Browsing by Author "Rath, Prasana Kumar"
Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ThesisItem Open Access Clinico-pathological studies of Canine Pyometra in and around Bhubaneswar(Department of Veterinary Pathology, OUAT, Bhubaneswer, 2020) Achary, K Haripriya; Rath, Prasana Kumar; Panda, Susen Kumar; Mishra, Rajashree; Jena, BiswadeepIn toto, 148 numbers of dogs belonging to different breeds with some sorts of gynecological complains were presented in TVCC and Veterinary Polyclinic, Sahid Nagar Bhubaneswar for seeking veterinary care were screened for pyometra on the basis of history, clinical signs, haemato-biohemical alterations, ultrasonography as well as radiographic evaluation. Only 23 were screened for Canine Pyometra showing overall incidences of 15.54%. Present study reported of only one bitch died in pyometra with overall mortality of approximately 4 %. Frequency of occurrences were highest among the adult bitches more than 7 years age group (78.26%), Spitz (47.82%), nulliparous (60.86%), open cervix pyometra (60.86%), diestrous stage (82.60%) while very less number of dogs was in anestrous stage (17.39%). Higher prevalence’s of pyometra was observed in rainy season (60.86%) Present study concluded a variety of clinical symptoms with varying severity among the affected bitches i.e. Vaginal discharge (60.86%), Distended abdomen (39.13%), In-appetence (82.60 %), Lassitude /Lethargy (100%), Dehydration (69.56 %), Pain on abdominal palpation (78.26 %), Vomiting (47.82 %), Fever (39.13 %) and Diarrhea (21.73 %). Statistical analysis through student’s t-test of different hematological parameters showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocytic count (TEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) in pyometra affected bitches. There was marked leucocytosis with nutrophillia and shift to left conditions observed in affected dogs. The present research programme showed a significant increase in total protein, AST, ALT, ALP and BUN concentrations and significant decrease in albumin in pyometra affected bitches as compared to apparently healthy control non-pyometra dogs through student’s t-test. It was observed that Escherichia coli (66.67%), Staphylococcus (12%) and Streptococci (8.33%) were major microorganisms involved as secondary bacterial infections in pyometra. Enlarged uterus with hypo echoic tubular structures containing mostly echogenic and / or anechoic fluids, were constant findings through Ultrasonography. Flabby uterine horns with thick and corrugated endometrial wall containing profuse malodorous sero-sanguinous to muco-purulent exudates were gross pathological lesions in pyometra affected uterus. Chronic inflammatory response were indicative histopathologic findings in pyometra.ThesisItem Unknown Clinico-pathological studies of caprine Paratuberculosis in Odisha(Department of Veterinary Pathology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Mishra, Pragnya Smita; Rath, Prasana Kumar; Panda, Susen Kumar; Biswal, Sangram; Mishra, Smruti RanjanPresent study was undertaken to have an in-depth study on detail epidemiological, clinico-pathological and molecular confirmation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in goats of Odisha. Goats randomly selected from ten different districts of Odisha were screened for Paratuberculosis on the basis of history, clinical signs and faecal microscopy through ZN staining. Present study recorded an overall prevalence of 38.75% with prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical Paratuberculosis were 8.06% and 30.68% respectively. Necropsy was conducted for eight goats that died during the study period. Typical clinical signs observed were frequent watery diarrhoea, pasty faeces, emaciation or lean body mass, increasingly lethargic attitude, rough body hair coat and soiled hind quarters and perineum. Present study recorded highest occurrence in Puri district (52.29%) followed by Ganjam district (34.88%) and Balasore district (45%). