Browsing by Author "Meignanalakshmi, S"
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ThesisItem Restricted BACILLUS SPP AS A NOVEL BIOCONTROL AGENT AGAINST COCCIDIOSIS IN BROILERS(2018) Aadithya, T; Meignanalakshmi, S; Parthiban, M; Raman, M; TANUVASIn the present study, PHB a biopolymer produced by Bacillus spp was evaluated against coccidiosis. PHB production by Bacillus spp was screened by Sudan Black staining and confirmed by Nile Red staining. The produced PHB was characterized by FTIR, NMR and XRD analysis. The characterized PHB was further used to evaluate its effect against sporulation inhibition and cell wall integrity of E.tenella oocyst. PHB at different doses (10, 20, 50 and 100mg) were used for sporulation inhibition studies. Potassium dichromate (2.5%) and oocyst suspension were used as positive and negative control. The sporulated and unsporulated oocyst were counted at 0, 24 and 48 hrs interval and sporulation inhibition percentage was calculated. PHB at the dose rate of 100mg (62.40%) has highest effect on inhibiting the sporulation of E.tenella oocysts when compared to other doses of PHB 50mg (53.33%), 20mg (45.42%), 10mg (46.20%) and positive control group (8.60%) at 24 hours. At 48 hrs, PHB at the dose rate of 100mg (31.70%) showed highest inhibition effect when compared to other doses of PHB 50mg (25.65%), 20mg (19%), 10mg (13.90%) and positive control group (8.60%). At the dose rate of 100mg of PHB, breakage was noticed at the outer proteinaceous wall of E.tenella oocyst.ArticleItem Open Access Detection and Molecular Characterization of Food Borne Pathogens from Ready to Eat Meat and Milk Products(2020-05) Rathnapraba, S; Shathish Sharma, BJ; Kanagaraju, P; Meignanalakshmi, S; Manoharan, S; TANUVASFoodborne illness still remains a major threat to public health. Among the various pathogens causing food borne outbreaks, Salmonella sps, Stapylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter sps have been incriminated for majority of outbreak cases. Now – a – days consumption of minimally processed ready to eat (RTE) food products increases the risk of food borne diseases. The aim of the present investigation was to detect the presence of FSSAI notified six food pathogens from ready to eat food products. A total of 250 samples (including milk, milk products, meat and meat products) were screened for the presence of food-borne bacterial pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Streptococcus sp and Salmonella sp on selective medium. Further, culture positive colonies were screened by colony morphology, gram staining, biochemical analysis and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus spp. The results revealed that the Staphylococcus aureus had 100% resistant against Vancomycin, Methicillin and Penicillin antibiotics and Bacillus cereus isolates had 100% resistant against Vancomycin and Penicillin antibiotics and 100% sensitive towards Methicillin. Whereas the Streptococcus sp. shows 100% resistant against Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin. The prevalence of multidrug resistant pathogenic isolates in ready to eat food products may act as potential source of foodborne intoxication under favourable conditions which need to be addressed.ArticleItem Open Access Ebola Virus Disease- An Overview(2018-11) Aadithya, T; Meignanalakshmi, S; Vijayarani, K; TANUVASEbola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness, with a case fatality rate of upto 90%. It is a severe contagious zoonotic disease affecting humans and non-human primates. It is caused by a virus belongs to the genus Ebola of Filoviridae family. This virus is a single stranded negative sense RNA consists of four glycoprotein which is required for replication and transcription. It can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with blood, tissue, body fluids and secretions from an infected animal or human. The Ebola virus (EBOV) is the cause of an emerging disease that may be harbored across a much larger geographic range then previously assumed. The present large outbreak of EBOV illustrates how an emerging disease may start and spread, the difficulty of containment and the socio-political factors that may appear during an emerging disease outbreak. There are no licensed specific treatments or vaccine available for use in people or animals.