Browsing by Author "Kumar, Amit"
Now showing 1 - 18 of 54
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ThesisItem Open Access “16S rRNA Based Metagenomics Analysis of Mastitis Milk inBovine”(Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 2020) Bhordia, Anamika; Kumar, AmitA total of 15 milk samples were included in the study primarily based on clinical signs of mastitis from HF and Sahiwal purebred animals. The samples were screened for SCC count immediately after reaching the laboratory. The pH of the samples ranged 5-9. The results of present study revealed higher concentration of chloride in all the samples except one and that does not have higher SCC count. The concentration of chloride is in concurrence of higher SCC concentration in samples. All the milk samples with increased SCC revealed higher chloride concentration. The results of WST revealed variable results as it is simply based on observations so any error in process may lead to false negative tests. The study revealed 15 isolates based on cultural, morphological, biochemical characterization. These included 5 coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp., and 8 E. coli and two yeasts. These were confirmed by the PCR based amplification with specific primers. Amplicons were subjected to Sanger sequencing and received data was analyzed. The BLAST based analysis confirmed the genus and species of all the isolates as Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus succinus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Diutina rugosa and multiple strains of E. coli. The isolated yeasts were subjected to the amplification of 500bp amplicon from ITS primer. Sanger sequencing-based analysis confirmed these isolates as Diutina rugosa (previously known as Candida rugosa). It seems to be first report of isolation of Diutina rugosa from the clinical cases of subclinical mastitis in Indian cattle. The study for phylogeny linkage revealed Indian isolate in close homology with the isolate of Thailand and both share a same route followed by the isolates of China, Ghana and Mexico. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern revealed multidrug resistance in all the isolates of E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. The resistance was highest against Amoxyclave (100%), followed by Cephalexin (87.5%), Moxifloxacin (75%), Enrofloxacin (67.7%), Cloxacillin (66.7%), Ceftriaxone and Oxytetracycline (62.5%) and Gentamicin and Streptomycin (58.4%). The antibiotyping revealed 14 different antibiotypes. DNA of pooled samples was subjected to Sanger sequencing and data analysis. The refraction curve obtained from sequenced data clearly indicates the presence of large number of microbes in mastitic milk sample as compared to healthy sample. Similarly, the α-diversity suggests the more diversified microbial population in diseased milk samples. Data showed the taxonomical diversity one domain, two phylum, seven classes, 12 orders, 34 families, 81 genus and 197 species were missing from the milk sample of healthy animals. It signifies the diversification of udder environment in the cases of sub clinical mastitis. Moreover, in healthy udder archaea contributed 99.68% of total population and bacteria were only 0.31% as compared to 0.25% and 99.74% in mastitic udder. The presence of large number of bacterial populations in specific classes, families, genus and species are predominated by the bacteria absent from healthy uterus. Therefore, the present study recommends a.) use of discriminant analysis to discriminate microbial community of clinical and healthy mastitis and b.) regular use of antimicrobial susceptibility testing ofmastitis.ThesisItem Open Access Adoption behaviour of jute growers in Kosi region of Bihar(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricutural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Kumar, Amit; Ansari, NaushadThe study entitled “Adoption Behaviour of Jute Growers in KosiRegion of Bihar” was conducted with the specific objectives to know the socio-economic conditions, their level of knowledge and extent of adoption about jute cultivation practices along with the association between selected independent variables. Attempts were also made to identify the constraints faced by the jute growers and to explore the suggestions given by them to overcome the constraints and various problems occurring in jute cultivation. The present study was carried out in Kosi region of Bihar. Three district namely Madhepura, Saharsa and Supaul were selected for the study, from these three districts one block from each district were selected on the basis of major area under jute cultivation.And from each block two