Browsing by Author "Rathnapraba, S"
Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ArticleItem Open Access Detection and Molecular Characterization of Food Borne Pathogens from Ready to Eat Meat and Milk Products(2020-05) Rathnapraba, S; Shathish Sharma, BJ; Kanagaraju, P; Meignanalakshmi, S; Manoharan, S; TANUVASFoodborne illness still remains a major threat to public health. Among the various pathogens causing food borne outbreaks, Salmonella sps, Stapylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter sps have been incriminated for majority of outbreak cases. Now – a – days consumption of minimally processed ready to eat (RTE) food products increases the risk of food borne diseases. The aim of the present investigation was to detect the presence of FSSAI notified six food pathogens from ready to eat food products. A total of 250 samples (including milk, milk products, meat and meat products) were screened for the presence of food-borne bacterial pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Streptococcus sp and Salmonella sp on selective medium. Further, culture positive colonies were screened by colony morphology, gram staining, biochemical analysis and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus spp. The results revealed that the Staphylococcus aureus had 100% resistant against Vancomycin, Methicillin and Penicillin antibiotics and Bacillus cereus isolates had 100% resistant against Vancomycin and Penicillin antibiotics and 100% sensitive towards Methicillin. Whereas the Streptococcus sp. shows 100% resistant against Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin. The prevalence of multidrug resistant pathogenic isolates in ready to eat food products may act as potential source of foodborne intoxication under favourable conditions which need to be addressed.PresentationItem Open Access Detection and molecular characterization of food borne pathogens from ready to eat meat and milk products(2020-02) Shathish Sharma, BJ; Saranya, S; Rathnapraba, S; Meignanalakshmi, S; et al.; TANUVASFoodborne illness still remains a major threat to public health. Among the thirty different pathogens causing food borne outbreaks, Salmonella sps, Stapylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter sps have been incriminated for large majority of outbreak cases. Now – a – days consumption of minimally processed ready to eat (RTE) food products increases the risk of food borne diseases. The aim of the present investigation was to detect the presence of FSSAI notified six food pathogens from ready to eat food products. A total of 250 samples (including milk, milk products, meat and meat products) were screened for the presence of food-borne bacterial pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Streptococcus sp and Salmonella sp on selective medium. Further, culture positive colonies were screened by colony morphology, gram staining, biochemical analysis and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analysis was performed for the 13 isolates including 8 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 5 isolates of Bacillus cereus and 3 isolates of Streptococcus. A total of 11 Staphylococcus aureus and 5 Bacillus cereus isolates from meat products were sequence analysed and submitted to Genbank. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus spp. The results revealed that the Staphylococcus aureus had 100% resistant against Vancomycin, Methicillin and Penicillin antibiotics andBacillus cereus isolates had 100% resistant against Vancomycin and Penicillin antibiotics and 100% sensitive towards Methicillin. Whereas the Streptococcus sp. shows 100% resistant against Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin. Hence, these results indicate that the ready to eat food products can act as significant source of antibiotic resistance microbial strains.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Chicken IgM and its Application in Immunity Studies(TANUVAS, 2000) Rathnapraba, S; TANUVAS; Thiagarajan, V; Raj, G. Dhinakar; Nachimuthu, KArticleItem Open Access Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic and BMD on the growth performance of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis(Akinik Publications, 2018-05) Rathnapraba, S; Kanagaraju, P; Vijayarani, K; TANUVASA challenging study was carried out for the period of 35 d to investigate the bioefficacy of probiotic and bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on growth performance and intestinal health against C. perfringens induced necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers. 500 day old broiler chicks (Cobb 400) were divided into five treatment groups, each with 5 replicates of 20 birds each using a completely randomized design. The treatments were an uninfected control (T1), an infected control (T2), an infected group supplemented with probiotic at 500 g/tone of feed (T3), containing 2×1010 cfu/kg, an infected group supplemented with BMD at 500 g/tone of feed (T4) and an infected group supplemented with probiotic + BMD each at 500 g/tone of feed (T5). Necrotic enteritis was induced in the broilers by oral inoculation of 30,000 sporulated Eimeria necatrix oocysts on day 14 followed by Clostridium perfringens (MTCC No. 450, MTCC, Chandigarh) inoculation 1.0 mL (108 cfu/mL) on day 19 to 21 in group T3, T4 and T5. The data were recorded and analyzed by using SPSS software. The result indicated that the infected group revealed ballooning of the intestine, thickened mucosa and turkey towel appearance on postmortem examination. Probiotic supplementation significantly (p<0.05) increased weight gain on par with uninfected control group. The feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in challenged group. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (p<0.05) superior in probiotic+BMD supplemented group and worst in an infected group. It was observed that probiotic either alone or in combination with BMD improved ileal villi length by 9.41% and 10.03% respectively when compared with infected group. Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens counts (log CFU/g digesta) in duodenal contents were significantly (p<0.01) reduced in probiotic (T3) and probiotic+BMD (T5) supplemented groups compared with other groups. From this study, we can conclude that the supplementation of either probiotic or BMD at 500g/tone of feed had positive effect on the growth performance of commercial broilers.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of early post-hatch feeding on the production performance of commercial broiler chicken(Akinik Publications, 2018-03) Kanagaraju, P; Babu, M; Rathnapraba, S; Machindra, Yadav Sunil; TANUVASA biological experiment was carried out to study the effect of early chick nutritional supplements (ECNS) with 600 day old straight run broiler chicks from a single hatch, individually weighed, wing banded and randomly allotted into five treatments with four replicates of 30 chicks each. One of the following early chick nutritional supplement viz., Control (No ECNS, T1), Egg white protein-glucose based ECNS (EWPG, T2), Corn-soybean and fish meal based ECNS without steaming (CSF WOS, T3), Steamed corn-soyabean and fish meal based ECNS (CSF WS, T4), Commercial broiler pre-starter diet as ECNS (CBPSD, T5) was offered to each one of the treatment chicks immediately after hatch in the hatcher tray and continued till placing the chicks in the chick transport box except control (T1) which was subjected to fasting for 24 hours to simulate field conditions. The data on hatch weight, chick transit weight loss, early chick mortality, day old to six week body weight and weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio at biweekly interval and livability were recorded and analyzed. The results of the study revealed that the ECNS feeding had significantly (P<0.01) improved sixth week body weight and weight gain than the birds reared on the control diet. The biweekly cumulative feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR) up to six weeks of age were not significantly affected between the treatments. ECNS feeding improved the productive performance and livability in broilers.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of In-ovo Supplementation of Vital Nutrients on the Production Performance and Serum Biochemistry of Commercial Broiler Chicken(2017-12) Kanagaraju, P; Rathnapraba, S; TANUVASAn experiment was conducted at the Poultry Research Station of Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India to study the effect of in ovo injection of glucose, glutamine and egg white protein (EWP) on the production performance and serum biochemistry of broilers. On the 18th day of incubation, of total 500 eggs, keeping 100 eggs as control (T1), the remaining 400 eggs were grouped in to four each containing 100 eggs. They were randomly selected for injecting with normal saline (T2) or normal saline containing 5 % glucose (T2) or 0.4 % glutamine (T3) or 12% egg white protein (T4) or 5 % glucose + glutamine 0.4 % + egg white protein 12% (T5). A pin head size hole was made just below the air cell and 0.5 ml of (in ovo injection) nutrient solution was injected into the amnion using a insulin syringe with 31G needle (0.25 mm x 8 mm).The hole was sealed and the period of incubation was completed. After hatching, 400 chicks (80 chicks selected from each in ovo fed group) were randomized in to 5 treatments of 4 replicates with 20 chicks each. Data on hatchability, hatchling weight, body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, FCR, liveability and liver glycogen, serum glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. Results revealed that in ovo injection of glucose or egg white protein resulted in significant (P<0.05) increases in the hatchability, chick weight, body weight, FCR, liveability and liver glycogen, serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations. However, the feed consumption was significantly (P<0.01) increased in Glucose injected groups, sham and control as compared to other groups. In ovo injection of glucose or EWP either alone or in combination improved the productive performance of the broilers.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of replacing synthetic DL-methionine with herbal methionine on the production performance of commercial broilers(2019) Kanagaraju, p; Rathnapraba, S; TANUVASA biological experiment was carried out for 6 weeks at the Poultry Research Station, TANUVAS, Chennai, India to investigate the effect of replacing synthetic DL-methionine by herbal methionine at different levels on the production performance of commercial broilers. 