Browsing by Author "Raman, Muthusamy"
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ArticleItem Open Access Comparative immunoprophylactic efficacy of Haemonchus contortus recombinant enolase (rHcENO) and Con A purified native glycoproteins in sheep(Elsevier, 2015-04) Kalyanasundaram, Aravindan; Jawahar, Shabnam; Ilangopathy, Manikkavasagan; Palavesam, Azahahianambi; Raman, Muthusamy; TANUVASHaemonchus contortus is the most economically important blood feeding nematode parasite of sheep and goats all over the world. Enolase in helminth parasites is a multi-functional enzyme which involves in glycolysis and host tissue invasion. In this study, the recombinant H. contortus enolase (rHcENO) was evaluated for its immunoprophylactic efficacy in sheep along with Con A purified native glycoproteins in a vaccine challenge trial. Group I and Group II experimental sheep were immunized thrice with rHcENO and Con A purified native glycoproteins along with Montanide ISA 61 VG adjuvant. The animals were challenged with 5000 L3 stage active H. contortus larvae after 21 days of third immunization. A significant increase in the IgG titre was observed in rHcENO and Con A purified native glycoproteins immunized animals as compared to the control animals. Immunoprotective efficacy of Con A purified native glycoproteins was comparatively higher than rHcENO antigen.ArticleItem Open Access Development and Validation of Real-Time PCR for Rapid Detection of Mecistocirrus digitatus(2013-04) Subhadra, Subhra; Karthik, Mohanraj; Raman, Muthusamy; TANUVASHematophagous activity of Mecistocirrus digitatus, which causes substantial blood and weight loss in large ruminants, is an emerging challenge due to the economic loss it brings to the livestock industry. Infected animals are treated with anthelmintic drugs, based on the identification of helminth species and the severity of infection; however, traditional methods such as microscopic identification and the counting of eggs for diagnosis and determination of level of infection are laborious, cumbersome and unreliable. To facilitate the detection of this parasite, a SYBR green-based real-time PCR was standardized and validated for the detection of M. digitatus infection in cattle and buffaloes. Oligonucleotides were designed to amplify partial Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)-1 sequence of M. digitatus. The specificity of the primers was confirmed by non-amplification of DNA extracted from other commonly occurring gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Plasmids were ligated with partial ITS-1 sequence of M. digitatus, serially diluted (hundred fold) and used as standards in the real-time PCR assay. The quantification cycle (Cq) values were plotted against the standard DNA concentration to produce a standard curve. The assay was sensitive enough to detect one plasmid containing the M. digitatus DNA. Clinical application of this assay was validated by testing the DNA extracted from the faeces of naturally infected cattle (n = 40) and buffaloes (n = 25). The results were compared with our standard curve to calculate the quantity of M. digitatus in each faecal sample. The Cq value of the assay depicted a strong linear relationship with faecal DNA content, with a regression coefficient of 0.984 and efficiency of 99%. This assay has noteworthy advantages over the conventional methods of diagnosis because it is more specific, sensitive and reliable.ArticleItem Open Access Emergence of Moraxella bovoculi Associated with Keratoconjunctivitis in an Organized Dairy Farm of India(Council of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017-05) Karthik, Kumaragurubaran; Mahaprabhu, Ramalingam; Roy, Parimal; Raman, Muthusamy; TANUVASAn investigation was carried out in an organized dairy farm of Tamil Nadu State, India where cattle were reported to have eye infection. Preliminary clinical intervention revealed that the animals had infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Isolation and identification of pathogen from eye swab revealed the presence of Moraxella spp. On further molecular characterization by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suggested that the isolate as Moraxella bovoculi. PCR followed by sequencing was carried and the results showed that the isolate was M. bovoculi and