villages were selected randomly, further fifteen respondents were selected from each villages constituting a total sample size of 90 jute growers for the study purposes. Face to face interaction with the help of well prepared interview schedule was used for collection of data. The collected data were analyzed with the help of frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and Pearson‟s correlation coefficient. The study revealed that majority of the jute growers of Kosi region were belonged to middle age group, having primary/middle school level of education, maximum percentage of them belonged to backward class and having marginal land holding area. It was also indicated that majority of them having medium level of their annual income from all available sources,they were medium in contact with different extension agencies, their exposure to mass media tools were medium to high. They were also medium in orientation towards scientific cultivation, economic orientation and also in risk bearing ability. The findings also indicated that, they weremedium in level of knowledge and extent of adoption of jute production technology.The study also revealed that out of ten independent variables, eight variables i.e. education, land holding, annual income, extension contact, mass media exposure, scientific orientation, economic orientation and risk orientation shows positive significant relationship with the knowledge level and extent of adoption of jute growers towards jute cultivation practices. Age shows negative correlation with knowledge level and adoption of jute growers and caste shows non-significant relationship with the level of knowledge and adoption. It is concluded that the major constraints faced by the jute growers in Kosi region of Bihar were lack of mechanization for processing of jute after harvest, lack of proper storage house, appearance of different types of insect, pest and diseases, intensity of flood and drought, lack of proper marketing channel, unaware of the practice of seed treatment, lack of technical knowledge with respect to use of pesticides, lack of assured and adequate irrigation facility and poor drainage system and lack of extension service. The important suggestion given by jute growers were develop mechanization for extraction of jute, develop water resources and timely availability of water for retting, establishment of retting tanks, release of flood tolerant varieties, providing good quality seed at cheaper rate, appropriate control measures of pest and diseases, timely technical guidance and soil testing, provision of fertilizers on subsidized rates, supply of effective plant protection chemicals,provision of credit facility, develop proper market structure to overcome the problem by middle manand providing good transport facility .ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODS FOR DETECTION OF NEUTRALISERS IN MILK(NDRI, Karnal, 2004) Kumar, Amit; Unnikrishanan, VThesisItem Open Access Biocompatibility of cross-linked pericardium and diaphragm of caprine origin(IVRI, Izatnagar, 2009) Kumar, Amit; Sharma, A. K.ThesisItem Open Access Characterisation of Fetal and Adult Liver Progenitor Cells of Sheep(TANUVAS, 2011) Kumar, Amit; TANUVAS; Gomathy, V.S.; Eswari, S; Mangalagowri, AThesisItem Open Access Characterization Of Protein Antigence Of Mycoplasma Agalactiae(Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, 2000) Kumar, Amit; Srivastava, N.C.ThesisItem Open Access "CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL POTASSIUM AND ITS RESPONSE TO WHEAT IN SOILS OF CHHATTISGARH"(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalya, Raipur, 1996) Kumar, Amit; Patil, S.K.ThesisItem Open Access "CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL POTASSIUM AND ITS RESPONSE TO WHEAT IN SOILS OF CHHATTISGARH"(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalya, Raipur, 1996) Kumar, Amit; Patil, S.K.A B S T R A C T A pot culture study was carried out with Inceptisol and Vertisol of Chhattisgarh plain. These soils have been reported to jbe non-responsive to K application. were characterised for their K supplying response study was carried out. The soils capacities and The results indicated that the Vertisol had higher amount of almost all the soil K fractions than Inceptisol. This soil has shown higher capacity of K release and for longer period of time than Inceptisol. Vertisol also had higher K fixation capacity, specific adsorption sites and labile K. The adsorption maxima and binding energy coefficients were also higher. The buffering capacity of Vertisol was quite higher than Inceptisol. These results indicates the Vertisol seems to be able to provide larger amounts