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant higher occurrences of disease among adult goats of more than 2-year age (51.23%), Ganjam breed (42.30%), females (39.17%), earthen floors (55.83%), rainy season (40.37%) and goats with moderate body conditions (67.5%). Present study recorded high occurrences of low shedders (n=219, 69.08%) followed by moderate shedders (n=64, 20.18%) and least numbers belonging to high shedders (n=34, 10.72%) of MAP bacilli during screening. Anaemia and leucocytosis with increased lymphocyte count was consistent in Caprine Paratuberculosis. There was significant increase in AST and ALT in Paratuberculosis affected goats. Necropsy revealed a chronic enteropathy. Histopathological lesions were mostly related to infiltrations of mononuclear cells. Molecular confirmation of MAP bacilli was done from faecal as well as tissue (intestine and MLN) samples using IS900 specific primers showing 400 bp PCR product in agarose gel electrophoresis.ThesisItem Unknown Clinicopathological studies of PPR (Peste des petits ruminants) in sheep and goats along with molecular characterization of the virus in Odisha(Department of Veterinary Pathology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Rath, Prasana Kumar; Panda, Susen Kumar; Patra, Ramesh Chandra; Mishra, Umakanta; Sahoo, Gyan Ranjan; Sahoo, Pramod Kumar; Senapati, Shanti BhusanThere were total fourteen suspected outbreaks of PPR occurring in almost eight districts of Odisha comprising of 361 small ruminants. There was 49.65% mortality in goats and 36% mortality among sheep. There was highest occurrence of PPR among the age groups 6 -12 months (46.13%), females (80.49%), Ganjam breeds (45.51%) and in animals with poor body conditions (54.48%). There was a significant increase in Hb, TEC, PCV and TLC both in affected goats and sheep with nutrophillia and lymphopaenia. There was a significant increase in creatinine, urea, BUN, AST, ALT, K+ and Na+concentrations in PPR affected small ruminants. Prominent patho-anatomical changes were soiled hind quarters and tails, erosive & ulcerative lesions on oral mucosa, crusts on nose, matting of eyelids, pseudo membrane like deposits on tongue, frothy exudates as well as haemorrhages in trachea along with antero-ventral consolidation of lungs. There was desquamation of lingual papillae along with infiltration of inflammatory cells in papillary area of tongue, sinusoidal dilatation with congestion and hemorrhage associated with disruption of hepatic cords, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions in hepatocytes, villous atrophy, depletion of spleenic pulp and congestion, congestion of inter alveolar septa with infiltration of macrophages, plasma cells with syncytia formation, I/n eosinophilic inclusions in alveolar macrophage of lungs as well as I/c eosinoiphillic inclusions in alveolar epithelial cells were important findings in affected animals in our study. The gene sequence information was submitted to the NCBI database with GenBank accession no. MG748708, MG748709, MG748710, MG748711. The current isolates were clustered to Asian lineage IV with a close relation to earlier reported Indian strains such as Delhi (KX033350.1) and Tamil Nadu (KT860065.1 and KT860064.1). The result revealed that the current isolate is 98.8 %-100% identical with previously reported Indian isolates. It has > 95% identity with lineage IV and 91% -94 % identities with lineage I, II and III. The overall divergence calculated for the current study was less than 10%. Lineage IV differs primarily at 13 amino acid positions compared to other lineages. There were four unique mutations (E297D, W333G, G461R, and E512G).ThesisItem Unknown Effect of Moringa oleifera in combating Aflatoxin-induced subacute toxicity in White Pekin ducks(Department of Veterinary Pathology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Begum, Asifa; Panda, Susen Kumar; Rath, Prasana Kumar; Kumar, Dhirendra; Jena, Geeta RaniAflatoxins which are natural pollutants in feed, have the greatest impact on duck health, economics and productivity. Because ducklings are more sensitive to aflatoxin than other species, exposure to aflatoxin at a level of 100ppb can cause growth retardation, severe damages to numerous organs (heart, liver, kidney, thymus) and few cases of fatality. A plant such as M. oleifera which is widely accessible and free of adverse effects with high in nutrients, minerals, and vitamins, can be used to combat aflatoxin poisoning. Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) were discovered as an excellent source of natural antioxidant, including essential sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine), phenols, flavonoids, glucosinolates, kaempferol, sterols, and other compounds thought to have healthpromoting properties, assists in the neutralization mycotoxin AFB1. Total 120 day-old white pekin ducklings were divided equally to four groups of 30 ducklings each, with three replica. Aflatoxin was produced and thoroughly mixed with a bulk amount of feed to produce the appropriate amount 100ppb aflatoxicated feed. This technique was repeated in groups-2, 3, and 4 along with Moringa oleifera leaves administered to group-3 at a low dose of 15g and group-4 at a high dose of 30g/kg of diet respectively with aflatoxin 100ppb. Group-1 was preserved as the normal control group. All of the