Browsing by Author "SHRIKANT KULKARNI"
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIETARY BETAINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND MILK YIELD IN DEONI COWS DURING SUMMER(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) INDRALE UTPALA; SHRIKANT KULKARNIThe present study was conducted to assess effects of dietary betaine supplementation on physio-biochemical profile, anti-oxidant parameters, hormonal profile and milk composition in lactating Deoni cows during summer stress. The study was carried out at LRIC, Deoni farm, Bidar during summer season (April-May) for a period of 8 weeks. Ten lactating cows were randomly divided into control and treatment group with five in each group. Control group was fed basal diet alone. For the treatment group, basal diet was supplemented with anhydrous betaine hydrochloride @ 15 grams per cow per day in the diet during the study period. In respiration and heart rate there were no significant differences noted, rectal temperatures were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in treatment group. TEC, Hb. PCV values revealed significant increase at 4th,6th and 8th weeks of the study. Whereas, Lymphocyte % were significantly higher and neutrophils were significantly lower in treatment group at 2nd,4th ,6th ,8th and 6th ,8th weeks respectively. The bio-chemical parameters viz., plasma glucose and total protein levels were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) whereas plasma cholesterol levels were lowered at 8th weeks, triglyceride levels and blood urea nitrogen were significantly (P < 0.05) lower at 6th and 8th weeks respectively. Anti-oxidant profile revealed significant (P <0.05) decrease in plasma lipid peroxidation activity and significant (P< 0.05) increase in the mean plasma SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in treatment group at 6th and 8th weeks respectively. Hormonal profile revealed that the treatment group had significantly (P< 0.05) higher T3 at 8th weeks, T4 at 6th and 8th weeks and lower plasma cortisol levels at 4th,6thand 8th weeks respectively compared to control group. Milk parameters revealed significant (P< 0.05) increase in milk yield at 4th,5th,6th,7th and 8thand milk composition including SNF, milk protein, lactose at 7th and 8th weeks respectively compared to control group during study period. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that supplementation of betaine is economically beneficial with increased milk yield and composition as well as it was found to ameliorate the ill effects of summers stress through improved physio-biochemical data in our study in betaine supplemented group.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF QUERCETIN AND LYCOPENE ON HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN BROILERS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) RAVIKANTH; SHRIKANT KULKARNIAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of quercetin and lycopene on hematological, biochemical, antioxidant and growth parameters in broilers. Day old commercial broiler chicks (80 Nos) were reared commonly and given similar managemental inputs during acclimatization period of two weeks. On 15th day the broilers were divided randomly and equally into four groups. Group I (Control) provided with basal diet, in Group II basal diet were supplemented with quercetin @ 100 mg/ kg of diet, in Group III basal diet were supplemented with lycopene @ 100 mg/ kg of diet and in Group IV basal diet were supplemented with quercetin @ 50 mg/ kg + lycopene @ 50 mg/ kg of diet. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals till the end of the experiment. Haematological, biochemical, antioxidant and growth parameters were measured as per standard protocol. The results showed that the supplementation of quercetin and lycopene significantly (P˂ 0.05) increased Hb, PCV, SOD, GSH-Px levels; significantly (P˂ 0.05) decreased Heterophil (%), Heterophil/Lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, MDA, Cholesterol and Creatinine levels during last week of the study. There was significant (P˂ 0.05) increase in TEC, Catalase and Body weight values; significant (P˂ 0.05) decrease in triglycerides and BUN values during last two weeks of the study. There was marked improvement in body weight gain, feed intake, FCR and Dressing percentage. However, treatments showed no significant (P˃ 0.05) difference in the values of MCV, MCH, MCHC, TLC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils, Glucose, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin and A/G ratio during the study period. It is concluded that the supplementation of quercetin, lycopene and their combination in the diet of broilers have positive influence on heamoto-biochemical, antioxidant and growth parametersThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DIETARY BETAINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE, MILK YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN DEONI COWS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-03) SONABAI KONDIBA; SHRIKANT KULKARNIA study was conducted to assess effects of dietary betaine supplementation on haemato-biochemical profile, milk yield and composition, SCC, biochemical characteristics in lactating Deoni cows. Twelve lactating cows were randomly divided into control and treatment group with six in each group. Control group was fed basal diet alone whereas treatment group was supplemented with anhydrous betaine hydrochloride @ 15 g/ day in the diet during the study period of 8 week in addition to basal diet. The average daily milk yield improved significantly (P<0.05) in treatment group from 5th week; milk fat and solids not fat from 3rd week of after supplementing betaine. There was no significant difference in milk lactose level between two groups during the study period. Somatic cell count in the milk declined significantly (P<0.05) in betaine supplemented Deoni cows from 4th week of study. There was no difference between two groups in TEC, Hb, PCV and TLC. Percentages of lymphocytes were significantly higher and that of neutrophils were lower in treatment group as compared to control. The concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and BUN were significantly (P<0.05)decreased from 4th week and total proteins increased from 2nd week of betaine supplementation in lactating Deoni cows. There were no significant differences in plasma electrolytes in betaine supplemented groups compared to control, although plasma sodium and potassium were numerically higher and chloride levels were numerically lower when compared to control group. It can be concluded that dietary betaine supplementation to lactating Deoni cows enhances milk yield and improves milk composition and udder health.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SHORT AND LONG TERM APPLICATION OF PROGESTERONE SPONGES IN COMBINATION WITH GnRH FOR ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN MANDYA SHEEP(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) AMIT; SHRIKANT KULKARNIA study was carried out for evaluating short- and long-term application of progesterone sponges in combination with PGF2α and GnRH for estrus synchronization in Mandya sheep. 30 ewes are divided in two equal groups (15 ewes in each group) namely short-term progesterone treatment group (protocol 1, intravaginal progesterone sponge for 5 days following PGF2α injection and GnRH injection) and long-term progesterone treatment group (protocol 2, intravaginal progesterone sponge for 12 days following PGF2α injection and GnRH injection). In the current study estrus response, conception rates, lambing percentage on total ewe basis, lambing percentage on estrus basis, lambing percentage on tupping basis, twinning rate, lamb birth weight and sex ratio in protocol 1 and 2 were 21.33 and 24.83 hours, 53.33 and 60%, 53.33 and 60%, 88.88 and 75%, 80 and 75%, nil in both, 1.95 and 1.96 kg and 4:4 and 5:4 ratio respectively. There was no significant difference observed in serum glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and serum urea nitrogen between the Protocol 1 and 2. However, there was significant (P ˂ 0.05) difference observed within the protocols. There were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher estrogen values at day of lambing and at day of estrus/mating compared to all other stages of study both in Protocol 1 and Protocol 2. However, significantly lower serum progesterone levels were noted at the day of estrus in both the protocols compared to all other stages of study. There was no significant (P˃ 0.05) difference in serum estrogen and progesterone levels between the Protocols. Key words: Estrus response, Long term, Mandya ewe, Progesterone sponge, Short term.ThesisItem Open Access PREVALENCE, DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF CEPHALOSPORINS AGAINST CLINICAL MASTITIS IN BUFFALOES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCE'SUNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585226, 2018-07) POOJA HATTI; N. A. PATIL; VIVEK R. KASARALIKAR; SHRIKANT KULKARNIThe study was undertaken to know the prevalence of clinical mastitis, clinical and haemato-biochemical changes in the clinical mastitis affected buffaloes, comparative evaluation of CMT and EC and to evaluate the efficacy of different cephalosporin preparation against clinical mastitis in buffaloes. The overall prevalence of clinical mastitis in buffaloes was 5.45 per cent in the present study. Age wise prevalence of mastitis was highest in 6-8 years age group buffaloes. Season wise prevalence revealed higher prevalence of mastitis during rainy season. Quarter wise prevalence showed higher prevalence of mastitis in hind quarters and single quarter involvement was higher than the multiple quarters. Clinical parameters viz, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate showed significantly