300 day-old broiler chicks (Cobb400) were assigned randomly in to five treatment groups each with six replicates of 10 birds each and fed with one of the following experimental diets viz., Control basal diet (T1), basal diet was supplemented with DL Methionine @ 2 Kg/tonne of feed (T2), DL Methionine1.33 Kg + herbal methionine @ 0.67 Kg/tonne of feed (T3), DL-methionine1Kg + herbal methionine 1Kg/tonne of feed (T4), DL-methionine 0.67 Kg + herbal methionine @ 1.33 Kg/tonne of feed (T5). The birds were provided with feed (BIS 2007) and water ad libitum. Data were recorded and analyzed by one-way ANOVA procedure of SPSS software. Results revealed that the body weight was significantly (P≤0.01) increased at 50 and 67% replacement of DL–Methionine. Feed consumption was significantly affected by the herbal methionine. DL-methionine at 67% replacement by herbal methionine significantly (P≤0.05) improved feed conversion ratio in broilers. Serum methionine and cysteine levels were significantly (P≤0.05) increased in groups in which DL-methionine was replaced by herbal methionine 50 and 67% level. Supplementation of herbal methionine had significant (P≤0.05) effect on relative weight of liver, gizzard, and heart however the length of intestine was not affected. Similarly carcass traits and sensory quality of the meat were not affected by dietary treatments. Herbal methionine at 50 and 67% replacement levels improved livability and reduced cost of production per kg of live weight in broilers.ArticleItem Open Access Evaluation of the Probiotic Mixture and Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate Supplementation on Intestinal Health of Clostridium perfringens Induced Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens(2021-02) Rathnapraba, S; TANUVASAn experiment was carried out to investigate the efficacy of probiotic GalliproTect® and bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on improving intestinal health against C.perfringens induced necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers. Five hundred 500 day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 400) were divided into five treatment groups, each with five replicates of 20 chicks each by following a completely randomized design. The treatments were an uninfected control (T1), an infected control (T2), an infected group supplemented with probiotic GalliproTect®at 500 g/tone of feed (T3), containing 2×1010 cfu/g, an infected group supplemented with BMD at 500 g/tone of feed (T4) and an infected group supplemented with probiotic + BMD each at 500 g/tone of feed (T5). Necrotic enteritis was induced in the broilers by oral inoculation of 30,000 sporulated Eimeria necatrix oocysts on day 14 followed by Clostridium perfringens inoculation 1.0 mL (108cfu/mL) on day 19 to 21 in group T3, T4 and T5.On day 28 (7thday post infection) scoring of gross lesions were performed. Illeal mucosal samples were collected for mRNA quantification of TLR and cytokine gene by real time PCR. Histological scores revealed that intestinal necrotic lesions and inflammatory changes were reduced. Toll like receptors (TLRs) and cytokine gene expression revealed that probiotic group found to increase interleukins levels and decrease TLR 2 levels in necrotic enteritis infected chickens. Thus, the results suggested that the probiotic supplementation could able to regulate the intestinal mucosal immune response and there by ameliorate inflammation by altering the cytokine and TLR gene expression.ArticleItem Open Access Incidence of canine parvovirus type 2c in a puppy with haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in Tamil Nadu, India(AkiNik Publications, 2019) Surendhar, M; Vijaya Bharathi, M; Selvaraju, G; Rathnapraba, S; Raj Kumar, RA; TANUVASCanine parvovirus enteritis is caused by canine parvovirus -2 (CPV-2), which is highly contagious and often fatal disease, characterized by vomiting, fowl smelling bloody diarrhoea and myocarditis in young dogs. In the present study, a total of 150 faecal and blood samples were collected from dogs with the symptoms of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis from Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital (MVCTH), Chennai to study the molecular epidemiology and haemato-biochemical changes in CPV-2 infected dogs respectively. Seventy one (47.33 per cent) dogs were positive for CPV-2 by PCR assay. Strain specific assay reveal CPV-2a and CPV-2c variants were recorded in 70 and 01 dogs respectively. Incidence of CPV-2c is the first report in Tamil Nadu. DNA sequencing was done for 8 PCR positive samples, out of which three were characterized as CPV-2c, indicating that this CPV type 2c is currently circulating in India.ArticleItem Open Access Molecular characterization of Bacillus cereus from milk and milk products(Indian Dairy Association, 2018) NisiSwetha, B; Saranya, S; Rathnapraba, S; Murugan, B; Kanagaraju, P; Vijayarani, K; TANUVASBacillus cereus is the major bacterial foodborne pathogens that cause various foodborne outbreaks worldwide. The occurrence of B. cereus in food environment is predominant and it has been characterized as both spoilage as well as pathogenic microorganism. In the present study, the incidence of B. cereus was investigated in a total of one fifty samples including raw milk, khoa, pasteurized milk and paneer collected from different retail outlets in Chennai. The samples were screened for the presence of Bacillus cereus by conventional culture method on selective Mannitol egg yolk polymyxin (MYP) medium. The colonies were confirmed by their colony morphology, Gram’s staining and biochemical characterization. Microbial screening revealed predominance of Bacillus cereus. Further, all the culture positive colonies were subjected for PCR amplification by targeting Haemolysin (HL) gene. B. cereus was detected in 51 samples with an overall prevalence of 34%. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that the isolates were highly resistant to penicillin G (100%) and 100% sensitive to gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline. PCR positive samples were bulk produced, purified and sequenced and analyzed using DNA star sequence package. The BLAST analysis results revealed that Bacillus cereus isolates have 94% homology with the other Bacillus cereus isolates in the NCBI database. Thus in the present study revealed that, a relatively higher percent of the samples did not comply with the standard quality. Hence, the hygienic quality of milk and milk products needs to be improved considerably at different levels of processing to ensure food safety to the consumers.ArticleItem Open Access Molecular Detection of Food Borne Pathogen Bacillus cereus in Ready to Eat Meat Products(2020-04) Rathnapraba, S; Shathish Sharma, BJ; Saranya, S; Meignanalakshmi, S; TANUVASBacillus cereus is a causative agent for common foodborne outbreaks. In this study, we investigate the presence of food borne bacterial pathogen, Bacillus cereus in ready to eat meat products by cultural and molecular techniques and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Ready to eat meat products (n = 115) were procured from commercial outlets in and around Chennai. Enumeration and isolation of B. cereus was performed by conventional culture and molecular method targeting 185 bp of haemolysin (HL) gene. The isolates obtained were tested for antibiotic sensitivity against commonly used antibiotics. Out of 115 samples screened, 29 found to be positive with 25.2% incidence rate of Bacillus cereus in meat products. The obtained six isolates of B. cereus had 100% resistance against vancomycin and penicillin. The isolates were sensitive towards methicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol antibiotics. Hence, the occurrence of B. cereus in ready to eat meat products with the isolates being resistant to antibiotics may cause a serious public health concern and need to be addressed.ArticleItem Open Access Molecular epidemiology and evaluation of haemato -biochemical parameters in canine parvoviral enteritis dogs in Chennai, India(AkiNik Publications, 2018) Surendhar, M; Vijaya Bharathi, M; Selvaraju, G; Rathnapraba, S; Raj Kumar, RA; TANUVASCanine parvoviral enteritis is caused by canine parvovirus (CPV) which is featured by vomiting, haemorrhagic enteritis, myocarditis, dehydration, dullness and anaemia. It is commonly seen in puppies less than six month of age especially when unvaccinated. An early and accurate diagnosis, proper prophylactic and therapeutic measures, awareness about the pattern of disease occurrences aids the treating veterinarians in a better way. A total of 150 faecal and blood samples were collected from twelve different dog breeds presented with the symptoms of vomiting, haemorrhagic foul smelling diarrhoea and dehydration to Infectious Disease Unit, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai. Polymerase chain reaction was done to estimate the presence of canine parvovirus-2. Out of 150 samples, 71 (47.3%) samples showed positive for canine parvovirus-2. Haemato-biochemical alterations in parvo affected puppies revealed anaemia, leucopenia, decreased packed cell volume, hypoglycemia and decreased electrolyte values. These findings envisage the need for developing proper therapeutic protocols to save the affected puppiesArticleItem Open Access Nutritional Interventions to Improve Breast Meat Yield in Broilers – Review(TANUVAS, 2019) Kanagaraju, P; Rathnapraba, S; Richard Churchil, R; Madhan Kumar, N; Swapnil, Survase; TANUVASBroilers are mainly reared for meat purpose throughout the world and the industry now focusing mainly toward processing. Hence, much of the selection pressure is applied to improve the growth rate and carcass yield, with a significant increase in breast muscle. The increasing demand for white meat and the continuous improvement in genetic potential of commercial broiler lines has resulted in important changes in the nutritional management of broilers. Numerous factors affecting breast meat and it can be broadly divided into nutritional and non-nutritional. Among non-nutritional factors genetic factors, management including feeding and lighting management affect breast meat yield. Nutritional factors such as protein: energy ratio, amino acids particularly threonine, arginine, methionine, lysine and total sulphur containing amino acids are playing a major role. Apart from this, amino acid interactions such as dietary Lysine X Methionine and Lysine X Threonine are important to optimize meat accretion particularly breast region. Betaine along with methionine increased breast meat yield in broilers than when they fed alone. Chelated trace mineral improves breast meat yield due to improved general bird health and greater bioavailability, resulting in fewer nutrients being