the sequencewas submitted in theGenBank with the sequence id. KX121047. Animals were treated with antibiotics as per the results from antibiotic sensitivity test and treatment yielded good results as the animals responded to treatment. This report is the first of its kind fromIndia as therewas no previous report regarding M. bovoculi from the country. Further insights into the bacterial genome can aid in identification of the genes or regions involved in pathogenesis of IBK and also to carve out the prevention and control strategies of IBK.OtherItem Open Access Genetic Evidence for Hybridization between Haemonchus Contortus and Haemonchus Placei in Natural Field Populations and its Implications for Interspecies Transmission of Anthelmintic Resistance(TANUVAS, 2016-02) Chaudhry, Umer; Redman, E.M.; Abbas, Muhammad; Raman, Muthusamy; Ashraf, Kamran; Gilleard, John. S.OtherItem Open Access Genetic Evidence for the Spread of a Benzimidazole Resistance Mutation Across Southern India From a Single Origin in the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus Contortus(TANUVAS, 2016-02) Chaudhry, Umer; Redman, E.M.; Raman, Muthusamy; Gilleard, John S.ArticleItem Open Access Lesion scoring technique for assessing the virulence and pathogenicity of Indian fifi eld isolates of avian Eimeria species(2011) Raman, Muthusamy; S. Banu, Samsudeen; Gomathinayagam, Sankaralingam; D. Raj, Gopal; TANUVASChicken coccidiosis caused by the genus Eimeria is a major health impediment causing high morbidity and mortality in commercial poultry. Assessment of the virulence and pathogenicity of Eimeria species are the vital factors for formulating effective control strategies. The gross lesion score was used in this study for assessing the virulence and pathogenicity of indigenous six Eimeria sp. in a controlled experimental trial using six groups of one hundred and twenty chicks of three weeks of age, inoculated with 2 × 10 2 to 2 × 103 numbers of oocysts of six species of Eimeria. While an extended prepatent period (2 - 6 hrs) was confifi rmed in the majority of the species, the gross lesion scores were mostly within the low score of 1-2 compared to the international reference strains such as Houghton, so indicating possible natural attenuation of the fifi eld isolates. The gross lesion scores (GLS) were assessed ranging from a scale of 0 (no gross lesion) to 4 (most severe lesion). This study seems to be the fifi rst such attempt to standardize a lesion scoring technique for assessing the virulence and pathogenicity of indigenous isolates of Eimeria in the Indian sub-continent.ArticleItem Open Access Multiple anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Southern India(2009) Easwaran, Chinnakaruppiah; Harikrishnan, Tirunelveli Jeyagopal; Raman, Muthusamy; TANUVASThe occurrence of anthelmintic resistance on three institutional sheep farms in Tamil Nadu, India was investigated using the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) for both benzimidazoles and levamisole, the egg hatch assay for benzimidazole (BZD) and Larval Migration Inhibition Assay (LMIA) for levamisole (LEV). FECR value after treatment with albendazole and levamisole ranged from 69-80 and from 70-82 respectively in the three farms examined. The ED50 values for TBZ in EHA for isolates from three farms were 0.627, 0.678 and 0.388 μg/mL of TBZ and the LM50 values in LMIA for the isolates from three farms were 0.707. 0.437 and 0.377 μg/mL of LEV. The results of the survey indicated multiple resistance in Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia sp. to benzimidazoles and levamisole in farm I, simultaneous resistance in Teladorsagia sp. to benzimidazoles and levamisole in farm II and simultaneous resistance in Haemonchus contortus to benzimidazoles and levamisole in farm III.ArticleItem Open Access Subulura brumpti infection - An outbreak in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(2012) Nagarajan, Kumaresan; Thyagarajan, Desigan; Raman, Muthusamy; TANUVASSubulura brumpti infection was observed in Japanese quails and caused heavy production loss up to 10%. Gross lesions were confined to caecum of the affected birds. Pathological changes suggestive of acute cecal hemorrhagic enteritis were recorded. Closer observation of the cecal loop revealed wavy movement with thousands of tiny worms.