Browsing by Author "Richard Churchil, R"
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ArticleItem Open Access Ameliorative effects of Phyllanthus niruri on production performance of Guinea fowls raised with aflatoxin contaminated feed(2020) Thanabal, C; Ramamurthy, N; Richard Churchil, R; Tensingh Gnanaraj, P; Preedaa, Manju G; TANUVASThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of aflatoxin and protective role of Phyllanthus niruri herb against the effect of aflatoxin on production performances (Viz. Body weight, Body weight gain, Feed intake, Feed efficiency and Livability) of Guinea fowls. A total of 270 day old keets were divided into six groups (45 chicks each) as following: The T1 Control (without Aflatoxin), T2 (diet with 1 PPM aflatoxin B1), T3 (diet with 2 PPM aflatoxin B1), T4 (diet with 1% herb powder alone), T5 (1 PPM aflatoxin B1 and 1% herb powder) and T6 (2 PPM aflatoxin B1 and 1% herb powder). The results revealed that the inclusion of Aflatoxin B1 (2 ppm) level adversely affected the bodyweight, weight gain and feed efficiency at fortnight during experimental period. Inclusion of 1 ppm aflatoxin B1 in diet does not influence the production parameters. Supplementation of 1 percent Phyllanthus niruri herb powder to control diet caused significant depression in the weekly body weight, Weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency. Inclusion of 1 percent Phyllanthus niruri herb powder in the aflatoxin B1 (2 ppm) supplemented diet significantly counteracted the toxin effects of aflatoxin B1 on final body weight, weight gain and feed efficiency at 12th week of age. In conclusion, Guinea fowl production performance was not affected up to 1 ppm level aflatoxin B1 contamination in diet and the negative effects of aflatoxin B1 at 2 ppm level in production performance of Guinea fowls was improved by supplementation of 1 percent Phyllanthus niruri herbal powder on diet.ArticleItem Open Access Bacterial Pathogens in Chicken Meat: Review(2014-07) Bhaisare, Darshana B.; Thyagarajan, D; Richard Churchil, R; Punniamurthy, N; TANUVASAbstract: Chicken is a nutritious, healthy food which is low in fat and cholesterol compared to other meats but an excellent source of protein. Meat must be of a high microbiological quality in order to ensure that the consumer receives a product that is not spoilt or does not carry food-borne disease. Food borne diseases associated with the consumption of poultry meat and its processed products are of public health significance worldwide. This paper reviewed information on the sources of microbial contamination, contamination of poultry with major pathogenic microorganisms, the consequences of this contamination to human health, prevalence of microbes in poultry meat and products in the world and in India.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of dietary inclusion of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) on production performance of broiler chicken(2009) Balaji, K; Jalaludeen, A; Richard Churchil, R; Peethambaran, PA; Senthilkumar, S; TANUVASAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of sun dried and ground Azolla (Azolla pinnata) on production performance of broiler chicken. The study was conducted for a period of six weeks with 160, day-old commercial broiler chicks. The chicks were divided into four treatments with four replicates of ten chicks each. The treatment 1 (T1) was control with standard broiler ration and dried Azolla powder was supplemented in the basal diet at 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 per cent levels to form treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4), respectively . The chemical composition of sun dried and ground Azolla meal contained 24.5% crude protein, 14.9% crude fibre, 3.7% ether extract, 17.0% total ash and 39.90% NFE on DM basis. Results of the present study revealed that supplementation of dried Azolla did not influence final body weight of broilers. The feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency up to sixth week of age did not reveal any significant difference among treatments. The per cent dressed yield, eviscerated yield and ready-to-cook yield in broilers were not influenced by dietary supplementation of dried Azolla. The per cent giblet yield of birds fed with 4.5% Azolla (T4) was significantly higher (P=0.05) than control and other treatments. It was concluded that dietary inclusion of dried Azolla up to 4.5% levels did not have any adverse effect on production performance of broiler chicken.