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Genotypes of Beta Lacto Globulin on Milk yield and Milk composition during four Lactation Periods in Red Sindhi cows(2013-12) Meignanalakshmi, S; Gopi, H; Mahalainga Nainar, A; TANUVASThe present study was undertaken to study the effect of Beta lactoglobulin ( -LG) genotypes on milk yield and milk composition during four lactation periods. Individual mid lactation milk samples of 75 ml of each were collected from 95 Red Sindhi cows in first, second, third and fourth lactation period maintained at Livestock research station, Hosur. Effect of genotypes of -LG AA, AB and BB on milk fat% , protein%,Casein%,Total solids% and 305 days milk yield were analysed by completely random design by least square analysis. -LG genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were found to be having highly significant (P 0.01) effect on Fat% during first and second lactation and significant effect (P 0.05) during third and fourth lactation respectively. -LG genotypes were found to be having significant effect on protein% during first, second, third and fourth lactation periods. Genotypes of -LG were found to be having significant effect on casein% during first lactation and highly significant effect during second, third and fourth lactation periods. -LG genotypes were found to be having significant effect on total solids % during first lactation period only and no significant effect during second, third and fourth lactation periods. -LG genotypes were found to be having highly significant effect on milk yield during first and third lactation period and significant effect during second and fourth lactation periods.ArticleItem Open Access ELECTROPHORETUC PATTERN ON MURRAH BUFFALO WHEY PROTEIN-BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN(2007) Meignanalakshmi, S; Mahalinga Nainar, A; TANUVASMilk protein genetic polymorphism have evoked considerable research interest in recent years because of possible association between milk protein genotypes and economically important traits in dairy cattle. The existence of genetic polymorphism in milk protein came into light by the first detection of two forms of beta-lactoglobulins (β-lg) by Aschaffenburg and Drewry(l955).ArticleItem Open Access Enhancement of Biohydrogen Production from Cattle Rumen Fluid by Optimization of Micronutrients(Indian Veterinary Association, 2019-10) Maman, Merli; Meignanalakshmi, S; Vijayarani, K; Gopi, H; Meenakshi Sundaram, S; TANUVASIn this study, biohydrogen was produced by dark fermentation using the microbes present in the rumen of the cattle as inoculum and the rumen fluid as the medium. Initially the biohydrogen produced was found to be of 29.6 μmol/ 70ml of rumen uid. The parameters such as pH and micronutrients were optimized for enhanced biohydrogen production. The pH 6 produced comparatively higher biohydrogen of 29.64 μmol/ 70ml of rumen fluid among the pH 4, 5 and 7. The Micronutrients such as Ferrous, Magnesium and Potassium in the concentration of 0.5M produced higher amount of biohydorgen when compared to other concentrations and the amount of biohydrogen produced was 274, 25.31 and 36.27/70 ml of the rumen fluid respectively.ArticleItem Open Access HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF BASAL CELL TUMOR IN A DOG – A CASE REPORT(Excellent Publishers, 2018-02) Meignanalakshmi, S; Charulatha, M; Vijayarani, K; TANUVAS; TANUVASRumen fluid a major slaughter house waste is known to have numerous microorganisms which include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, Archaea and viruses. These Microbes in the rumen fluid not only have the ability to ferment a variety of carbohydrates but also degrades and ferment a significant portion of dietary protein. In the present study the rumen fluid is evaluated for its ability to reduce heavy metals- Zinc, Copper and Lead. Rumen fluid collected from slaughter house was inoculated in Nutrient broth added with heavy metals- Zinc, Copper and Lead. The medium was collected for every 24hrs and was centrifuged and the supernatant was analyzed for the heavy metal reduction. The Bioremediation of heavy metals- Zinc, Copper and Lead was evaluated for 96hours and was found to be reduced in the medium at 96th hr by 40%, 33% and 15% respectively.ThesisItem Restricted IMMUNOMODULATORY POTENTIAL OF MICROENCAPSULATED MULTISPECIES PROBIOTIC CONSORTIUM IN NDV VACCINATED CHICKEN(2018) Radhika, Ganta; Parthiban, M; Meignanalakshmi, S; Karunakar, R; TANUVASA study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of microencapsulated multispecies probiotics in immunomodulation of NDV vaccinated chicken. The probiotic bacteria were isolated from native chicken using MRS broth. A total of 14 single colony pure stock cultures were prepared and subjected for phenotypic, biochemical and also for immunomodulatory potential analysis. These lactic acid bacteria were phenotypically characterized by Gram’s staining and Transmission