experimental birds were monitored for different indications of aflatoxicosis such as depression, restlessness, lameness, weakness, anorexia. By the end of the 28-days period, there was a decrease in regular appetite and a drop in body weight gain in the aflatoxin induced group, whereas these values rose in the therapy group. Different haematological measures such as haemoglobin percent, PCV, TEC, lymphocyte and TLC values fell significantly in the aflatoxin-intoxicated group, however heterophil count and heterophil lymphocyte ratio rose significantly. The addition of MOL powder to a toxin-containing meal immediately alleviated these effects. Serum AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, ALP, triglyceride, cholesterol, BUN and creatinine levels rose in aflatoxinintoxicated ducklings. The values of SOD, catalase, GSH, and antioxidant markers were lower in group-2, with rise in LPO indicating oxidative stress in only aflatoxin-treated ducks. The cotreatment with MOL powder to an aflatoxin-intoxicated feed sample, on the other hand had a preventive effect, as evidenced by the reversal of the changes in blood chemistry and oxidative stress parameters markers produced by aflatoxin. Toxicopathological lesions in ducks included haemorrhagic patches and congestion in numerous organs, with marked necrosis and prominent degeneration in hepatocytes of liver, degenerative tubular epithelium, and necrosis of tubular lining cells in the kidney. The gross and histology of the moringa leaf powder treated groups on the other hand, revealed reduction in severity and frequency of alterations in tissues. As a result, the inclusion of MOL powder to prevent aflatoxicosis is advised as helpful and cost-effective at high dose 30g/kg of feed.ThesisItem Unknown Prevalence and Characterization of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli from poultry meat(Department of Veterinary Microbiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Senapati, Iswar Anand; Mishra, Rajashree; Kundu, Akshaya Kumar; Mishra, Bidyut Prava; Rath, Prasana KumarBeing highly palatable, digestible, tasty and comparatively low in calorie, poultry meat is often suggested by dieticians over other meats or meat products. At the moment of slaughter, chicken meat sometimes gets infected with Escherichia coli. They are natural gastroenteric inhabitants of animals, birds and human beings that have become very modified to cause diarrhoea and some extra intestinal diseases from just a few strains. The serological detection of somatic O, flagellar H and capsular K antigens is routinely defined by E. coli isolates. Those bacteria include Shiga Toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli is the most commonly found STEC. In the current report, a total of 320 samples of raw chicken meat were collected from the retail poultry meat market or Bhubaneswar stores. Both samples have been analysed for E. coli identification, followed by STEC. 224 E. coli isolates were obtained among which 42 were STEC. MacConkey Lactose Agar (MLA) and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar were used as differential and selective media to separate E. coli from meat samples. Triturated meat samples were first inoculated on MLA, where pink or red colonies were selected and grown on EMB agar, E. coli were considered to be isolated colonies with greenish metallic sheen, and various biochemical tests were further confirmed. Then E. coli isolates were grown on Sorbitol containing MacConkey Agar. The colourless colonies producing isolates were selected as that of Escherichia coli O157:H7. In the chicken samples that consisted of breast muscle (68.12 percent) and leg meat muscle (71.88 percent), the average incidence of E. coli found during this study was 70 percent. In the samples containing breast muscle (13.12 percent) and leg meat muscle (13.12 percent), the average incidence of STEC found during the present study was 13.12 percent. Patterns of in vitro antibiotic resistance to 18 antibiotics were studied among isolates of 224 E. coli. Oxytetracycline (64.73%) was observed to be most and Cefepime (5.36%) being least resistant. Highest sensitivity was exhibited to Tobramycin (88.84%). Among 42 STEC isolates the highest resistance was against Oxytetracycline (66.67%) and highest sensitivity was exhibited to Tobramycin (85.71%). All the 224 Escherichia coli isolates were assayed for biofilm production using Microtiter Plate method and Congo Red Agar method. In Micotiter plate method, 154 out of 224 isolates (68.75%) were found to be positive for biofilm formation. Among those, 7.14% isolates are highly positive, 70.78% isolates are moderately positive and 27.08% are weakly positive. Also, in Congo Red Agar method, 68.75% isolates produced biofilm. 