of K for longer period of time as compared to the Inceptisol. However, K ions are held with higher energy in this soil. The wheat crop did not responded to K application in either of the soils. This indicates sufficient soil K supplies. However, the K release pattern indicated that these soils may respond to K application in near future. It is more likely in less buffered Inceptisols.ThesisItem Open Access Clinical adaptation of Tiletamine and Zolazepam drug combination for conducting different diagnostic and surgical procedures in dogs(CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-02-06) K, Vijaya Mahantesh S; Kumar, AmitThe study was conducted for the clinical evaluation of Tiletamine-zolazepam when used alone and in combination with inj. atropine, inj. butorphanol and either xylazine or dexmedetomidine in 26 client owned dogs divided into 3 groups group 1 (n=8), group 2 (n=8) and in group 3 (n=10). Dogs presented for various minor and non invasive surgical manipulation were placed in group 1 and for ovariohysterectomy were placed in groups 2 and 3. The drug regime for group 1 (n=8) involved administration of tiletamine-zolazepam at the dose rate of 7.0 mg/kg alone whereas inj. butorphanol @ 0.2 mg/kg and inj. atropine @ 0.04 mg/kg were used in for group 2 and 3 followed by inj. xylazine @ 1.0 mg/kg along with tiletamine-zolazepam @ 3.3 mg/kg in group 2 and dexmedetomidine @ 10 µg/kg along with tiletamine-zolazepam @ 4.5 mg/kg in group 3 were used. These doses were standardized after pilot trails. All the animals received 100 per cent oxygen throughout the study period. Parameters under investigation included intra-operative behaviour and sedation parameters in group 1 and analgo-clinical observations, cardiovascular parameters, pulmonary parameters, haemato-biochemistry, electrolytes and recovery parameters. Animals in all the three groups showed smooth induction with adequate muscle relaxation and analgesia. Significant decrease in rectal temperature was noticed in all the three groups which improved during recovery. ECG parameters did not show significant difference from physiological values in majority of animals. Significant increase in heart rate was noticed after induction in all the three groups which came back to normal value at the end of the study period. Non-invasive blood pressure showed non-significant increase in all the three groups initially and later decreased lesser than the baseline value. SpO2, EtCO2 and FiCO2 values remained within the normal range throughout the procedure. Significant decrease in respiration rate was noticed in group 2 and group 3 with no incidence of apnea. Hematological parameters reduced non-significantly at the end of the study period when compared with baseline value in group 2 and 3. Biochemical parameters and electrolytes did not vary significantly throughout the study period except for glucose which showed a significant increase throughout the study period in both the groups. Recovery period was longer in group 3. Post-operative vocalization, paddling, curling of tongue and nystagmus was noticed in animals of group 1 and vocalization with ataxia and head bobbing was noticed in some animals of group 2 and group 3 which abolished after recovery without any adverse consequences. The above protocol used in the study provided safe and adequate anaesthesia for different surgical manipulations that can be performed under 60 minutes in dogs.ThesisItem Open Access Clinical appraisal of Surgical affections of Urogenital system in dogs(CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-02-05) Goyal, Ananya; Kumar, AmitThe study was conducted on 116 dogs suffering from various urogenital affections. Canine obstructive urolithiasis was most prevalent in male adult dogs with Pug breed most commonly affected. 61.11 % of cases of urolithiasis had a high leucocyte count and BUN with dribbling of urine as most common clinical symptom and retrohydropropulsion was successful in 77.78 % cases of urethroliths. All the uroliths retrieved during the surgical intervention were Struvite (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate). Obstructive urolithiasis can only be resolved definitively with surgical modalities like cystotomy, urethrotomy or urethrostomy. Pyometra was most prevalent in non-descript adult dogs with inappetence and polydipsia as the most common clinical sign. E. coli (56.25%) was the major causative agent in cases of pyometra. Non-descript female dogs in the reproductive age were most predisposed to TVT. Prostatic disorders were most prevalent in Labrador Retriever (27.78%) and German Shepherd (22.22%) with age more than 7 years. Prevalence of the mammary tumour was