higher values in clinical mastitis affected than the healthy control buffaloes. Haematology revealed significantly higher values of TLC and no significant changes in Hb, TEC and PCV. Differential leucocyte count revealed higher granulocytes and lower lymphocyte count in clinical mastitis affected buffaloes. Among the diagnostic tests used CMT was found to have the highest accuracy (79.17 %) followed by EC (73.61 %). The predominant bacteria in affected milk samples were Staphalococcus spp. followed by Streptococcus spp. and E. coli. In antibiotic sensitivity assay, the sensitivity was highest with Gentamicin (77.78 %). Among Cephalosporin preparations, Cefquinome was found most efficacious in the treatment of clinical mastitis in buffaloes.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL CASES OF BOVINE MASTITIS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2012-05) SUNDARESHAN, S.; Y. HARI BABU; BASAVARAJ AWATI; VIVEK R. KASARALIKAR; SHRIKANT KULKARNI; SHRIKRISHNA ISLOORThe present study was carried out with the objective of isolation, identification and study of antimicrobial resistance patterns of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) associated with bovine mastitis. In all, 313 bovine milk samples collected from different organized/ unorganized sectors were screened for subclinical mastitis (SCM) by somatic cell count, electrical conductivity test, California mastitis test and bromo thymol blue strip tests. These tests revealed SCM status at 42.8% and 48.2%, 21.4% and 26.8%, respectively. On processing all the samples for isolation, a total of 152 CoNS isolates including 14 isolates from clinical mastitis samples (n=42) were obtained. Biochemical characterization of the isolates by HiStaph™ Identification Kit revealed S. arlettae, S. fleurettii, S. equorum and S. epidermidis as predominant CoNS species in SCM cases. Further, these isolates were subjected to two-tube multiplex PCR targeting gap/rpoB/sodA genes for species level identification, subsequent to the confirmation at genus level by the partial amplification of tuf gene. Of the 10 species targeted by m PCR, S. epidermidis, S. chromogenes and S. sciuri were the major CoNS detected. Coagulase negative variants of S. aureus were also detected by S. aureus specific triplex PCR. The overall agreement between phenotype- and genotype-based speciation of CoNS was only 11%. Antibiogram studies of CoNS isolates revealed highest resistance to oxacillin/ methicillin, followed by ceftriaxone with sulbactum/ tazobactum, penicillin G and aminopenicillins. Highest sensitivity was recorded for chloramphenicol followed by enrofloxacin and gentamicin. Another multiplex PCR to detect antibiotic resistance genes and coa gene revealed mecA, aacA-D and aph3'-IIIa genes in 10, 15 and 5 isolates, respectively. Coa gene was detected only in 15 of the 19 coagulase negative S. aureus isolates. The two-tube multiplex PCR assay developed in the present study is an easy and rapid method to simultaneously detect the ten major CoNS prevailing in bovine mastitis.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE AGAINST STRONGYLOSIS IN GOATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2017-08) YASHODA RATHOD; VIVEK R. KASARALIKAR; N. A. PATIL; RAVINDRA B. G.); SHRIKANT KULKARNI; SUNILCHANDRA UThe present study was undertaken to know the prevalence, haematobiochemical changes and to assess anthelmintic resistance in strongylosis of goats. In Retrospective study, the overall clinical prevalence of strongylosis was 6.64 per cent whereas a point prevalence of 34.54 per cent was recorded among the gastroenteritis cases during the period of April 2016 - March 2017. A prevalence of 48 per cent was recorded in farm study which was 10 per cent in organised farms and 86 per cent in unorganised farms. Clinical study showed higher prevalence in the goats aged between 1-3 years (51.32%) with higher disease frequency in females (85.53%). The prevalence was highest in less than one year age group (42.71%) with higher disease frequency in females (83.33%) under farm study. Highest prevalence was observed in the month of June (18.29%). Pale conjunctival mucous membranes, emaciation, inappatence and diarrhoea with foul smelling faeces were prominent clinical signs observed. Haemato-biochemical changes revealed anaemia, increased total leucocyte count with eosinophilia and decreased levels of total proteins, albumin, A: G ratio, serum glucose and elevated levels of globulin and SGOT on the day of presentation in all the goats affected with strongylosis. Among Fenbendazole, Ivermectin and Levamisole used for treatment of strongylosis in goats, Levamisole was found to be effective in eliminating strongyles in goats with higher faecal egg count percentage of 96.85 per cent where as, FECR less than 90 per cent with fenbendazole (85.36%) and ivermectin (88.90%) suggestive of developing resistance in strongylosis of goats in and around Bidar.