Browsing by Author "Madheswaran, R"
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ArticleItem Unknown Antigenotoxic Effect of Nano-quercetin on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Induced Genotoxocity in Sprague Dawley Rats(2019) Shahana, S; Madheswaran, R; Balachandran, P; Arivuchelvan, A; Balasubramaniam, GA; TANUVASAgents that inhibit DNA adduct formation, stimulate DNA repair mechanisms and possess antioxidant functions are considered antigenotoxic agents. An investigation was undertaken as the antigenotoxic effect of quercetin and nanoquercetin against 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced genotoxicity by analysing the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs). Elevated MnPCEs frequency was observed in DMBA group. Treatment with quercetin and nano-quercetin reduced the frequency of micronucleus formation. It was *Part of the M.V.Sc., thesis of the rst author submitted to the TANUVAS, Chennai-51. 1Corresponding author: Email : shahanaabi148@gmail.com R.Thangadurai and P.S.Shanmugam The Indian Veterinary Journal 36 (December, 2019) demonstrated that nano-quercetin reduced the micronucelus frequency against DMBA induced genotoxicity in the female Sprague Dawley rats.ArticleItem Unknown Avian Encephalomyelitis Associated Corneal Opacity in Commercial Layer Chicken(2020-03) Madheswaran, R; Balasubramaniam, GA; Srinivasan, P, et al.,; TANUVASThe corneal opacity was observed in 20 out of 50 birds of five different flocks affected with avian encephalomyelitis. Birds showed signs like opacification of cornea, tremor, leg weakness, reduced feed and water intake, drop in egg production and death. Twenty two out of 50 serum samples showed increased antibody titres for avian encephalomyelitis virus.The affected birds did not show any gross lesions at necropsy.ArticleItem Open Access Avian Encephalomyelitis Associated Corneal Opacity in Commercial Layer Chicken(2020-03) Madheswaran, R; Balasubramaniam, GA; Srinivasan, P; Sukumar, K; Kathirvel, S; TANUVASThe corneal opacity was observed in 20 out of 50 birds of five different flocksaffected with avian encephalomyelitis. Birds showed signs like opacification of cornea, tremor, leg weakness, reduced feed and water intake, drop in egg production and death. Twenty two out of 50 serum samples showed increased antibody titres for avian encephalomyelitis virus.The affected birds did not show any gross lesions at necropsy. Microscopically eyes showed degeneration and coagulation of lensprotein with mononuclear cell infiltration. Brain revealed gliosis, central chromatolysis, neuronal degeneration and perivascular cuffing.Proventriculus, gizzard and panc reatic islets showed lymphocyticinfiltrations.ArticleItem Open Access Bilateral Pyelonephritis in a Sow(Indian Veterinary Association, 2014-03) Madheswaran, R; Sivaseelan, S; Ramesh, V; Ramesh Saravana Kumar, V; Balasubramaniam, GA; Balachandran, P; Arulmozhi, A; TANUVASA Large White Yorkshire sow was having the history of labour and dystocia at her near term. Afier careful obstetrical examination, dysto- cia had been relieved and twelve live piglets were removed. The sow collapsed immediately after removal of another dead piglet two day later. At necropsy, cortical surfaces of the both the kidneys showed few depressed area. On incision, pus pockets were showing oozing of purulent exudates. Microscopical examination of kidneys revealed infiltration of inflamma- tory cells mainly neutrophils and lymphocytes.ArticleItem Open Access A case report of non-systemic highly aggressive melanoma in a cow(Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologists, 2019-04) Madheswaran, R; Shahana, S; Gopal, K; Sankar, P; TANUVASA five-year-old Jersey cow with a history of growing mass in the brisket region since 5 months was brought for the treatment at Veterinary Hospital. The radiographic details of the animal revealed no metastasized masses in the distant organs like heart and lungs. Grossly, the cut surfaces of growing mass was dark blackish with shades of brown colour. Microscopically, the growth revealed proliferating neoplastic melanocytes differentiated to form solid sheets, cellular clusters and parallel cords. The neoplastic cells were invaded into nearby blood vessels indicative of micrometastasis. The cells were pleomorphic in nature laden with dark brown to black coloured melanin pigment. The nuclei were hyperchromatic contained 2-3 prominent nucleoli. Few