more in aged dogs (>7 years) and most affected site was Caudal Abdominal and Inguinal region.ThesisItem Open Access Continuous rate intravenous infusion of propofol in dogs(palampur, 2020-11-13) Naryal, Sukti; Kumar, AmitThe study was conducted for the clinical evaluation of propofol CRI and comparing it to isoflurane anaesthesia on 30 client owned dogs divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each, presented for various surgical procedures. Animals of all the three groups were subjected to a common drug regime till induction of anaesthesia i.e., administration of Inj. Butorphanol tartrate @ 0.2 mg/kg b.wt. I/M initially which was followed by Inj. Atropine sulphate @ 0.02-0.04 mg/kg b.wt. S/C after 30 minutes. The animals were further premedicated with Inj. Diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. I/V and general anaesthesia in all the animals was induced by Inj. Propofol "to effect" I/V. Then further, following induction of general anaesthesia animals were either maintained with propofol CRI with using syringe pump (group A, n=10) or propofol CRI with using pediatric drip set (group B, n=10) or with isoflurane (group C, n=10). All the animals received 100 per cent oxygen throughout the procedure. Parameters under investigation included analog-clinical observations, cardiovascular parameters, pulmonary parameters, response to anaesthesia intra-operatively, haemato biochemistry, electrolytes and drug dosage at various time intervals and recovery parameters. Mean ± SE induction dose of propofol was 3.468 ± 0.125 mg/kg I/V in all (n=30) animals. Smooth induction and transfer with complete muscle relaxation and analgesia was achieved in all the animals. Progressive hypothermia was observed in all the groups which improved during the recovery phase with most pronounced values in group C animals. ECG conduction and duration findings were majorly within normal physiological limits with no significant changes. Significant increase in heart rate was seen in immediate post induction period in all the three groups which remained on the higher range when compared with the baseline values. Depression in mean blood pressure was observed in all the three groups after induction. The CVP values was lower with propofol CRI when compared to isoflurane but remained within normal physiological range in all the groups. SpO2 and EtCO2 values remained within acceptable range throughout the procedure in all the groups. Significant respiratory depression was seen in group A and B with transient apnea in 2 animals. Significant fall in the values of Hb, PCV and TLC was observed in group B. Biochemical parameters and electrolytes remained within physiological ranges in all the groups. The dose of propofol CRI was 0.38 mg/kg/min and 0.44 mg/kg/minute with syringe pump and pediatric drip set, respectively. Recovery period was longer in animals maintained with propofol than in animals maintained with isoflurane. Intra-operative and post-operative muscle dystonia, paddling and opisthotonus was seen in animals of group A and B. One animal showed persistent palpebral reflex throughout the procedure, one haemolysis in plasma sample intra operatively and one horizontal nystagmus post-operatively, without resulting in any clinical consequence. Post operative vocalization was a most common finding in animals of group C. The propofol CRI protocols used in the study were found safe and comparable with isoflurane anaesthesia and recommended for different types of surgeries limiting for 60 minutes in canine speciesThesisItem Open Access Detection of adulterants in ghee.(NDRI, Karnal, 2008) Kumar, Amit; Lal, DarshanThesisItem Open Access Development and Evaluation of Small Scale Vermicomposting Unit for Rapid Degradation of Organic Waste(SKUAST Kashmir, 2020) Kumar, Amit; Muzamil, Dr. M.The study intended to understand the anomalies associated with conventional pit method and develop a mechanical interface as a corrective measure for the preparation of vermicompost. Two substrates (terrestrial and aquatic weed) were degraded in presence of earth worm Eisenia fetida in portable vermin-bed with a turning frequency of 10 days and 20 days. The experimentation revealed that the vermicompost prepared in conventional pit method from Dal weed possess better attributes in terms of electrical conductivity (0.83 dS m-1), available nitrogen (0.96 %), available phosphorus (0.06 %), available potassium (1.75 %), organic carbon (27.58 %) and C:N ratio (18.16) than vermicompost prepared from terrestrial weed electrical conductivity (0.711 dS m-1), available nitrogen (0.84%), available phosphorus (0.05%), available potassium (1.61%), organic carbon (31.44 %) and