Browsing by Author "Kumar, Balwant"
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ThesisItem Open Access Diversity in mid late Sugarcane clones and their molecular characterisation(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), 2019) Kumari, Pooja; Kumar, BalwantThe present investigation entitle ‘Diversity in mid late sugarcane clones and their molecular characterisation’ was undertaken with thirteen mid-late maturing sugarcane which were planted during 2018 at Research Farm of RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar in randomized block design with three replications to assess the variability parameters viz, variance and coefficient of variances at phenotypic and genotypic level, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean, correlation between pair of productive characters its direct and indirect effects on sugar yield, extent of diversity among the clones and its molecular characterizations. Observations were recorded for cane and sugar yield attributing traits viz, germination percentage at 45 Days, number of tillers (000/ha) at 120 DAP, number of shoots (000/ha) at 240 days, plant height (cm) at harvest, cane diameter at harvest (cm), brix % at 10 month stage, pol % at 10 months stage, purity % at 10 months stage, CCS % at 10 month stage, brix % at 12 month stage, pol % at 12 months stage, purity % at 12 months stage, CCS % at 12 month stage, single cane weight at harvest, fiber % at harvest, extraction % at harvest, pol % in cane at harvest, cane yield (t/ha) and CCS t/ha (sugar yield) at harvest.Observed data were subjected to statistical analysis to fulfill the objectives under study. Analysis of variance showed highly significant difference for all the character indicating wide range of variability existing among the clones. The clones CoP2061 and CoLk15469 were performed best for sugar yield and its attributing traits. Higher numerical values of phenotypic variances were observed for all the traits with respect to its genotypic counterpart, similarly highermagnitude of PCV was recorded for all the traits with respect to GCV indicating greater environmental influence on these traits for total variation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of means was observed for sugar yield, cane yield, germination % at 45 days, cane height, single cane weight at harvest and fiber % at harvest. Therefore, it indicates the presence of additive gene action forsimple Title of Thesis : “DIVERSITY IN MID LATE SUGARCANE CLONES AND THEIR MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION” Name of Student : POOJA KUMARI Registration Number : M/PBG/129/2017-18 Year : 2019 Major Subject : Plant Breeding & Genetics Minor Subject : Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Major Advisor : Dr. Balwant Kumar Sugarcane Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar. Total pages in thesis : 103 + xi (Bibliography) + 1-12(Appendix) selection based on phenotype for these characters might be effective method for sugarcane variety improvement breeding programme. At phenotypic and genotypic level the characters viz. germination % at 45 days, number of shoots at 240 days, no. of milliable canes at harvest, cane height at harvest, pol % in juice at 12 month, purity % at 12 month, CCS %12 month, brix at 12 month, single cane weight, extraction %, pol % in cane showed highly significant and positive correlation with CCS t/ha (sugar yield). At genotypic level, pol % in cane showed high and positive direct effect on sugar yield followed by brix % at 12 month stage, fiber % at harvest, CCS % at 12 month and brix% at 10 month while Pol % in juice at 12 month exhibited maximum negative direct effect on sugar yield followed by pol % in juice at 10 month stage , CCS % at 10 month stage.Maximum positive indirect effect effect exhibited by pol % at 12 month stage via.pol % in cane followed by via., CCS % at 12 month stage, fiber % at harvest and brix % at harvest. Maximum negative indirect effect exhibited by CCS % at 12 month stage followed by via. pol % in juice at 10 month. All the thirteen clones were grouped into three clusters among them only cluster I contain eleven clones while others two were monogenotypic. The maximum inter cluster distance was found between cluster I &II followed by cluster I & III and cluster II & III while intra cluster distance was exhibited only in cluster I. Fiber % at harvest had highest percentage contribution toward genetic divergence followed sugar yield, brix % at 12 month, single cane weight, pol % in cane at harvest, brix % at 10 month, extraction % at harvest, no. of tiller at 120 days, cane height, cane diameter, pol % at 10 month. Clustering pattern showed that the genetic diversity was more important than geographical diversity because genotypes belonging to different places of origin were also present in the same clusters.This indicated that selection of genotypes for these traits may be rewarding for future utilization in breeding programme. A total of 56 alleles were obtained out of which 41 shared and 15 unique allelic variants were generated in the form of amplified product by polymerase chain reaction using eleven primer pairs.The PIC values revealing allelic diversity and frequency among the genotypes varied from 0.36 in case of NKS 57 to 0.90 in case of NKS 1 with an average of 0.62. The similarity coefficients revealing genetic similarity with respect to size of the amplified products generated from targeted regions of the genome varied from 0.518 to 0.857 for the pair wise combinations amongst thirteen entries under evaluation. Two Clusters were obtained when phenon line was drawn at twenty five similarity units. Cluster I consist of ten genotypes. The tri-genotypic cluster II consist of three genotypes. When phenon level draw at fifty similarity unit cluster I and II further divided in sub -clusters.It is concluded that use of SSR marker is very reliable approach for identification of diverse genotype(s) where phenotypic similarity of the cultivars leads to difficulty while selections of parents for hybridization.