricted (twice a day) and ad lib (5 times a day) water intake on AQP gene expression (AQP3 and AQP5) in Murrah buffaloes during summer season revealed water Intake, plasma Na, ADH and ANG II was significantly (p<0.01) higher in ad lib feeding group as compared to restricted water intake. Experiment 3 on lactating Murrah buffaloes during hot dry and hot humid season indicated increase in DMI, body weight, milk production and fat content (p<0.01) by using with mist and fan cooling in hot dry season and fan cooling in hot humid season due to treatment by decreasing values of physiological responses. Plasma sodium concentration was significantly (p<0.01) higher cooling group as compared to control group buffaloes. Mist and fan downregulated (p<0.01) AQP3 and AQP5 gene expressions during hot dry season, however expression was upregulated in fan provided group in hot humid season. Plasma ADH, ANG II was lower (p<0.01) and ALD was higher in mist and fan group. It was concluded that higher expression of AQPs ( AQP1, AQP3 and AQP5) in lactating mammary gland tissue regulate milk secretion further hyperosmotic stress of lactose was more potent to induce AQP3 expression in BuMEC. Increasing THI upregulates the relative mRNA expression of AQP3 and AQP5. The relative lower expression of AQP3 and AQP5 mRNA in the mist and fan treatment group as compared to control during hot dry season indicated stress on animals and there by high expression occurred to cope up with the heat stress. The lower expression of AQP3 and AQP5 indicated lower evaporative loss at high humidity in control as compared to fan treatment group.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL HUMIDITY INDEX ON MILK PRODUCTION, ITS COMPOSITION AND PLASMA BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN COWS(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2018) MAURYA, SABHYATA; SINGH, MAHENDRAThesisItem Open Access IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL HUMIDITY INDEX ON MILK PRODUCTION, ITS COMPOSITION AND PLASMA BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN COWS(ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2018) MAURYA, SABHYATA; SINGH, MAHENDRAThesisItem Open Access ON VITRO STUDIES ON THE EFFECCT CANNINS OF PIPLE LEABES(FICUS CELIGIOSA)AND SAL SEEDS (SHORA LOBUSTA) AND ADDED CANNIC ACID ON VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS PRODUCTION BY GOATS RUMEN MICRO OCGANISMS(BIHAR VETERINARY COLLEGE, 1972-02-24) SINGH, MAHENDRA; MUKHERJEE, D.B.; YADAVA, R.C.PThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF TRACTORIZED CULTIVATION IN SIDH DISTRICT OF KY MORE PLATEAU MP(JNKVV,JABALPUR, 1993) BAGHEL, A.S.; SINGH, MAHENDRA