C:N ratio (21.45) at 10 days turning interval and 60 days degradation period. The results of the first experiment were utilized to evaluate the developed prototype of vermicomposting unit comprised of feeding hopper, shredding section, spiral mixing unit, degradation chamber and harvesting unit. The substrate (Dal weed) was allowed to degrade with the similar conditions as that in conventional pit method to imitate the conditions for comparative analysis. The material was turned at a turning frequency of 10 days and 20 days. The performance parameters of the vermicompost prepared in vermicomposting unit at 10 days turning interval were found to be better with pH (7.05), electrical conductivity (0.837 dS m-1), available nitrogen (1.15%), available phosphorus (0.06%), available potassium (1.91%), organic carbon (26.26%) and C: N ratio (16.31) after 60 days degradation period. The turning frequency of 10 days resulted in an increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by 4.21 %, 6.62 %, 5.16 % in comparison to 20 days turning interval after 60 days degradation period. The comparative analysis revealed that available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in vermicompost prepared from vermicomposting unit were higher by 19.11 %, 6.45 % and 8.95 % in comparison to conventional pit method. The unit cost of production of vermicompost in vermicomposting unit was found to be Rs. 13 per Kilogram. The benefit – cost ratio of the vermicomposting unit was 0.47 in first year and 1.78 in second year with a pay-back period of 19 months. Moreover the involvement of mechanical interface in vermicomposting process helped in reducing the dependence on scarce land and addressing the issue of peak labour shortage.ThesisItem Open Access Devlopment and Evaluation of Formalized killed Adjuvant Brucella melitensis biovar 3 Vaccine(U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, (DUVASU), Mathura – 281001, 2016-04-23) Kumar, Amit; Gupta, V.K.The present study was conducted to develop a stable, safe and effective vaccine against caprine brucellosis. For that three well approved and recognized adjuvants viz., MontanideTM IMS, MontanideTM GEL 1 and MontanideTM ISA61VG were incorporated with virulent Brucella melitensis biovars 3 IND1 (Accession no. VTCCBAA228) bacterial strain, isolated from stomach content of aborted fetus of infected goat to develop three different formalized killed adjuvant B. melitensis biovar 3 IND1 vaccines viz. NPV (Nano particle based vaccine), PGV (Polymer gel based vaccine) and OAV (oil adjuvant based vaccine), respectively to make it 1.47X108 and 1.47X1010 CFU per shot in mice and goats vaccine. These vaccines were tested for sterility and then safety in adult female inbred BALB/c mice and were kept at different temperature to assess its stability. Sterile, safe and stable all three vaccines were inoculated 10μl vaccine with 1.47X108 CFU of Brucella in per dose intra nasally (NPV & PGV), Subcutaneously (PGV) and intra muscularly (OAV) in adult female BALB/C mice in the group of 10 for efficacy. 50% of mice were vaccinated with single vaccination where as remaining 50% mice were given booster on 21st day of initial vaccination. Vaccinated mice were challenged on 28th day of vaccination and booster vaccination, respectively with live virulent B. melitensis biovar 3 cultures (109 CFU) through I/P route and sacrificed on 7th day of challenge. During mice experiment, blood was collected at 7th, 14th , 28th and 35th days of booster vaccination (28th, 35th, 49th and 56th day of first vaccination) for serum as well as whole blood. The blood erythrocytes were used for the estimation of oxidative stress biomarker parameters, plasma for plasma cytokine level whereas serum was used for the status of serum antibodies against Brucellosis by RBPT and indirect ELISA. After sacrifice, mice organs were collected for live weight whereas spleen and liver were also used for live Brucella count and molecular confirmation of B. melitensis by amplification of 16S rRNA and Omp31 genes. Splenocytes proliferation and expression of cytokines in spleen by Real time PCR were done. Analysis of all the parameters revealed all the vaccines produced efficacy as desired in OIE guidelines and European pharmacopeia. The sterile and stable vaccines which were found to be safe and effective in inbred BALB/c mice (NPV, PGV, OAV) were further used in homologous host (three pure bred apparently healthy non pregnant Brucella free Jamunapari adult female goats in each group) with 1.47X1010 CFU per shot with intra nasal, subcutaneous and intra muscular routes, respectively and compared with standard Rev.1 (IIL, Hyderabad). Vaccinated animals were