multinucleated giant cells and high mitotic figures were also seen. The melanin pigment was confirmed by Masson-Fontana-Silver staining technique. The histopathological characteristics with micrometastasis and radiography were indicative of non-systemic melanoma.ArticleItem Open Access Clinico-pathological investigation of infl ammatory mammary carcinomas in bitches(2022) Nandhini, S; Madheswaran, R; Balasubramaniam, GA., et al.,; TANUVASA study was conducted to elucidate the altered clinico-pathological parameters in diagnosis and prognosis of infl ammatory mammary carcinomas in bitches. Blood and serum samples were collected from 30 each normal and tumor bearing bitches for haemato-biochemical analysis. A signifi cant (P<0.05) reduction of total erythrocyte count and highly signifi cant (P<0.01) reduction of packed cell volume were noticed in tumor aff ected bitches. A signifi cant (P<0.05) elevation of mean corpuscular haemoglobin and highly signifi cant (P<0.01) elevation of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and total leucocyte count were observed in mammary tumor aff ected dogs. A signifi cant (P<0.05) increase in total cholesterol and highly signifi cant (P<0.01) increase in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and potassium values were noticed in tumor bearing bitches. Highly signifi cant (P<0.01) reduction in albumin and signifi cant (P<0.05) reduction in calcium were also noticed. An elevation of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidase values whereas reduction of catalase value were noticed in the tumor tissues. Histopathologically, the tumors were classifi ed as benign (2) and malignant (28) tumors with infi ltration of infl ammatory cells in 18 cases. The haemato-biochemical alterations due to antioxidants and lipid peroxidase were consistent in the diagnosis and management of mammary tumors in bitches.ArticleItem Open Access Clinico-pathological studies and immunohistochemical expression of hormonal receptors in perianal gland tumors of dogs(2021-09) Madheswaran, R; Prabhakaran, KP; Srinivasan, P, et al.,; TANUVASAn investigation was conducted to study the clinico-pathological features and hormonal receptors expression in perianal gland tumors of dogs. Hematological parameters of the aff ected dogs did not show any changes for TEC, Hb, Hct, platelets, TLC and DLC. Serum biochemical values like glucose, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus did not show any alterations. Grossly, cut surface of the tumor masses revealed greyish white, blood tinged and caulifl ower-like growths. Wright-Giemsa stained impression smears prepared from fi ne needle aspirates revealed a population of hepatoid cells mixed with few basaloid cells. Histopathologically, six cases of adenoma and three cases of carcinoma were observed. Adenoma was characterised by discrete bundles of large and round neoplastic cells. The cells were round to polygonal in shape and appeared as closely packed hepatocytes. A deeply basophilic round cells known as basaloid cells were found at the periphery of the lobules. The features of carcinomas were similar to adenoma but tend to grow faster, more fi rm and ulcerated. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues revealed positive expression of estrogen receptor alpha, androgen receptor and human epidermal growth factor-2 and negative expression to progesterone receptor and pan-cytokeratin. The expression of hormonal receptors indicated the role of gonadal hormones in the development of perianal gland tumors in dogs.ArticleItem Open Access Congenital nephroblastoma in a Holstein-Friesian fetus - case report(2014) Madheswaran, R; Palanisamy, M; Manokaran, S; et al.; TANUVASA seven-year-old Holstein-Friesian cow was brought to the hospital with signs of dystocia in the eighth month of gestation. The dystocia was relieved and a dead male fetus removed. The fetus had a signifi cantly distended abdomen. At necropsy, the fetus showed a very large, round and well encapsulated extra renal mass in the abdominal cavity. The cut surfaces of the mass showed a white, caulifl ower-like growth with red surfaces. The lobules were spongy and distinctly demarcated by fat and hemorrhages. Microscopic examination of the tissue sections revealed blastemal, epithelial and mesenchymal elements. These cells were round to oval in shape with scanty cytoplasm. The nuclei were spherical, sometimes vesicular and hyperchromatic. The