Electron Microscopy image analysis and biochemically characterized based on their sugar fermentation profile by using 20 sugars, bile tolerance, pH tolerance and enzyme analysis by using 19 different enzymes. All the organisms were subjected for molecular characterization by using 16S-23S rRNA spacer region as a target for PCR amplification. The purified PCR products to sequenced to identify the organisms at species level.ArticleItem Open Access In Vitro Evaluation of Natural Keratin Based Hydrogel from Chicken Feather Waste for Controlled Drug Release(Excellent Publishers, 2018-10) Chandini, Sakthi D; Charulatha, M; Legadevi, R; Meignanalakshmi, S; TANUVASIn the present study keratin was extracted from chicken feather using the reductants beta mercaptoethanol, urea and SDS. The extracted keratin was lyophilised and was used to prepare hydrogel. Prepared hydrogel was characterized using SEM and FTIR. The prepared keratin hydrogel was used for encapsulation of tetracycline. The percentage of drug encapsulation in keratin hydrogel was found to be 92.5%. The in vitro release of tetracycline from keratin hydrogel was carried out in PBS for 24hrs and was found to be released in a slow and sustained manner.ArticleItem Open Access Molecular Detection of Food Borne Pathogen Bacillus cereus in Ready to Eat Meat Products(2020-04) Rathnapraba, S; Shathish Sharma, BJ; Saranya, S; Meignanalakshmi, S; TANUVASBacillus cereus is a causative agent for common foodborne outbreaks. In this study, we investigate the presence of food borne bacterial pathogen, Bacillus cereus in ready to eat meat products by cultural and molecular techniques and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Ready to eat meat products (n = 115) were procured from commercial outlets in and around Chennai. Enumeration and isolation of B. cereus was performed by conventional culture and molecular method targeting 185 bp of haemolysin (HL) gene. The isolates obtained were tested for antibiotic sensitivity against commonly used antibiotics. Out of 115 samples screened, 29 found to be positive with 25.2% incidence rate of Bacillus cereus in meat products. The obtained six isolates of B. cereus had 100% resistance against vancomycin and penicillin. The isolates were sensitive towards methicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol antibiotics. Hence, the occurrence of B. cereus in ready to eat meat products with the isolates being resistant to antibiotics may cause a serious public health concern and need to be addressed.ArticleItem Open Access A Preliminary in vitro Study to Evaluate Poly-3-Hydroxy Butyrate as an Anticoccidial Agent against Oocysts of E. tenella(Excellent Publishers, 2018-08) Aadithya, T; Meignanalakshmi, S; Raman, M; Parthiban, M; Vijayarani, K; TANUVASThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Poly-3-Hydroxy butyrate against the sporulation of oocyst of E. tenella. In this study four different doses of PHB which was extracted from the Bacillus subtilis culture, 10, 20, 50and 100mg were used with 2.5% potassium dichromate as positive control and distilled water as negative control. The experiment was carried out in 24 well plates. The sporulation efficiency was evaluated by counting the sporulated and unsporulated oocysts using haemocytometer and percentage efficiency of sporulation inhibition was calculated. Data were analysed using chi square test. The PHB at 100mg concentration showed significant effect on sporulation inhibition when compared to other doses of PHB and positive control.ArticleItem Open Access A Preliminary Study to Evaluate S. warneri MF612183 Isolated from Tannery Effluent for Bioremediation of Heavy Metals(2018-04) Meignanalakshmi, S; Charulatha, M; Vijayarani, K; TANUVASTannery effluent, a major source of water pollution, contains solids, nitrogen, sulphides, neutral salts and heavy metals as major components of pollutant. In the present study Staphylococcus warneri isolated from tannery effluent was evaluated for its ability to reduce the levels of four selected heavy metals; Zinc, Copper, Chromium and Lead. The DNA was isolated from the strain and its 16srRNA have been amplified. The PCR product was sequenced and the amplified product was found to be 1002bp. The isolate was found to be Staphylococcus warneri and the sequence was submitted to genbank and accession number obtained is MF612183. The isolate was grown in nutrient broth along with added heavy metals for about 4 days. The culture was centrifuged and its supernatant was analyzed for heavy metal reduction for every 24hrs. The isolate was found to reduce Zinc, Copper, Chromium and Lead at the end of fourth day by 95%, 