Browsing by Author "PRAKASH, S. S."
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ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF SALT AFFECTED SOILS IN SELECTED LOCATIONS OF CAUVERY COMMAND AREA AND STUDIES ON EFFECT OF NUTRIENT LEVELS AND RATIOS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE IN GYPSUM AMENDED SODIC SOIL(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2015-04-10) VIJAY KUMAR, C.; PRAKASH, S. S.Survey of salt affected soils in four selected locations of Cauvery Command Area indicated that soils are sandy clay loam to clay in texture, slightly acidic to alkaline in reaction (pH 6.2-10.6) with ECe in the range between 0.4 and 11.7dS/m. Soils were low to medium in organic carbon, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and B). Profile studies showed that soil pH, organic carbon and available N decreased with depth. Sodium was the most dominant cation and the ESP of the soils ranged from 1.1 to 58.6. The lowlands have higher sodium and ESP than uplands. The per cent samples falling under salinity and alkalinity or both were 71, 72, 65 and 83 in site 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Field experiments were conducted at ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya during Kharif 2013 and summer 2014 to assess the growth and yield response of rice to nutrient levels and ratios in gypsum amended sodic soil. The experiment were laid out in a randomized complete block design with nineteen treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The results revealed that application of gypsum @ 100% GR and 150:50:50 kg NPK/ha (3:1:1) recorded significantly higher grain (5.37 t/ha) and straw (6.79 t/ha) yield of rice, nutrient content and uptake (129.5, 35.6 and 84.3 kg NPK ha-1) as compared to other nutrient levels and ratios. Further higher secondary and micronutrients content and uptake, nutrient use efficiency, higher gross and net monetary returns and higher B:C ratio (1.86) and decreased pH, ECe and ESP were recorded in the same treatment. The study clearly showed that in sodic soils, application of gypsum @ 100% GR and NPK (150:50:50 kg/ha) is more beneficial in enhancing the crop yield, crop productivity as well as soil fertility.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENRICHED PHOSPHATIC SLUDGE APPLICATION ON SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) AND PADDY (Oryza sativa L.) CROPS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-12-27) ERESH; PRAKASH, S. S.Analysis of enriched phosphatic sludge (EPS) revealed that it contained 11.30 per cent organic carbon, 6.88 per cent phosphorus and appreciable amount of other nutrients and can be used as manure in crop production. Incubation studies revealed that rate of release of major, secondary and micronutrients was higher in T7 (soil + EPS @ 1250 kg ha-1) over control under flooded condition. Pot culture experiments revealed that application of RDF + EPS @ 750 kg ha-1 significantly increased the plant height, dry matter production and nutrient uptake by paddy at 60 DAT. The heavy metal content in soil and plants were below detection limit. Further, field experiments revealed that kernel and stover yield of maize increased with increasing levels of EPS as compared to control and significantly higher kernel (90.84 q ha-1) and stover (110.80 q ha-1) yield and nutrient uptake was recorded due to application of RDF + 750 kg EPS ha-1 and it was on par with RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1. Grain (76.70 q ha-1) and straw (89.37 q ha-1) yield of paddy was higher with the application of RDF + 750 kg EPS ha-1. Nutrient status of soil after harvest of maize and paddy was improved in treatment which received RDF + 1000 kg EPS ha-1, RDF +750 kg EPS ha-1 and RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1. Economic analysis revealed that, highest B: C (2.50) was obtained in treatment T2 which received RDF + FYM 10 t ha-1 in maize and highest B:C (2.46) was obtained in treatment T6 which received RDF + 750 kg EPS ha-1 in case of paddy. The heavy metal elements content was below detection limit both in rice and maize kernel and in soil.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SOURCES AND TIME OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON UPTAKE, GROWTH AND YIELD OF POTATO UNDER RAINFED CONDITION IN HASSAN DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2010-07-15) VIJAY KUMAR, C.; PRAKASH, S. S.Field experiment was conducted during kharif 2009 at Agricultural College Farm, Karekere, Hassan on sandy loamy soil to study the effect of different sources and time of fertilizer application on uptake, growth and yield of potato under rainfed condition in Hassan District. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments replicated thrice. The potato tuber yield (16.50 t ha-1) with the application fertilizers as per the farmers practice (6 bags of 20:20:0:13 and 50 kg urea ha-1) and FYM @ 25 t ha-1 alone (10.92 t ha-1) was significantly lower than that obtained with application of RDF from different sources (N from urea or AS, P from SSP or DAP and K from MOP or SOP) and time of application (at planting or at 15 days after planting) along with FYM @ 25 t ha-1 (20.64 to 22.24 t ha-1). However, the highest tuber yield of 22.24 t ha-1 was obtained with the application of RDF through DAP, urea and SOP along with FYM @ 25 t ha-1 which was at par with the tuber yield recorded in other RDF treatments. The increase in yield due to application of RDF might be attributed to balanced supply of nutrients to the crop at appropriate time. The content and uptake of both macro and micronutrient in haulm and tuber increased with the application of RDF through different sources and their time of application as compared to that observed with farmers practice. The available nutrient status of both macro and micronutrients was increased in the soil after the harvest of the crop due to application of RDF from different fertilizer source along with FYM. Application of recommended dose of NPK from different fertilizer sources along with FYM resulted in higher gross returns and net returns compared to farmers practice. The highest benefit: cost ratio (2.55:1) was observed with the application of RDF through urea, SSP and MOP at planting when FYM cost was not included.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF VARIED LEVELS OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS WITH SULPHUR, ZINC AND BORON ON SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF HYBRID RICE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2015-01-12) HEMANTHA KUMARA, G. B.; PRAKASH, S. S.Field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C. Farm, Mandya to study the effect of varied levels of major nutrients with sulphur, zinc and boron on soil properties, growth and yield of hybrid rice. There were three levels of NPK (0, 125:62.5:62.5 and 150:50:75 kg ha-1, respectively) as main plots and eight subplot treatments comprising control, zinc sulphate, gypsum and borax applied individually and in combinations (0, 20, 100 and 5 kg ha-1, respectively). The experiment was laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice. Significantly higher grain (6188 kg ha-1) and straw (7726 kg ha-1) yield of hybrid rice was recorded due to application of NPK at the rate of 125:62.5:62.5 kg ha-1. Among subplot treatments, application of zinc sulphate, gypsum and zinc sulphate + gypsum + borax recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield compared to control. Uptake of primary, secondary and micronutrients were significantly increased with the application of NPK fertilizers, zinc sulphate, gypsum and borax when compared to control. Similarly available major, secondary and micronutrients status were significantly affected due to application of major nutrients with gypsum, zinc sulphate and borax. Higher gross returns was recorded in the treatment that received 125:62.5:62.5 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O and 20 kg ha-1 of zinc sulphate as compared to other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF GREENGRAM AND BLACKGRAM TO METHOD AND LEVELS OF MICRONUTRIENTS MIXTURE APPLICATION IN SOILS OF CAUVERY COMMAND AREA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2020-06-09) DIVYASHREE, K.S.; PRAKASH, S. S.Response of greengram and blackgram to method and levels of micronutrients mixture application in soils of Cauvery Command Area was studied at College of Agriculture, V.C. Farm, Mandya during Kharif 2017 and 2018. The experiments were laid out in RCBD with fourteen treatments viz., control, RDF + FYM, foliar application of MMF1 (Fe + Mn+ Zn + Cu + Mo) and MMF2 (MMF1+B) at 20 DAS, 40 DAS, 20 and 40 DAS and soil application of MMS1 (2 times of MMF2), MMS2 (2 times of MMS1), MMS3 (MMS1 –B) and MMS4 (MMS2 –B). The results revealed that application of FYM + RDF + MMF1 at 20 DAS and MMF2 at 40 DAS recorded significantly higher yield in greengram (1054.55 kg ha-1) and blackgram (1591.52 kg ha- 1) compared to all other treatments except FYM + RDF + MMS2 and FYM + RDF + MMF2 at 40 DAS treatments. The content of Fe (51.23 and 47.60 %), Mn (36.25 and 9.11 %), Zn (28.04 and 29.99 %), Cu (12.36 and 6.00 %) and B (22.99 and 18.64 %) in seeds were increased due to application of FYM + RDF + MMF1 at 20 DAS + MMF2 at 40 DAS over FYM+RDF treatment in greengram and blackgram, respectively. The nutritional factors like protein, antioxidants activity were increased, while antinutritional factors decreased with the micronutrients mixture application. Soil available nutrients were significantly higher with the soil application of micronutrients mixture + FYM + RDF treatments compared to control and FYM + RDF. Higher benefit cost ratio (1.98 and 3.24) was observed with the application of MMF1 at 20 DAS + MMF2 at 40 DAS + FYM + RDF in greengram and blackgram, respectively and was on par with MMF2 application at 40 DAS.