Browsing by Author "Latha, P G"
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ThesisItem Open Access Medicinal and nutraceutical potential of giant mushroom (Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge)(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2014) Pamitha, N S; KAU; Latha, P GThe study entitled “Medicinal and nutraceutical potential of giant mushroom (Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge)” was conducted at the Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division and Microbiology Division of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, during the year 2013 to 2014. The objectives of the study was to assess the medicinal and nutraceutical potential of Macrocybe gigantea with special emphasis on immunomodulation, hepatoprotection and diversity evaluation. Macrocybe gigantea cultures were procured from DMR, Solan. The culture and cultivation conditions were standardised in different substrates, media, pH and temperature. The temperature preference for substrates and the effect of sterilization methods were also studied. The immunomodulatory potential of M. gigantea was determined by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) test, active paw anaphylaxis test, inhibition of cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression, carbon clearance assay and mast cell study. The hepatoprotective potential of M. gigantea was determined using acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity study and carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage. In the nutritive analysis, the total carbohydrates, protein and glycogen contents were estimated. The diversity analysis was done using ITS sequence data. Cultural studies conducted showed that SDA was as effective as PDA in favouring the growth of Macrocybe gigantea. The maximum mycelia growth of M.gigantea was observed at temperature 35○ C (8.20 cm) and pH 7 (8.60 cm). Highest yield of mushroom was obtained in paddy straw beds with biological efficiency of 72.40 per cent and the best time period for cultivation was found to be March – April. No contaminations were observed in both methods of substrate sterilization i.e. chemical and boiling methods. The hepatoprotection and immunomodulation studies revealed that Macrocybe gigantea possess significant hepatoprotective activity at 300mg kg-1 and immunomodulatory activity at 100mg kg-1. Analysis of the nutrient composition of Macrocybe gigantea indicated that the protein, carbohydrate and glycogen content were found to be 24.10 per cent, 10.20 per cent and 5.6 per cent respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that ITS region of M. gigantea (Solan strain) showed 92 per cent similarity with Tricholoma giganteum and Venjaramood isolate showed 93 per cent similarity with the Calocybe indica sequences of NCBI database. The phylogenetic tree constructed using MEGA 4 revealed that the wild species obtained from Venjaramood was morphologically similar to M. gigantea but on sequence analysis it was found to be Calocybe indica. Based on the findings of the present investigation, it is confirmed that Macrocybe gigantea can be cultivated in Kerala during March – April for increasing its biological efficiency. For the first time, the hepatoprotective potential and immunomodulatory potential of M. gigantea has been scientifically validated. Further studies are needed to explorate the correct mechanism of its action with a biomarker-based approach for upgrading M. gigantea from functional food to holistic medicine to utilize its therapeutic potential.ThesisItem Open Access Pharmacognostic studies and assessment of antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant potential of ‘Ellooti’ (Pterospermum rubiginosum B. Heyne ex G. Don)(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Shahasad, Salam; KAU; Latha, P GThe study entitled “Pharmacognostic Studies and Assessment of Antiinflammatory, Antinociceptive and Antioxidant Potential of ‘Ellooti’ (Pterospermum rubiginosum B. Heyne ex G. Don)” was conducted at the Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden (JNTBGRI), Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, during the year 2015 to 2016. Objective of the study was to scientifically evaluate the antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant potential of leaves of an ethnomedicinal plant Pterospermum rubiginosum B. Heyne ex G. Don. and to carry out its pharmacognostic studies. The detailed study of pharmacognostical parameters revealed the presence of anomocytic stomataand adaxial hypodermismicroscopically, ash value, is less because the presence of the oxalate crystals is low, moisture is 52.03% and fibre content 7.86% revealed by physico chemical parameters and macroscopic characters of the leaves. Fluorescence analysis revealed presence of fluorescence in solvents like chloroform, methanol, toluene and ethanol in the powdered leaves. Preliminary Phytochemical examination in different solvents revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as flavonoid, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, coumarin, glycoside, tannin, phlobatanin, steroid and phenols. In in vitro antioxidant method the methanolic extracts of leaf showed higher free radical scavenging activity compared to standards with IC50 of 25µg/mL (DPPH), 150 µg/mL (NO Scavenging Activity) and 100 µg/mL (Hydroxyl Free Radical Scavenging Activity). Toxicity of the ethanolic extract of leaves of P. rubiginosum were tested by acute toxicity study in mice with four doses 25, 100, 400, 1600 mg/kg body weight. And the mice were cage side observed for fourteen days and no toxic effect were seen in the tested animals. In the detailed in vivo pharmacological studies for antiinflammatory and anti nociception were conducted. Antiinflammatory activity was determined by Carrageenan (Acute inflammation) and formalin (sub chronic inflammation) induced paw oedema on hind limb in rats with three different doses 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg. At the dose of EPR 450mg/kg give 76.36% of inhibition in carrageenan induced paw oedema and in the formalin induced paw oedema (sub-acute) study a dose of EPR 150mg/kg gives maximum inhibition of 86.01% and 97.27% of inhibition in the first and seventh day respectively. Anti nociception activity was determined by Eddy Hot Plate method and Acetic acid writhing method in mice with three different doses 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg. At the dose of EPR 450mg/kg gives maximum inhibition 62.02% of inhibition in Eddy’s hot plate method and in the acetic acid induce writhing study a dose of EPR 450mg/kg gives maximum inhibition of 85.24% of inhibition. 