Browsing by Author "Rajeswar, J. Johnson"
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ArticleItem Open Access Anthrax outbreak: Recommended field level approaches(2013-12) Parthiban, S.; Malmarugan, S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Kumar, V.; TANUVASAnthrax is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by a bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It primarily affects livestock and wildlife with clinical features of hyper acute or acute symptoms and usually with a fatal outcome.ArticleItem Open Access Anthrax: A Re-Emerging Livestock Disease(2015) Parthiban, S.; Malmarugan, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Pothiappan, P.; TANUVASAnthrax is a contagious and highly fatal zoonotic bacterial disease affecting primarily herbivores. Mortality can be very high, especially in herbivores. The disease has world-wide distribution and is a zoonosis. The etiological agent is the endospore-forming, Gram-positive, nonmotile, rod-shaped Bacillus anthracis. Central to the persistence of anthrax in an area is the ability of B. anthracis to form long-lasting, highly resistant spores. Understanding the ecology of anthrax spores is essential if one hopes to control epidemics. Studies on the ecology of anthrax spores have found a correlation between the disease and specific soil factors, such as alkaline pH, high moisture, and high organic content. The repeated anthrax outbreak in livestock and subsequent infection to human has been considered as a nationwide alarming issue. Outbreaks of anthrax have diverse consequences on society. Establishing the appropriate control strategies is very important and crucial in reducing the socio-economic impact of the disease. Control measures are aimed at breaking the cycle of infection, and their implementation must be adhered to rigorously. It can be used as a biological weapon and has been classified as a Category ‘A’ bio threat by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This review describes this important disease covering its etiology, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and prevention and control strategies to be adopted to combat this globally important pathogen.ArticleItem Open Access ASSERTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TO DETECT CONSERVED THYMIDINE KINASE GENE OF INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS VIRUS FROM CLINICAL OUTBREAKS(Int. Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 2017) Puvarajan, B.; Sukumar, K.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; TANUVASInfectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an important respiratory disease of chickens and annually causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry world-wide. ILT virus (ILTV) belongs to alphaherpesvirinae and the Gallid herpesvirus 1 species. The transmission of ILTV is via respiratory and ocular routes. The study was conducted to identify directly infectious laryngotracheitis virus from field outbreaks by polymerase chain reaction. DNA was extracted from field isolates and vaccine sample by using One tube DNA Extraction kit® Genomic DNA purification kit and thymidine kinase gene was amplified by using PCR system 9600 Thermocycler. Both the samples were positively amplified by polymerase chain reaction. A procedure was developed and standardized for rapid detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus by polymerase chain reaction of the conserved region of viral thymidine kinase gene containing DNA fragments. The results obtained in this study suggested that the polymerase chain reaction procedure could serve as a fast and sensitive method for the detection of field and vaccine strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. In this study, a rapid and sensitive PCR assay for detection of ILTV was developed and evaluated by using ILTV DNA in the tissues of the chickens infected with ILTV from clinical cases.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Immune Newcastle Disease Oral Pellert Vaccine in Desi chicken and Turkey(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2014) Reetha, T. Lurthu; TANUVAS; Rajeswar, J. JohnsonA study was undertaken to assess the immune response in desi chicken and turkey against New castle disease oral pellet vaccine and also to assess the egg production performances and egg quality characters in desi chicken. In desi chicken experimental trial, 48 chicks were divided into six groups having eight chicks in each group. First group (T1) served as unvaccinated control, second group (T2) was primed with commercially available Thermostabilised D58 vaccine followed by booster with TANUVAS oral pellet vaccine, Third group (T3) was primed as well as boosted with TANUVAS oral pellet vaccine, Fourth group (T4) was primed with RDV’F’ followed by booster with commercial vaccines (LaSota and R2B), Fifth group (T5) was primed with commercially available Thermostabilised D58 vaccine followed by booster with commercial vaccines (LaSota and R2B), Sixth group (T6) was primed with TANUVAS oral pellet vaccine followed by booster with commercial vaccines (LaSota and R2B). Serum samples were collected at 21 days interval and the post vaccination antibody titre was assessed by HI and ELISA tests. No significant differences were noticed between T2, T3, T5 and T6 groups at 4th week of age. Between T2 and T3 groups no significant differences (P<0.01) were noticed from 4th week to 52 weeks of