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity of early maturing sugarcane clones for cane and juice quality traits(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2018) Nishad, Himanshu Kumar; Kumar, BalwantA study was conducted with planting 15 early maturing sugarcane clones including two checks in Randomized Block Design with three replications during spring season 2017 at research farm of RPCAU Pusa to evaluate the variability, heritability, GA, character association and its cause and effects and clustering pattern for cane and juice quality traits. Observations were recorded for the eighteen traits viz., germination % at 45 days after planting, number of shoots at 120 days, plant height at 150, 240 days and at harvest, cane diameter at harvest, millable canes at harvest, single cane weight at harvest, brix, pol, purity and ccs at 8and 10th month stage, sugar yield and cane yield at harvest and after its statistical analysis, all the characters were found differed significantly for all the genotypes. Among the test entries, the clone CoP16437 showed highest value for cane yield and sugar yield followed by CoP15437 & CoSe12451. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits.High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of means was observed for plant height at 150 DAP, single cane weight at harvest and sugar yield at harvest.High heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of means was observed for germination % at 45 days after planting, plant height at 240 days after planting, plant height at harvest, cane diameter at harvest and brix at 10th month stage. Moderate heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of means was observed for number of shoots at 120 days after planting and cane yield at harvest (t/ha). Cane yield showed highly significant and positive association with plant height at 240 days and at harvest, cane diameter at harvest, single cane weight at harvest and sugar yield at harvest. Maximum positive direct effect on cane yield was exhibited by the character pol at 8th month stage followed by brix at 10th month stage and sugar yield at harvest. Maximum positive indirect effect on cane yield was exhibited by the character pol at 10th month stage via brix at 10th month stage. All the early maturing sugarcane clones were grouped into four distinguished clusters among fifteen genotypes. Cluster I contained maximum number of clones (6) followed by cluster IV (4), cluster III (3) and cluster II (2). Maximum intra-cluster D2distance was observed in cluster I and maximum inter-cluster D2distance was observed between cluster II and cluster IV. The trait, Pol percent at 10th month stage showed maximum character contribution percent towards divergence followed by sugar yield at harvest, cane yield and brix at 10th month stage. The clones viz, CoP16437 and CoP15437 have been identified for high yielding early maturing sugarcane clones for cane and sugar yield.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of high Sucrose containing Sugarcane Clones under Water-Logging Condition(Rajendra Agriculrural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Kumar, Praveen; Kumar, BalwantThe present study was undertaken with evaluation of high sucrose containing sugarcane clones under water logging condition (water depth 45 to 60 cm from July to October) involved eighteen sugarcane clones including two checks (BO 91 and CoLk 94184), were planted in Paddy block at Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, in a Randomized Block Design with three replications during 2014 - 15. The characters studied namely germination % at 45 DAP, number of shoots at 120 DAP, plant height at 150, 240 and 360 days, cane diameter at harvest, number of millable canes, brix, pol and purity % at 10 & 12 month stage, single cane weight, number of aerial roots/ node, length of aerial root, dry weight of aerial roots during the water-logging period and cane yield. Observed data for all the traits of 18 high sucrose containing sugarcane clones were assessed for statistical analysis viz., analysis of variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variance, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean, correlation coefficient analysis and path coefficient analysis. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the clones for fourteen traits and significant for rest traits viz., germination % at 45 DAP, plant height at 150 days, single cane weight and purity % at 10 month stage. Variability studies showed high estimates of GCV and PCV for traits viz., length of aerial root and dry weight of aerial roots. In present set of materials high heritability with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were found in single cane weight and length of aerial root indicating preponderance of additive gene effect. Traits namely plant height at 150, 240 & 360 days, single cane weight, brix % at 10 & 12 month stage, pol % at 10 & 12 month stage, showed significant positive correlation and number of aerial roots/ node had significant negative correlation with cane yield. Number of shoot at 120 days, plant height at 150 and 360 days, cane diameter at harvest, number of millable canes, single cane weight, pol % at 10 month stage, brix % at 12 month stage, pol % at 12 month stage, length of aerial root, showed positive direct effect towards cane yield at genotypic level showed importance of these characters for further yield improvement. On the basis of mean performance of cane yield and other productive traits under water logging condition only four clones namely CoX 12137, CoX 12164, CoX 12191 and CoX 12348 were selected. These clones may be utilize for further breeding programme so that recovery and productivity of sugarcane will enhance for water logging condition.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE CLONES IN EARLY GENERATION(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) PANDA, PRAGNYA PARAMITA; Kumar, BalwantCurrent research programme entitled as “Evaluation of Sugarcane clones in early generation” was performed in the year 2021-22, at SRI, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samatipur, Bihar. In the present investigation, twenty-eight genotypes with two checks were studied for variability, character association and path analysis. High yielding early maturing clones with high brix % had selected. The observations were noted down on eight quantitative traits viz., Germination % at 45 DAP, no. of tillers at 120 DAP, plant height at harvest, cane diameter at harvest, single cane weight at harvest, number of millable canes at harvest, HR brix at November, December & January and cane yield in early clonal generation. The analysis of variance revealed a substantial difference among the checks and entries for all the parameters in early clonal generation. Correlation co-efficient analysis showed that five quantitative traits viz., Germination% at 45 DAP, no. of tillers at 120 DAP, cane diameter at harvest, single cane weight at harvest and no. of millable canes at harvest had a significant positive interrelationship with cane yield in the early clonal generation whereas HR brix in November, December and January had showed statistically non-significant interrelationship with that of cane yield. Maximum direct positive effect on cane yield was observed by single cane weight at harvest followed by no. of millable canes at harvest, HR brix in November, cane diameter at harvest & plant height at harvest whereas maximum negative direct effect on cane yield had shown by HR brix in January followed by HR brix in December, germination% at 45 DAP & no. of tillers at 120 DAP. From the aforementioned outcomes it has been shown that selection should be based on cane yield at harvest along with its component traits such as germination% at 45 DAP, no. of millable canes at harvest, plant height at harvest, cane diameter at harvest & single cane weight at harvest as well as quality parameter such as HR brix% also should taken into consideration. On the basis of pooled ranking of cane yield at harvest as well as brix% performance in November, seven-clones namely CoX 20377,CoX 20398,CoX 20443,CoX 20414,CoX 20437,CoX 20400 & CoX 20464 were identified as superior clones, which can directly be used in further varietal evaluation trial as well as hybridization program.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic studies on early maturing Sugarcane for high Sucrose and Cane Yield.(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Ranjan, Relisha; Kumar, BalwantA study was conducted at Pusa Farm, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during spring season 2016-17 for genetic studies on early maturing sugarcane for high sucrose and cane yield. Investigation was carried out on variability, character association, path analysis and to identify the superior clones for high cane and sugar yield. Data were collected for twenty characters viz., germination percentage at 45 DAP, germination percentage at 90 DAP, number of shoots at 120 DAP (000/ha), number of shoots at 240 DAP (000/ha), plant height at 150 days (cm), plant height at 240 days (cm), plant height at harvest (cm), cane diameter at harvest (cm), fibre per cent at harvest, single cane weight (kg), number of millable cane at harvest (000/ha), brix per cent during 8 month stage, pol per cent during 8 months stage, purity per cent during 8 months stage, brix per cent during 10 month stage, pol per cent during 10 months stage, purity per cent during 10 months stage, cane yield (tonne/ha), CCS per cent at harvest and sugar yield (tonne/ha) at harvest. Sixteen genotypes were grown in Randomised Block Design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the clones for all the characters under study. Maximum range was found for the character plant height at 150 days followed by plant height at 240 days and cane yield. The phenotypic coefficient of variance was greater than genotypic coefficient of variance for all the characters under