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERMThesisItem Open Access Pharmacognostic studies and assessment of antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant potential of ‘Ellooti’ (Pterospermum rubiginosum B. Heyne ex G. Don)(College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Shahasad, Salam; KAU; Latha, P GThe study entitled “Pharmacognostic Studies and Assessment of Antiinflammatory, Antinociceptive and Antioxidant Potential of ‘Ellooti’ (Pterospermum rubiginosum B. Heyne ex G. Don)” was conducted at the Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden (JNTBGRI), Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, during the year 2015 to 2016. Objective of the study was to scientifically evaluate the antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant potential of leaves of an ethnomedicinal plant Pterospermum rubiginosum B. Heyne ex G. Don. and to carry out its pharmacognostic studies. The detailed study of pharmacognostical parameters revealed the presence of anomocytic stomataand adaxial hypodermismicroscopically, ash value, is less because the presence of the oxalate crystals is low, moisture is 52.03% and fibre content 7.86% revealed by physico chemical parameters and macroscopic characters of the leaves. Fluorescence analysis revealed presence of fluorescence in solvents like chloroform, methanol, toluene and ethanol in the powdered leaves. Preliminary Phytochemical examination in different solvents revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as flavonoid, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, coumarin, glycoside, tannin, phlobatanin, steroid and phenols. In in vitro antioxidant method the methanolic extracts of leaf showed higher free radical scavenging activity compared to standards with IC50 of 25µg/mL (DPPH), 150 µg/mL (NO Scavenging Activity) and 100 µg/mL (Hydroxyl Free Radical Scavenging Activity). Toxicity of the ethanolic extract of leaves of P. rubiginosum were tested by acute toxicity study in mice with four doses 25, 100, 400, 1600 mg/kg body weight. And the mice were cage side observed for fourteen days and no toxic effect were seen in the tested animals. In the detailed in vivo pharmacological studies for antiinflammatory and anti nociception were conducted. Antiinflammatory activity was determined by Carrageenan (Acute inflammation) and formalin (sub chronic inflammation) induced paw oedema on hind limb in rats with three different doses 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg. At the dose of EPR 450mg/kg give 76.36% of inhibition in carrageenan induced paw oedema and in the formalin induced paw oedema (sub-acute) study a dose of EPR 150mg/kg gives maximum inhibition of 86.01% and 97.27% of inhibition in the first and seventh day respectively. Anti nociception activity was determined by Eddy Hot Plate method and Acetic acid writhing method in mice with three different doses 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg. At the dose of EPR 450mg/kg gives maximum inhibition 62.02% of inhibition in Eddy’s hot plate method and in the acetic acid induce writhing study a dose of EPR 450mg/kg gives maximum inhibition of 85.24% of inhibition.ThesisItem Open Access Pharmacognostic studies and evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant potential of ‘Manjakantha’ (Dracaena terniflora Roxb.)(College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Meera, Mohan; KAU; Latha, P G: The study entitled “Pharmacognostic studies and evaluation of antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant potential of ‘manjakantha’(Dracaena terniflora Roxb.)” was conducted at the Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden (JNTBGRI), Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, during the year 2015 - 2016. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant potential of the ethanolic extract of the root of the ethnomedicinal plant Dracaena terniflora Roxb. and to carry out its pharmacognostic studies In the detailed study of pharmacognostical parameters, the microscopic evaluation showed the presence of anomalous secondary thickening in Dracaena terniflora roots (Monocot), in powder analysis microscopically scattered tracheids and vessels are seen ash value was low as 12.84%, moisture is obtained as 62.03%. Differential extractive value of Dracaena terniflora roots were carried out in which the highest extractive yield was obtained in acetone, which was 7.5% and then Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates and phenols with different extracts. Total flavonoid of 500μl sample is 0.1026μg/ml and phenolic content in 500μl sample is 1.4115μg/ml. In in vitro antioxidant method the methanolic extracts of root showed higher free radical scavenging activity compared to standards with EC50 of 304.98μgml-1 (DPPH), 484.68 μgml-1 (NO Scavenging Activity) and 528.43 μgml-1 (Hydroxyl Free Radical Scavenging Activity). Toxicity of the ethanolic root extract of Dracaena terniflora were tested by acute toxicity study in mice with four doses 25, 100, 400,1600mgKg-1 body weight. And the mice were caged and observed for fourteen days and no toxic effect were seen in the tested animals. Detailed in vivopharmacological studies for anti-inflammatory and analgesics were conducted. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by Carrageenan (Acute inflammation) and formalin (sub chronic inflammation) induced paw oedema on hind limb in rats with three different doses of ethanolic root extract of D.terniflora with 50, 150 and 450 mgKg-1. At the dose of DT 450 mgKg-1 give maximum inhibition of 63% in carrageenan induced paw oedema and 84% and 96%inhibition in first and seventh day of formalin induced paw oedema study respectively. Analgesic activity was conferred in Eddy’s Hot Plate method and Acetic acid induced writhing method in mice with three different doses of 50, 150 and 450 mgKg-1. At the dose of DT450mgKg-1 gives maximum inhibition 67.4% of inhibition in Eddy’s hot plate method and 62.31% in the acetic acid induce writhing study. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic property of D. terniflora may be due to the presence of the secondary metabolites present in it, such as flavonoid & phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, tannins etc. The results of current study will help to develop a monograph of the drug by keeping it as a reference. These results substantiate the traditional claim of the plant for its anti-inflammatory action.