epithelial structures resembled the development of tubulo-glomerulogenesis. The mesenchymal cells were polyhedral in shape, found between the tubules. The gross and microscopic features of the tissue sections were consistent with a diagnosis of nephroblastoma.ArticleItem Open Access Cytopathological and immunohistochemical assessment of mammary tumors in male dogs(2020) Prabhakaran, KP; Balasubramaniam, GA; Madheswaran, R; Raja, A; TANUVASThree male dogs aff ected with mammary tumors brought for treatment were aged 7 to 10 years. Tumor was noted at right caudal thoracic in one dog and left caudal thoracic region in two dogs. The mean haemato-biochemical parameters revealed no alterations except leucocytosis associated neutrophilia and elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. The serum sex hormones estradiol and progesterone were increased, whereas, testosterone values were unaltered. Grossly, cut surface of the tumor mass from one dog revealed greyish white, blood tinged and caulifl ower like growth. Fine needle aspiration smears revealed neoplastic cells mixed with infl ammatory cells. Histopathologically the tumor mass revealed extensive proliferation of dense fi brous tissue, area of chondroid diff erentiation and transformation of fi broblast into cartilage. Proliferating neoplastic cells showed degeneration, necrosis and infi ltration of infl ammatory cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues revealed triple negative phenotype for estrogen and progesterone receptors and Human Epidermal Growth Factor-2, but positive reaction for cytokeratin. Clinico-pathological investigations and immunohistochemical features were consistent in diagnosis of mammary tumors in male dogs.ArticleItem Open Access Evaluation of the CHOP Chemotherapy on Ethylnitrosurea Induced Clastogenicity in Wistar Rats(2020-07) Madheswaran, R; Balasubramaniam, GA; Srinivasan, P, et al.,; TANUVASAn experiment was conducted to study the antileukemogenic treatment protocol against ethyl nitrosurea (ENU) induced clastogenicity in Wistar rats. Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) were induced in rats by injection of ENU and treated with CHOP chemotherapy protocol. Bone marrow cytology smears were prepared, stained and examined for myeloid and erythroid series of cells and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs). The cytotoxic and clastogenic potential of CHOP drugs against LPD in Wistar rats were studied and the reversal effect of the clastogenicity was demonstratedArticleItem Open Access Gross morphological studies on the bursa of fabricius in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)(2019) Lavanya, C; Balasundaram, K; Jayachitra, S; Madheswaran, R; TANUVASThe present study was undertaken to explain the gross morphology and morphometry of bursa of Fabricius in Japanese quail. Bursa were collected from day-old to eight months of age of both the sexes. The bursa of Fabricius was located attached to the dorsal wall of the proctodeum and its shape and colour varied at different age groups. The maximum weight, length, width and number of plicae in the lumen of the bursa increased gradually and reached maximum at 5 weeks of age in both sexes.ArticleItem Open Access HEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY AND ITS INTERPRETATION IN ANIMAL DISEASES(TANUVAS, 2020-02) Madheswaran, R; TANUVASA Complete blood count (CBC) provides a minimum set of values that can be determined reliable and cost effectively in the hospital setting. The CBC should consist of atleast the following basic information‘ - Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) - Packed cell volume (PCV) - Total Red blood cell (RBC) count - Total white blood cell (WBC) countArticleItem Open Access Histomorphological Study of Harderian Gland in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(Pashupati Foundation India, 2019) Lavanya, C; Balasundaram, K; Jayachitra, S; Madheswaran, R; TANUVASHarderian gland acts as a peripheral lymphoid organ in avian species, which involved in activation and terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes and proliferation of plasma cells. The Harderian gland samples were collected from different age groups of Japanese quail birds and the tissues were processed through routine techniques for studying the histomorphological details of the organ. The Harderian gland was a compound tubulo acinar gland comprised of secretory acini in