study. The characters like cane yield, sugar yield, single cane weight, number of shoots at 120 DAP, cane diameter and germination percentage at 90 DAP showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Hence, direct selection can be done through these characters for future improvement of genotype. Characters like plant height at 150 days, plant height at 240 days, cane diameter, single cane weight, millable cane, plant height at harvest exhibited significant and positive association with cane yield. Characters namely, plant height at 150 days, plant height at 240 days cane diameter, cane weight, millable cane, plant height at harvest, brix per cent during 10 month stage, pol per cent during 10 month stage and CCS per cent showed significant and positive association with sugar yield. Strong positive and significant interrelationship was observed between cane yield and sugar yield as these characters had significant positive correlation with cane yield and sugar yield so, the selection can be practised for character in order to identify the superior clones for improvement of cane and low sugar yield in early maturing sugarcane. The characters viz., single cane weight and millable cane have to be given importance in selection process for improvement of cane and sugar yield, since they had positive correlation with sugar and cane yield and high positive direct effect towards cane and sugar yield. Maximum indirect effect was observed by single cane weight on cane yield via. plant height at 150 days and cane diameter at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Hence, selection based on these characters would be more effective. In order to make selection more effective, six characters were used in present investigation viz., selection based on per se performance of cane yield, sugar yield, single cane weight, cane diameter, germination percentage at 90 DAP, number of shoots at 120 DAP as these characters showed high heritability coupled with genetic advance as per of mean. Clones namely, CoP 15437, CoP 14436 and CoP 11437 can be utilised for improvement of cane and sugar yield in early maturing sugarcane.ThesisItem Open Access Genotype X Environment Interaction For Productive Traits Of Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.)(Rajendra Agricultural University;Samastipur, 2003) Kumar, Balwant; Pandey, S. S.ThesisItem Open Access Identification of sugarcane varieties tolerant to water-logging condition.(Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Agrawal, Rupesh Kumar; Kumar, BalwantIn a field experiment 16 varieties including two checks were planted with three replications in RBD at Paddy Block, RAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during 2012-13 under low land area where its grand growth phase coincides with water-stagnation depth 40-45 cm for three months to identify Sugarcane varieties tolerant to water-logging condition. Investigation was carried out on variability, character association, path analysis and genetic divergence for the traits viz, Germination Percentage at 45 days, Number of Shoots at 120 days, Plant Height at 150, 240 and 360 days, Cane diameter, NMC, Single Cane weight, Red Rot Score, Brix at 10,11 and 12 month, Pol at 10, 11 and 12 month, Purity at 10, 11 and 12 month, CCS Per cent at harvest and Cane yield. Mean performance of four varieties viz. BO154, CoP092, CoX07067 and BO155 were found superior for most of the traits as well as it showed resistant to moderately resistant against red rot disease. Highly significant variation was observed for all traits except purity at 10 and 11 month stage and CCS percent at harvest it was due to the fact that these varieties were derived from parents having different ‘backgrounds’ geographical one i.e; originated at Pusa, Coimbatore, Sahjahanpur, Lucknow, Pantnagar, Seorahi. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean found for traits viz. number of shoots at 120 days, plant height at 240 and 360 days and single cane weight which will in favor of direct selection. Highly significant and positive correlation were exhibited between cane yield and cane diameter, number of number of millable canes, plant height at 150,240 and 360 days, single cane weight, germination per cent at 45 days and CCS per cent at harvest. Maximum positive direct effect on cane yield was exhibited by single cane weight followed by NMC, plant height at 150 days and CCS per cent at harvest while negative direct effect on cane yield showed by cane diameter, number of shoots at 120 days and plant height at 240 and 360 days. Five clusters were obtain by D2 statistics, cluster II has 8 varieties and cluster I having 5 varieties while rest clusters were monogenotypic. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and V followed by cluster III and V, cluster I and V and cluster II and IV. Maximum contribution in the manifestation of genetic divergence was exhibited by cane yield followed by CCS per cent at harvest. Four varieties viz. BO154, CoP092, CoX07067 and BO155 were identified as water-logging tolerant varieties coupled with high to moderate sucrose on the basis of CCS (t/ha) and morphological appearance of plant at the time of harvest.ThesisItem Open Access SCREENING FOR WATER-LOGGING TOLERANCE IN EARLY CLONAL GENERATION OF SUGARCANE(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) VARIJA, GUJARATHI SAI; Kumar, BalwantAn experiment on screening for water-logging (water depth of 25 to 45 cm from July to September) tolerance in early clonal generation of sugarcane was conducted during 2021-22 at SRI, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. Twenty four clones were planted in augmented design along with two checks (CoP 16437 and CoP 2061) and data was recorded for the following characters viz., germination at 45 DAP (%), number of shoots at 120 DAP (000/ha), plant height at harvest (cm), cane diameter at harvest (cm), single cane weight (kg), number of millable canes at harvest (000/ha), number of aerial roots/node, HR Brix in November, December, January and cane yield (t/ha). All the observed data for the attributes were evaluated for statistical analysis using analysis of variance, correlation coefficient analysis and path coefficient analysis. For all of the measures, the analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the clones. Characters namely, germination % at 45 DAP, number of shoots at 120 DAP, cane diameter at harvest and number of millable canes at harvest showed positively significant correlation with cane yield, whereas, number of aerial roots per node showed negative correlation with cane yield. Traits viz., germination % at 45 DAP, number of shoots at 120 DAP, cane diameter at harvest, single cane weight, number of millable canes at harvest, HR Brix in November had direct and positive effect on cane yield, among these, number of millable canes at harvest showed highest direct and positive effect followed by single cane weight on cane yield, whereas, plant height at harvest, number of aerial roots per node, HR Brix in December and January showed negative direct effect on cane yield. On the basis of brix value, clones namely CoX 20068, CoX 20055, X 20035, CoX 20246, X 20022, CoX 20069, X 20030, CoX 20054, CoX 20056 were identified as early maturing sugarcane clones. Based on the brix value, cane yield and morphological performance eight clones namely CoX 20069, CoX 20068, CoX 20055, X 20030, X 20035, CoX 20054, CoX 20056, CoX 20246 can be selected for further utilization in breeding programme under water-logging condition. In all the clones, cane was non flowering and non- lodging.ThesisItem Open Access SELECTION OF ELITE EARLY MATURING SUGARCANE CLONE AND THEIR MOLECULAR CHACTERIZATION(RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) DASH, CHANDAN KUMAR; Kumar, BalwantThe current study entitled “Selection of elite early maturing sugarcane clones and their molecular characterization” conducted during the year 2022-23 at Research Farm, R.P.C.A.U., Pusa, Bihar with seventeen sugarcane clones in randomized block design with two replications was to select elite genotypes through assessment of variability, association among characters, and the effects of attributing traits on cane yield. Molecular characterizations were performed using SSR markers to complement our understanding on sugarcane genetic diversity. Sixteen traits were recorded, including germination percentage at 45 days, plant height at harvest, cane diameter at harvest, brix % and pol % in juice at 8 and 10 months stages, purity % at 8 and 10 months stages, extraction % at harvest, single cane weight, number of shoots at 120 DAP, number of millable cane at harvest, cane yield, and CCS (t/ha). The analysis of variance indicated significant variation among the sugarcane clones for all sixteen traits, highlighting their potential for improvement. Clones X 20034, CoX 20069 and CoX 20246 exhibited superior performance for most of the traits, including cane yield. Phenotypic variance was higher than genotypic variance for all traits, indicating the influence of environmental factors. Heritability estimates were high for most of the traits. Besides high heritability, traits such as single cane weight and number of millable cane showed the highest genetic advance, suggesting simple phenotype selection for improvement of these traits. Correlation analysis revealed several traits had highly significant positive associations with cane yield, such as germination % at 45 DAP, plant height at harvest, number of millable cane at harvest, and CCS (t/ha). Further path coefficient analysis showed the direct and indirect effects of these traits on cane yield, with CCS (t/ha) having the highest positive direct effect while brix % at 10 months stage showing the highest negative direct effect. Genetic characterization using SSR markers demonstrated a substantial level of genetic diversity among the seventeen sugarcane clones, enabling unique genotyping. The markers showed 123 allelic variations, with an average of 7.23 alleles per primer, and primer pairs NKS 1, NKS 34, NKS 57, and NKS 61 displayed a higher number of alleles. The PIC values ranged from 0.63 to 0.92, indicating the genotypes' allelic diversity and frequency. The study employed a selection procedure based on pooled ranking of sucrose % in juice at 10 months stage and cane yield, along with natural disease tolerance, insect infestation, and morphological appearance. Based on ranking of cane yield and sucrose % three genotypes namely CoX 20398, CoX 2069 and CoX 20164 were selected as elite early maturing clones with tolerance against natural incidence of diseases and pests. These elite early maturing clones will be helpful in further breeding programme.