directed to immune function and more being available for muscle deposition. Pellet and crumbles are having a positive effect on breast meat yield in broilers. Information regarding factors affecting breast meat yield in broiler production can improve the quality of broiler.ThesisItem Restricted PROPIDIUM MONOAZIDE (PMA) QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (q PCR) FOR DETECTION OF LIVE BACTERIA IN FOOD SAMPLES(2018) Shathish Sharma, BJ; Rathnapraba, S; Meignanalakshmi, S; TANUVASThe present study was aimed to investigate the presence of foodborne bacterial pathogens in meat products. A total of 100 meat samples (including raw chicken, chicken nuggets, sausage, Kheema, cutlet, meat balls, pakoda, raw mutton, mutton balls, pork sausage, kheema, khabab, ham bacon, beef khabab, cubes, kheema and sausage) have been collected from different retail outlets in Chennai. The overall occurrence of B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli in different meat samples were found to be 15%, 20% and 14%respectively. All the presumptive colonies were subjected to molecular screening by targeting the Hemolysin gene, fem A gene and mal B gene in B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Based on the molecular characterization, about 11, 5 and 5 isolates of B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli were identical in screened meat samples. The isolates from the meat and meat products were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test and the results revealed that all the isolates showed 100% resistance to Vancomycin and Penicillin. Staphylococcus aureus shows 100% resistance to Methicillin and 68.8% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. In B. cereus they showed 100% sensitivity to methicillin whereas E. coli showed 100% resistance to ampicillin and 100% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. PMA-qPCR was developed to quantify the viable foodborne bacterial pathogen in meat products. In the present study 2.5 mM concentration of PMA dye was used, which will help to prevent the amplification of DNA from the dead cells. The developed PMA-qPCR had the detection limit of 1X101.25 CFU/g, 1X100.80CFU/g and 1X 100.4 CFU/g forB. cereus, S.aureus and E. coli respectively. These PMA qPCR results were compared with conventional qPCR. These results indicated that the developed PMA-qPCR was more sensitive than the conventional culture method. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of developed PMA-qPCR were calculated using Kappa statistics method. The sensitivity of PMA-qPCR for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were found to be 60%, 54.4% and 60% respectively. Specificity of the PMA qPCR was found to be 66.7%, 66.7% and 64.4% for Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. The PMA q-PCR could discriminate among viable and dead bacteria it detect only live bacteria from the food samples.PresentationItem Open Access Rapid multiplex detection of food borne pathogens from ready to eat food products(2020-02) Rathnapraba, S; Saranya, S; TANUVASFood safety is increasingly becoming an important public health issue, as foodborne diseases present a widespread public health problem globally. The rapid and precise monitoring and detection of foodborne pathogens are some of the most effective ways to control and prevent foodborne iillness. In the present study, Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) coupled magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared and utilized for entrapment of foodborne pathogens from food samples and coupled with multiplex PCR assay. Multiplex PCR primers were designed targeting the Fem A, Tuf and HL genes to detect the three bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus spp. simultaneously. ATCC reference strains were used to standardize the multiplex PCR. A total of about 250 meat and milk products were screened for thepresence of targeted foodborne pathogens by the developed mPCR. The results indicated that the developed mPCR for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens had maximum of 89%, 97% and 93% of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy respectively. Hence, the novel antimicrobial peptide nanoparticle based multiplex PCR could be a rapid detection assay to assess food safety.ArticleItem Open Access Status of Maternal Derived Antibody Against Rabies in Naive Puppies in Chennai(2019-10) Sowmiya, M; Asokkumar, M; Vijaya Bharathi, M; Rathnapraba, S; Senthil Kumar, RL; Devi, T; Nagarajan, B; TANUVASThirty-six blood samples were collected randomly from puppies [18 puppies each from vaccinated (Group I) and unvaccinated (Group II) dam] brought to Immunization Unit, Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai. The samples were subjected to functional antibody assay (RFFIT) to know the kinetics of maternal derived antibody (MDA) against rabies. The mean MDA titre in group I and II puppies were found as 1.07 ± 0.18 IU/mL and 0.30 ± 0.037 IU/mL respectively. The statistical analysis (Student “t” test) revealed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) between MDA of two groups. Thus, this study strongly suggests that the dogs less than three months of age in endemic regions needs to be immunized against rabies in view of maintaining the population immunity and to reduce the bioburden of rabies risk.