age that is throughout the study period. On 4th week of age significant differences were noticed between T4 and other (T2, T3, T5, T6) groups. From 7th week onwards no significant differences (P>0.01) were noticed between T4, T5 and T6 groups upto 52nd week of age. But significant differences (P<0.01) were noticed between T2 and T4, T5, T6 groups and between T3 and T4, T5, T6 groups. Higher titre was observed in T4 group than T2, T3, T5 and T6 groups. But the chicks in all the vaccinated groups in this study showed protective level of antibody titre was observed throughout the study period of 52 weeks. In turkey experimental trial, 32 turkey poults were divided into four groups having eight poults in each group. First group (T1) served as unvaccinated control, second group (T2) was primed with commercially available Thermostabilised D58 vaccine followed by booster with TANUVAS oral pellet vaccine, Third group (T3) was primed as well as boosted with TANUVAS oral pellet vaccine, Fourth group (T4) was primed with RDV’F’ followed by booster with commercial vaccines (LaSota and R2B). Serum samples were collected at 21 days interval and the post vaccination antibody titre was assessed by HI and ELISA tests. Between T2 and T3 groups no significant differences (P>0.01) were noticed from 4th week of age to 24th week of age. Higher titre was observed in T4 group than T2 and T3 groups and significant differences were (P<0.01) noticed. But all the vaccinated groups in this study showed protective level of antibody titre was observed throughout the study period of 24 weeks. The challenged birds were observed for ten days for the development of clinical symptoms, lesions and mortality. No mortality was observed in any of the vaccinated group whereas 100 percent mortality was recorded during the observation period in the unvaccinated control groups in both desi chicken and turkey. The vaccination schedule followed in group T3 that was primed with TANUVAS oral pellet vaccine on 7th day followed by booster with TANUVAS oral pellet vaccine on 28th day, 8th week, 16th week and every three months until 52 weeks evoked protective level antibody titre throughout the study period that is upto 52 weeks of age, withstood challenge and provided 100 per cent protection. In all the six treatment groups in desi chicken, no statistically significant differences were noticed in egg production performance from 25 to 52 weeks of age (P≥0.05) and egg quality parameters from 28 to 52 weeks of age (P≥0.05).OtherItem Open Access Assessment Of Immune Response Against Newcastle Disease Oral Pellet Vaccine In Desi ChickenReetha, T. Lurthu; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Sukumar, K.; Srinivasan, P.; Arthanareeswaran, M.; TANUVASThe study was carried out at Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu.ArticleItem Open Access Assessment of Immune Response Against Newcastle Disease Oral Pellet Vaccine in Desi Chicken by ELISA Test(2016-12) Reetha, T. Lurthu; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Sugumar, K.; Srinivasan, P.; Kirubaharan, J. John; TANUVASThe study was carried out at Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. A total of 48 day old desi chicks obtained from a private hatchery in Namakkal, TamilNadu were maintained under cage system of rearing up to 52 weeks of age as per standard management practices. All the 48 chicks were divided into six groups having eight chicks in each group were subjected to different treatment regimes. Serum samples were collected at 21 days interval and the post vaccination antibody titre was assessed by ELISA tests. All the birds were challenged at 52 weeks of age with 0.5 ml dose of 104.0 EID50 virulent ND field virus. All the vaccinated groups in this study showed protective level of antibody titre throughout the study period of 52 weeks. The challenged birds were observed for ten days for the development of clinical symptoms, lesions and mortality. No mortality was observed in any of the vaccinated group whereas 100 percent mortality was recorded during the observation period in the unvaccinated control groups.ArticleItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE ORAL PELLET VACCINE IN TURKEY(2014-01) Reetha, T. Lurthu; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Sukumar, K.; Srinivasan, P.; TANUVASNewcastle disease (ND) is a major constraint to village poultry production throughout developing countries, frequently causing mortality rates of 75 to 100 per cent in unvaccinated flocks (Spradbrow, 1992). Turkey farming is getting fast growth in southern regions. Kerala and Tamil Nadu are the leading states in turkey production.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Immune Response in Chicken to Different Commercially Available Ranikhet Disease Vaccines(TANUVAS, 1998) Reetha, T. Lurthu; TANUVAS; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Dorairajan, N; Thangamani, RArticleItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF POST VACCINATION IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE ORAL PELLET VACCINE IN TURKEY BY - CHALLENGE STUDYReetha, T. Lurthu; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Sukumar, K.; Srinivasan, P.; Arthanareeswaran, M.; TANUVASThe study was carried out at Veterinary University Training and Research Centre - Tiruchirapalli, Tamil nadu. A total of 32 turkey poults obtained from TANUVAS-Regional Research Centre, Pudukottai were divided into 4 groups having 8 poults in each group.ArticleItem Open Access Bacterial Flora from Dead-in-Shell Turkey Embryos and their Antibiogram Pattern(Indian Vet. J., 2013-11) Malmarugan, S.; Udhayavel, S.; Rajendran, K.