86%, 74.6% and 70% respectively at 96 hours.ArticleItem Open Access Preparation of microspheres using poly-3-hydroxybutyrate biopolymer and its characterization(2018-05) Swornakumari, C; Meignanalakshmi, S; Legadevi, R; Palanisammi, A; TANUVASAim : Methodology : Results : Interpretation : Biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate is one of the most common biopolymer which is used in different fields such as medicine, agriculture, textile, industrial and food packaging. PHB microspheres are useful for targeting drugs to specific infection sites and for prolonged drug release. The present study focus on microsphere preparation for effective controlled drug release using poly-3- hydroxy butyrate biopolymer.ArticleItem Open Access Production of Cellulase from Bacillus subtilis under Solid- State Fermentation Using Fiber Wastes of Palmyra Palm(Excellent Publishers, 2017-06) Roopa, R; Charulatha, M; Meignanalakshmi, S; TANUVASIn the present study, the production of cellulase has been carried out using novel natural waste as substrates by Bacillus subtilis isolated from slaughter house waste rumen fluid. Bacillus subtilis was screened for cellulase production by Congo red assay. pH and temperature were optimized. Agricultural wastes such as Hay, fiber waste of palmyra palm and banana bracts were used as a substrate for cellulase production. Substrates with or without pretreatment using NaOH solution were used for solid state fermentation. After 48hrs of fermentation, extracts were drawn and tested for enzyme activity by DNSA method and total protein content by Lowry’s method. Cellulase activity was found to be 0.1519, 0.0759 and 0.05557 μmol ml-1min-1 when fibers of palmyra palm, hay and banana bracts were used as substrates. Raw cellulose content was found to be 37%, 32% and 23.2% in fibers of palmyra palm, hay and banana bracts respectively. Fibers of palmyra palm were found to be having maximum enzyme activity of 0.1519μmol ml-1min-1 at pH 7, at 48hrs of incubation.ThesisItem Restricted PROPIDIUM MONOAZIDE (PMA) QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (q PCR) FOR DETECTION OF LIVE BACTERIA IN FOOD SAMPLES(2018) Shathish Sharma, BJ; Rathnapraba, S; Meignanalakshmi, S; TANUVASThe present study was aimed to investigate the presence of foodborne bacterial pathogens in meat products. A total of 100 meat samples (including raw chicken, chicken nuggets, sausage, Kheema, cutlet, meat balls, pakoda, raw mutton, mutton balls, pork sausage, kheema, khabab, ham bacon, beef khabab, cubes, kheema and sausage) have been collected from different retail outlets in Chennai. The overall occurrence of B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli in different meat samples were found to be 15%, 20% and 14%respectively. All the presumptive colonies were subjected to molecular screening by targeting the Hemolysin gene, fem A gene and mal B gene in B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Based on the molecular characterization, about 11, 5 and 5 isolates of B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli were identical in screened meat samples. The isolates from the meat and meat products were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test and the results revealed that all the isolates showed 100% resistance to Vancomycin and Penicillin. Staphylococcus aureus shows 100% resistance to Methicillin and 68.8% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. In B. cereus they showed 100% sensitivity to methicillin whereas E. coli showed 100% resistance to ampicillin and 100% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. PMA-qPCR was developed to quantify the viable foodborne bacterial pathogen in meat products. In the present study 2.5 mM concentration of PMA dye was used, which will help to prevent the amplification of DNA from the dead cells. The developed PMA-qPCR had the detection limit of 1X101.25 CFU/g, 1X100.80CFU/g and 1X 100.4 CFU/g forB. cereus, S.aureus and E. coli respectively. These PMA qPCR results were compared with conventional qPCR. These results indicated that the developed PMA-qPCR was more sensitive than the conventional culture method. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of developed PMA-qPCR were calculated using Kappa statistics method. The sensitivity of PMA-qPCR for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were found to be 60%, 54.4% and 60% respectively. Specificity of the PMA qPCR was found to be 66.7%, 66.7% and 64.4% for Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. The PMA q-PCR could discriminate among viable and dead bacteria it detect only live bacteria from the food samples.