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PAPER MILL EFFLUENT ON SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE IN RICE-RICE CROPPING SYSTEM(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2014-10-10) PRABHUDEV, DHUMGOND.; PRAKASH, S. S.Field experiments were conducted in the premises of South India Paper Mill Pvt. Ltd., near Nanjangudu (12° 07' North latitude and 76° 68' East longitude) during 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of paper mill effluent (PME) on soil properties, growth and yield of rice with ten treatments replicated thrice using RCBD design. The changes in properties of soil due to continuous irrigation of PME for <5, 5-10 and >10 years to grow sugarcane were studied. Secondary treated paper mill effluent was acidic (6.26 ± 0.2) in nature, medium in electrical conductivity (1.81 ± 0.1 dS m-1), BOD load (35.2 ± 2 mg l-1) was optimum and COD load was higher (287 ± 4.2 mg l-1) but low in plant nutrients. In rice-rice cropping system treatment which received irrigation with fresh water + 150 % RDN recorded significantly higher grain (5.14 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.34 t ha-1) compared to other treatments. Significantly lower grain (4.06 t ha-1) and straw yield (5.14 t ha-1) was recorded in treatment receiving paper mill effluent + RDF. Soil properties like pH, EC, available P2O5 (63.5 kg ha-1), K2O (636.3 kg ha-1) and exchangeable Na (0.616 c mol (p+) kg-1) secondary and micronutrients content were higher in treatment receiving paper mill effluent + RDF while, the SOC (9.9 g kg-1) and available N (412.1 kg ha-1) were higher in treatment receiving paper mill effluent + 150 %RDN . In the fields irrigated continuously with PME to grow sugarcane the mean pH, EC, SOC, N, P, K, S, exchangeable-Ca, Mg, Na and DTPA- Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and boron content in surface soils of >10 years of effluent irrigated fields were higher compared to 5-10, <5 years and control fields. The content of available macro and micro nutrients were decreased with depth.ThesisItem Embargo SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS AND EVALUATING ITS EFFICACY ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY AND PHOSPHORUS USE EFFICIENCY IN ALFISOL(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) RASHMI, C. M.; PRAKASH, S. S.Nano phosphorus fertilizers namely hydroxyapatite (NP1), nano rockphosphate (NP2) and carboxy methyl cellulose coated hydroxyapatite (NP3) were synthesized and characterized using PXRD, SEM, FTIR and DLS techniques which confirmed all the synthesized materials having nano material characteristics. Incubation study was conducted for 120 days using the synthesized nano phosphorus materials. The results revealed that saloid bound P, aluminium bound P, iron bound P, calcium bound P and reductant soluble P content decreased while occluded P, organic P and total P content (142.7 to 144.06 mg kg-1) increased with incubation time. To evaluate the efficacy of nano P fertilizer in maize, a field experiment was conducted with eleven treatments replicated t hrice. The results revealed that T9 treatment recorded significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes and yield (73.59 q ha-1) of maize. The nutrients (macro and micronutrient) content in maize kernel and stover were significantly higher with the application of 75% RDP through SSP along with nano P fertilizers (Either 5% RDP through soil application or 1% RDP through foliar spray or both). Available N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S content in postharvest soil were increased in 100% RPP treatment. Higher PUE (38.20 %) was found in T9 treatment. Higher B:C ratio of 3.03 was recorded in T10 treatment. The content of saloid bound P, aluminium bound P, iron bound P, reductant soluble P and Ca bound P content in soil decreased while content of organic P, occluded P and total P in soil increased with crop growth period in all the treatments which received 75 % RDP through SSP along with nano P fertilizers. From this investigation, it is confirmed that soil application of nano-P @ 5% RDP or foliar application @ 1% RDP or combined application can reduce 25 per cent application of conventional P fertilizers