23.38% isolates are highly positive, 37.66% isolates are moderate positive and 38.96 % are weakly positive. Similarly, 24 among 42 (57.14%) STEC isolates are biofilm positive in case of both the methods. By Microtiter Plate method 12.5%, 79.17% and 8.33% isolates are high, moderate and weakly positive respectively. By Congo Red Agar method, 20.83%, 50% and 29.17% isolates are high, moderate and weakly positive respectively. Among 24 biofilm forming STEC isolates the highest resistance was found against the Oxytetracycline (83.33%) and least resistance was observed against Tobramycin (0%). Highest sensitivity was exhibited to Tobramycin (83.33%).ThesisItem Unknown Prevalence and characterization of the Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis(Department of Veterinary Microbiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Bisht, Kailash Singh; Mishra, Rajashree; Pati, Prasad Kumar; Patra, Ritun; Rath, Prasana KumarThe Shiga toxin producing E. coli is a main food-borne human pathogen threatening public health worldwide. The significance of the STEC associated diseases outbreak continuously increasing over the year and the STEC O157 serogroup is considered as an important animal origin pathogen. It is also recognized as an important etiology of the bovine mastitis which negatively impacts the animal health and dairy industry. As the “one health” approach became more important in recent years. It’s mainly focuses on the zoonotic diseases, environmental contamination and spread of antimicrobial resistance due to the interaction between human, animal and their environment. The current research work was done to determine prevalence and to characterize E. coli and Shiga toxin producing E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis milk. A total of 250 bovine mastitis milk samples i.e., 172 cattle and 78 buffalo samples were tested. On routine microbial examination and biochemical characterization of the bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis milk, 27.20% (n= 68) were positive for E. coli, out of which 10.27% (n= 7) are positive for the STEC O157 using sorbitol MacConkey agar. On virulence factors such as serum resistance, Congo red dye uptake and haemolysin activity showed 60.29%, 30.88% and 10.29% for total E. coli isolates and 85.71%, 71.43% and 42.86% for STEC O157 isolates respectively. Serum resistance was the most common virulence activity shown by the bovine mastitis associated E. coli and STEC O157 isolates. The biofilm production was determined by Congo red agar method, 75 % and 71.43% isolates of total E. coli and STEC O157 showed positive results respectively. By microtiter plate assay E. coli showed 77.94% and 52.94% results, whereas STEC O157 showed 71.43 % and 57.16% results at 20 ˚C and 37 ˚C respectively. Microtiter plate assay method showed more sensitivity for screening of biofilm production compared to Congo red agar method. The antibiotic susceptibility test showed Gentamicin as most effective and Ampicillin as most resistant by planktonic and sessile E. coli. Whereas Gentamicin, Enrofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline were the most effective and Ofloxacin was the least effective antibiotic by planktonic and sessile STEC O157. The multidrug resistance was also evident in the E. coli and STEC O157 isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples. The multidrug resistance is much higher in sessile form of E. coli compared to their planktonic forms.ThesisItem Open Access Seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goat population of Odisha(Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Shrawan, Smriti; Biswal, Sangram; Sahoo, Niranjana; Rath, Prasana KumarContagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumonie (Mccp). Mccp is a highly contagious disease of goats. We have undertaken this study to determine the seroprevalence of CCPP in goat population of Odisha byserum agglutination test (SAT) and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). A total of 333 samples were collected from 12 districts of Odisha viz., Puri (28), Balasore (44), Balangir (30), Khurdha (25), Rayagada (10), Sambalpur (12), Angul (63), Sundargarh (12), Cuttack (6), Kalahandi (34), Jagatsinghpur (36) and Keonjhar (33). Risk factors were taken into consideration for occurrence of CCPP. Seroprevaence rate was analyzed with respect to farm type (organized and unorganized), age (less than 6 month, between 6-12 months and above 12 months), sex (male and female) and breed (Black Bengal, Ganjam, Balangir and nondescript). Overall seroprevalence