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Esterified Glucomannan in Amelioration of Aflatoxin Induced Microscopic Changes in Broiler Chicks(2014-10) Richard Churchil, R; Ezhil Praveena, P; Maldhure, Nitin A.; TANUVASA biological experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of esterified glucomannan in counteracting aflatoxicosisin broiler chicks. The chicks were given aflatoxin (AF) free diet oraflatoxin (1ppm) containing diet or aflatoxin (1ppm) with esterified glucomannan (EG, 0.1%) containing diet continuously from day-old to six weeks of age. At the end of the study, the liver, kidneys, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were collected for histopathological studies. Microscopically, the liver of the AF fed broilers showed fatty change, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and the cellular infiltration around the portal triads and blood vessels. Kidneys of AF intoxicated birds revealed degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelial cells along with cellular infiltration, congestion and haemorrhages in the parenchyma, severe fatty change and mild infiltration of lymphoid cells in the interstitial spaces. In spleen, congestion, multifocal areas of haemorrhages and mild lymphocytic activity of periarteriolar lymphatic tissue with increased number of histiocytes were observed in AF fed birds. Mild to moderate degree of congestion, increased number of histiocytes with heterophil infiltration, connective tissue proliferation, sparse cellularity of the follicles with presence of large number of histiocytes containing cellular debris were observed in bursa of Fabricius of AF treated birds. Feeding of EG along with AF showed milder bile duct hyperplasia and hypertrophy in liver and lowered the severity of tubular necrosis in kidneys. However, supplementation of EG has no recognizable counteracting effect on histopathology of spleen. Moderate degree of lymphoid hyperplasia in bursa of Fabricius in broilers receiving both AF and EG compared to AF alone treated group is indicative of ameliorative action of EG.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Production Performances and Carcass Traits of Nandanam Broiler-2(Excellent Publishers, 2019) Sangilimadan, K; Richard Churchil, R; Premavalli, K; Omprakash, AV; TANUVASA study was conducted to the effect of garlic with two different levels on the growth performances and carcass characteristics of NandanamBroiler-2. A total of 84 day old NandanamBroiler-2 chicks were randomly allotted into three treatments with two replicates which contained 14 chicks in each replicate for 8 weeks experimental period. The dietary treatments were formulated as a control (T1), 0.25 % (T2), 0.50% (T3) garlic paste with basal diet. The data on production parameters like weekly body weight, feed consumption and mortality were recorded. At the end of the 8 weeks of age, six birds (3male and 3 female) were randomly selected and subjected to slaughter studies to determine the carcass characteristics. The birds supplemented with 0.25 % garlic paste (T2) had significantly higher body weight, better feed efficiency and livability compared to control (T1). However, no significant difference was observed in terms of carcass traits in this experiment. The dietary supplementation of 0.5% garlic (T3) resulted in significant (P<0.01) improvement in terms of thigh yield as compared to T1 and T2. On the other hand, significant (P<0.01) improvement in wing yield was noticed with dietary supplementation of 0.25% garlic (T2) as compared to T1 and T3. It can be concluded that garlic paste supplementation at the level of 0.25% in the diet of coloured broilers can result in substantial improvements in production performances.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Phytobiotics Supplementation on Carcass Characteristics of Nandanam Broiler 3 Chicken(2020-05) Sangilimadan, K; Richard Churchil, R; Premavalli, K; Selvan, ST; Omprakash, AV; TANUVASA study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phytobiotics on carcass characteristics of Nandanam broiler-3 chicken. A total of 120 day-old Nandanam broiler-3 chicks were randomly allotted into four treatments with three replicates each 10 chicks. The dietary treatments were formulated as control fed with basal diet (T1) and basal diet supplemented with 0.50 % ginger powder (T2) or garlic paste (T3) or turmeric powder (T4). At the end of 8 weeks of age, six birds (3 males and 3 females) were randomly selected and subjected to slaughter studies to determine the carcass characteristics. The results indicated that digestive stimulant effect of turmeric (T4) had resulted in increased per cent eviscerated (63.71%) and ready-to cook (69.71%) weights which is followed by other treatment groups (T2 and T3) compared to control (T1). The per cent cut-parts of breast, back, thigh and wings were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T4 compared to other treatment groups. Significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in per cent head, gizzard and intestine length (cm) among the treatments. There was no significant difference observed in per cent blood, feather, shank, liver, heart and giblets. There was no significant difference observed on drumstick and neck parts also.ArticleItem Open Access Fertility and Hatchability of Indigenous Siruvidai Chicken of Tamil