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVAS; TANUVASHatchery is one of the greatest areas of disease risk in the whole cycle of poultry operations. Heavy mortality of embryos during incubation causes great economic loses to hatcheries. Hatchery losses associated with embryonic mortality and dead in shell embryos in chickens due to pathogenic bacteria were well documented (Dzoma and Dorrestein, 2001; Walker et al., 2002). Hence, the present study was aimed to characterize the bacterial causes of dead-in-shell embryos in turkey and to assess their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.OtherItem Open Access Characterization of Pathogenic Potential of Pasteurella Multocida Isolate by Allele-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction of the PTFA Gene(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2012-09) Sukumar, K.; Nisha, P.R.; Yamunadevi, V.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASThesisItem Open Access Chicken Infectious Anaemia: Molecular Diagnosis and Serosurveillance(TANUVAS, 2012) Udhayavel, S.; TANUVAS; Malmarugan, S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Sivaseelan, S.ArticleItem Open Access CLINICAL AND HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA IN CATTLE(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2015-09) Venkatesakumar, E.; Vijayakumar, G.; Subramanian, M.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASSeventy two cattle, 31 buffaloes, 12 calves and 11 buffalo calves affected with pneumonia were included to assess the clinical and biochemical alteration in cattle. The stages of pneumonia were assessed as early, mid and late stage.ArticleItem Open Access Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of the oncogene “Meq” from serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus isolates from India(2017) Suresh, P.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Sukumar, K.; Harikrishnan, T.J.; Srinivasan, P.; TANUVASA study was undertaken to characterise the oncogene Meq at the molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus (MDV) field isolates from vaccinated poultry flocks which had encountered a Marek’s disease outbreak in the southern part of India. The isolates were named Ind/ TN/11/01, Ind/KA/12/02 and Ind/TN/12/03. The oncogene Meq was amplified by PCR and sequenced.ArticleItem Open Access CORRELATION OF ELISA WITH HAEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION TEST IN MEASURING ANTIBODY TITRE AGAINST RANIKHET DISEASE VACCINATION(TANUVAS, 2002-10) Reetha, T. Lurthu; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Dorairajan, N.; TANUVASThe immune response after different vaccinations of Ranikhet disease was measured by ELISA and heamagglutination inhibition test ( HI) and the correlation between these two tests were studied. A positive correlation existed between ELISA titre and HI titre every level in all the vaccinated groups.ArticleItem Open Access Demographic Study of Pneumonia in Cattle in and Around Namakkal, Tamilnadu(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2016-05) Venkatesakumar, E.; Vijayakumar, G.; Subramanian, M.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASPneumonia is one of the important diseases affecting cattle and buffaloes causing severe economic loss to the dairy industry in India. A study has been undertaken to analyze the incidence of pneumonia in cattle in Namakkal, Tamilnadu. The incidence of bacterial pneumonia in cattle, buffaloes, calves and buffalo calves were 4.20, 9.20, 8.96 and 19.64 per cent, respectively among various medical disease conditions. The female animals were most commonly affected when compared to male animals. Incidence of Pneumonia is one of the important diseases affecting cattle and buffaloes causing severe economic loss to the dairy industry in India. A study has been undertaken to analyze the incidence of pneumonia in cattle in Namakkal, Tamilnadu. The incidence of bacterial pneumonia in cattle, buffaloes, calves and buffalo calves were 4.20, 9.20, 8.96 and 19.64 per cent, respectively among various medical disease conditions. The female animals were most commonly affected when compared to male animals. Incidence of pneumonia was high during the month of May and December. Highest incidence of pneumonia was noticed in 3-5 years age cattle (35.71 %) and in 5-7 years of age buffaloes (33.33 %).ArticleItem Open Access Dermatophilosis and its Therapeutic Management in a Ewe(INTAS Polivet, 2013) Parthiban, S.; Malmarugan, S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASA one year old ewe was presented with scab and circumscribed lump formation in skin of both upper and lower lips. Clinical diagnosis of dermatophilosis was confirmed by direct microscopic examination of scab material stained with giemsa staining revealed gram-positive cocci that looked like railroad tracks. Animal was treated with two doses of long acting Oxytetracycline @ 20 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly one day apart have showed clinical improvement. One week after therapy, the ewe completely recovered.ArticleItem Open Access Dermatophytosis in pets: An overview(2014-09) Parthiban, S.; Murugan, M.S.; Malmarugan, S.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; Kumar, V.; TANUVAS