of CCPP in Odisha was 5.80 % in SAT and 7.21% in cELISA indicating better sensitivity of latter test. Prevalence of CCPP was highest (33.44%) in Sambalpur. None of the samples collected from Rayagada and Cuttack were positive in cELISA. Seroprevalence results obtained in SAT and cELISA were quite comparable in case of three risk factors i.e., farm, sex and age. Prevalence was higher in organized farm as compare to unorganized farms. Females were more affected than male population. Goats of age above 12 months were more affected followed by age less than 6 month and least prevalence was recorded in age group between 6-12 months. In cELISA, the breed wise seroprevalence rates were 11.47%, 4.80%, 4.62%, 2.39% in Black bangle, nondescript, Ganjam, and Balangir breeds of goats respectively. No significant variations were noticed among the risk factors (p>0.05) when SAT results were analysed by Chi square test. Age and Breed, these two factors in case of cELISA showed significant variation (p<0.05).ThesisItem Open Access Study of antimicrobial effect of oxygen against bovine mastitogenic isolates(Department of Veterinary Microbiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Dash, Soumya Ranjan; Mishra, Rajashree; Pati, Prasad Kumar; Sahoo, Gyanaranjan; Rath, Prasana KumarIn the present study oxygen in the form of ozonated water has been used to tests its antimicrobial activity against the pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis. Ozone is a well known oxidant that can be commercially manufactured using basic ozonizer equipment. Ozone dissolves quickly in water and keeps its antibacterial properties even when dissolved as reported by several researchers. In this study, the effect of 0.1 ppm, 0.3 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.6 ppm ozonated water charging after of time 20 minutes was analyzed on different microbial isolates isolated from mastitis. Thea antimicrobial effect of ozonated water was evaluated using the disc diffusion method following routine procedure. The 0.6 ppm ozonated water was found to be highly sensitive against S. aureus. As its action was studied with single charging, multiple charging or using ozonated water in 20 minutes interval may reduce the microbial load as an ideal antiseptic. Ozonated water at different concentration was effective in reducing the bacterial load, but it did not eliminate them completely. It may be advocated as surfactants before milking like microbial antiseptics.ThesisItem Open Access Transthoracic echocardiography study in dogs(Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Rath, Pritish; Jena, Biswadeep; Nath, Indramani; Behera, Sidhartha Sankar; Rath, Prasana Kumar; Sathapathy, SrinivasThe present study was conducted to study the prevalence of cardiac ailments and to compare echocardiographic parameters with the control healthy animal in an endeavour to establish standardized echocardiographic parameters for dogs vis-à-vis correlate with the body weight to diagnose the cardiac ailment like DCM and HCM with affluence.The present study was conducted on 30 clinical cases (22 Male,8 Female) belonging to various canine breeds (more Labrador breed of dogs) which encompassed 12 (40%) clinically healthy control dogs and 18 (60%) dogs with cardiac ailments. The patients were subjected to meticulous physical, clinic-physiological, radiographic and electrocardiographic examinations before categorising them to different groups like healthy control group and experimental group, respectively. Experimental group was further subdivided into DCM and HCM groups based upon echocardiographic findings [DCM- 14 (77.78%) and HCM-4 (22.22%)]. All the patients under the study were subjected to two-dimensional Bmode, M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic examinations. Mean values of various echocardiographic parameters were compared statistically across all groups. Echocardiographic parameters from healthy control groups were correlated with body weight and to establish a regression equation to standardise different echocardiographic parameters.Prevalence was more among male Labrador with age more than 5 years of age. A significant difference (P 0.5) linear correlations of echocardiographic parameters against bodyweight was detected for LVIDs, LVIDd, Ao, LVEdA4C, LVEsA4C, LMV, EDV and ESV. Whereas, statistically significant (P 0.5) linear correlations was observed between echocardiographic parameters and body weight (BW) for LVIDs, LVIDd, Ao, LVEdA4C, LVEsA4C, LMV, EDV and ESV. Whereas, statistically significant (P < 0.05) negative linear strong correlations among body weight (BW) and echocardiographic parameters was observed for RI only