Nadu(2020-08) Jamima, J; Richard Churchil, R; Srinivasan, G; TANUVASSiruvidai and Peruvidai chicken are the major indigenous chicken ecotypes of Tamil Nadu state, India. A study was conducted to assess the fertility and hatchability of Siruvidai chicken hatching eggs incubated in a homestead incubator. The fertility, hatchability and embryonic mortality were recorded. The eggs failed to hatch out were break opened to determine the stage of embryonic mortality. The average fertility rate ranged from 85.00 to 91.67% in different hatches with the average value of 88.41%. The hatchability on total egg set ranged from 81.71 to 85.87% and the overall mean was 84.19; whereas the hatchability on fertile egg set ranged between 92.73 and 98.75 with the mean value of 95.28%. The breakopen study of unhatched eggs revealed 2.57% early embryonic mortality (range: 1.25 – 3.64%), 0.84% mid embryonic mortality (range: 0.00 to 1.82%) and 1.31% of late embryonic mortality including dead in shell (range: 0.00 to 2.11%). The total embryonic mortality was 4.72% with the values ranging from 1.25 to 7.27%. The results indicated good reproductive performance of indigenous Siruvidai chicken and efficient hatching of its eggs when homestead incubator is used.ArticleItem Open Access Nutritional Interventions to Improve Breast Meat Yield in Broilers – Review(TANUVAS, 2019) Kanagaraju, P; Rathnapraba, S; Richard Churchil, R; Madhan Kumar, N; Swapnil, Survase; TANUVASBroilers are mainly reared for meat purpose throughout the world and the industry now focusing mainly toward processing. Hence, much of the selection pressure is applied to improve the growth rate and carcass yield, with a significant increase in breast muscle. The increasing demand for white meat and the continuous improvement in genetic potential of commercial broiler lines has resulted in important changes in the nutritional management of broilers. Numerous factors affecting breast meat and it can be broadly divided into nutritional and non-nutritional. Among non-nutritional factors genetic factors, management including feeding and lighting management affect breast meat yield. Nutritional factors such as protein: energy ratio, amino acids particularly threonine, arginine, methionine, lysine and total sulphur containing amino acids are playing a major role. Apart from this, amino acid interactions such as dietary Lysine X Methionine and Lysine X Threonine are important to optimize meat accretion particularly breast region. Betaine along with methionine increased breast meat yield in broilers than when they fed alone. Chelated trace mineral improves breast meat yield due to improved general bird health and greater bioavailability, resulting in fewer nutrients being directed to immune function and more being available for muscle deposition. Pellet and crumbles are having a positive effect on breast meat yield in broilers. Information regarding factors affecting breast meat yield in broiler production can improve the quality of broiler.ArticleItem Open Access Production performance of Nandanam chicken 4 in Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu(2020-07) Vasanthakumar, T; Hudson, GH; Richard Churchil, R; TANUVASProduction performance of Nandanam chicken 4 was evaluated at Poultry unit, Instructional Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Thanjavur. At the end of 72 weeks of age the average egg weight (g), percent hen day egg production, percent hen housed egg production and percent mortality were 49.28±0.26, 53.14, 47.19 and 14.44 respectively. The present study revealed that the total hen day and hen housed egg production of Nandanam Chicken 4 is 193 and 172 eggs / hen / year. The better production performance of Nandanam Chicken 4 may favour the farmers in Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu to improve their livelihood and nutritional security.ArticleItem Open Access Qualitative and Morphometric Characters of Aseel Male Chicken(2019-01) Richard Churchil, R; Jamima, J; Machindra, Yadav Sunil, et al.; TANUVASA study was conducted at department of Poultry science, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai to record the qualitative characters of Aseel male chicken and to measure the biometric Characters of the birds. The skin, shank and eye colour were yellow and the colour was red in all the birds (100%). Sixty per cent of bird had red ear lobe and remaining 40% had pinkish red ear lobe. The comb type was ‘Pea’ in 80% of the birds, while it was ‘Rose’ in the remaining birds (20%). The beak colour was either brownish yellow (60%) or blackish yellow (40%). None of the birds had wattles (0%). The mean values of body weight (kg), beak length (cm), comb height (cm), shank length (cm), spur length (cm), body girth (cm), wing span (cm), keel bone length (cm), breast angle (degree), height of bird (cm) and body length (cm) were 1.87, 2.92, 0.96, 7.84, 2.10, 31.60, 75.00, 12.52, 30.80, 44.70 and 53.80 respectively. Keywords