the periphery of the gland with ductular system composed of tertiary, secondary and primary ducts. The interstitial space of the gland contained large population of age dependent plasma cells, lymphocytes, Russell bodies, myoepithelial cells and mast cells. The number of plasma cells and Russell bodies increased from first week of age to adult age, with maximum population observed between 2nd and 3rd months of age in Japanese quail.ThesisItem Open Access Individual and Combined Effects of Aflatoxcin and T2 Toxin in Japanese Quail(TANUVAS, 2002) Madheswaran, R; TANUVAS; Balachandran, C; Manohar, B. Murali; Kumanan, KArticleItem Open Access INVESTIGATION OF POISONOUS CASES UNDER FIELD CONDITION(TANUVAS, 2020-02) Madheswaran, R; TANUVASAn accurate diagnosis is the single most important factor in dealing with poisoned animals. The offending agent may be known or unknown. Chemical analysis of biological samples is very important in diagnosis of poisoning. The diagnostic laboratory requires complete history, clinical signs and post mortem findings. This information greatly aids the laboratory personnel to decide on the best course of chemical analysis.ArticleItem Open Access Pathobiology of Naturally Occurring Uncomplicated Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale Infection in Layer Chicken(2014-01) Sivaseelan, S; Balasubramaniam, GA; Balachandran, P; Madheswaran, R; TANUVASPathobiology of uncomplicated Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection in layer chicken was evaluated in 30 commercial layer chicken farms. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale organism was confirmed by its growth characteristics on agar media and typical morphology on Gram’s staining. Commonly encountered concurrent respiratory virus and bacteria were ruled out. Polymerase chain reaction technique was used to rule out Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Newcastle disease and Infectious bronchitis were screened by haemaggutination and inhibition tests and bacterial diseases like Colibacillosis, Pasteurellosis and Infectious coryza were ruled out by culture and staining techniques. Uncomplicated cases of ORT revealed mild sinusitis with crusts in the external nares, mild subcutaneous swelling of face, catarrhal rhinitis and tracheitis, airsacculitis and unilateral or bilateral pneumonic changes of the lungs. Foamy, whitish, yogurt like exudates with strands of fibrin was observed in the abdominal airsacs. Gross and histopathological changes were observed throughout the respiratory tract and seven per cent mortality was recorded in the uncomplicated cases.ArticleItem Open Access Pathology of Naturally Occurring Johne’s Disease in Goats(2020-08) Madheswaran, R; Mohanavel, S; Balasubramaniam, GA; Anandha Prakash Singh, D; TANUVASJohne’s disease was diagnosed in three Jamunapari goats. They showed progressive weight loss, emaciation, chronic enteritis and respiratory distress. The gross lesions observed were gelatinisation of mesenteric fat, accumulation of serous fluid in the body cavities, frothy exudation in the trachea and lungs. The mid-ileum showed thickening with typical “corrugated appearance” of the mucosa. The intestinal scrapings revealed numerous clumps of acid fast bacilli. Histopathologically, intestinal mucosa showed “diphtheritic membrane” formation characterised by multinucleated giant cells and epithelioid cells.ArticleItem Open Access Periorbital Frontal Sinus Osteoma in a Jersey Cow(2014-05) Madheswaran, R; Kumaresan, A; Kathirvel, S; TANUVASA case of periorbital frontal sinus osteoma in a Jersey cow was observed at Hospital Campus, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal. Animal was having growth on the periorbital region with concurrent proptosis and ocular discharge. Space occupying lesion was noticed on skull radiography. Representative bony pieces were removed from the growth for histopathology. Microscopical examination revealed the features of osteoma which consists of sparse population of spindle cells, few attened cells and moderate amount of brous connective tissue. Neoplastic cells were woven with poorly-differentiated brocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes. They were dysplastic and atypical containing centrally placed spherical nuclei. Cells were attempting to form dense, compact and concentric laminations. Radiography, gross and microscopy ndings were consistent in diagnosis of frontal sinus osteoma.