subjected to blood collection on 0, 14th and 28th day of vaccination for serum as well as whole blood. On 28th day, animals were challenged with live virulent B. melitensis biovar 3 cultures (109 CFU) through subcutaneous route and monitored for physical, physiological and other adverse reactions and blood samples were collected 14th, 28th, 60th and 90th days post challenge till animals were sacrificed on 90th day of challenge. Serum separated from blood samples were used for detection of serum antibodies by RBPT, STAT and indirect ELISA along with serum enzyme chemistry. The whole blood was used for blood hematology, plasma for cytokine levels and estimation of oxidative biomarker parameters was done in erythrocytes. The vital organs collected immediately after sacrifices were subjected to histopathology to observe the changes produced by challenge, estimation of oxidative biomarker parameters, live Brucella load in spleen and liver and molecular confirmation of B. melitensis by amplification of 16S rRNA and Omp31 genes. The splenocyte proliferation and expression of TLR by Real time PCR in spleen, liver, supra mammary lymph node and uterus tissues were also examined. On the basis of the findings of present study we can conclude the following: 1. Brucella melitensis biovar 3IND1 can be used as a vaccine candidate for the control of caprine Brucellosis in India. 2. Three vaccines developed with formalized killed Brucella melitensis biovar 3IND1and nano particle (NPV), polymer gel (PGV) and oil adjuvant (OAV) were found stable for the duration of 12 months under refrigeration temperature (4-8 °C). 3. Brucella melitensis biovar 3IND1based formalized killed vaccines (NPV, PGV and OAV) confer good serological as well as cell mediated immune response in mice and goats. 4. Nano particle, polymer gel and oil adjuvant can be used as adjuvants to improve immunogenicity in caprine. 5. The persistence of antibodies due to killed vaccination is for shorter duration in comparison to Rev.1 in caprine. 6. The protection against virulent Brucella melitensis biovar 3IND1in goats vaccinated with killed vaccines was comparable to Rev.1 for the duration of 90 days. 7. Among three killed vaccines attempted in present study, OAV revealed better efficacy and safety in comparison to other two vaccines (NPV & PGV). 8. The OAV was followed by PGV in efficacy and safety parameters. Based on laboratory findings as well as trial on homologous host OAV can be further recommended for field trial.ThesisItem Open Access Diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal injuries of hind limb in dogs(CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-02-04) Kumar, Akshay; Kumar, AmitThe present study was done to diagnose and manage musculoskeletal injuries of hind limb in dogs. Among 82 cases of femur fracture and 37 cases of tibia/fibula fracture, the diaphyseal portion of the femur and tibia was most frequently affected with fracture. Distal simple extra-articular fracture (33A1) was the most common type of fracture found in femur and diaphyseal simple oblique fracture (42A2) in tibia. Gustilo Grade III was the most common type of open fracture and Salter-Harris type I (Transverse fracture through the growth plate) was the most common type of epiphyseal fracture. 82 cases of femur fracture (64 unilateral and 9 bilateral) in 73 dogs varied in age from 1.5 months to 7 years, and their weights ranged from 3 kg to 31 kg. The intramedullary pinning (End threaded positive profile Steinmann pin) was used in repairing 35 femur fractures, rush pinning in 12 cases, triple pinning in 2 cases, femoral head ostectomy in 7 cases and cage rest was advised in 5 cases. All the cases of femur fracture ranging from simple transverse to highly comminuted can be effectively managed by end-threaded positive profile Steinmann pinning with or without cerclage wiring. Rush pinning was effective and suitable technique for management of distal metaphyseal/supracondylar fractures of femur. Femoral head osteotomy and triple pinning was successfully used for the management of femoral head and neck fracture. Dogs with tibia fractures varied in age from 2 months to 10 years, and their weights ranged from 3 kg to 33 kg. External coaptation was used for management in 16 cases of tibia fracture followed by bone plating in 11 cases, supracutaneous plating in 3 cases, intramedullary pinning in 3 cases and tension band wiring in 1 case. Bone plating (sole bone plate or plate rod construct) and normograde intramedullary pinning provided good-excellent fracture reduction as well as fixation along with excellent clinical outcome in tibia/fibula fractures. Dogs with joint condition (10 cases) varied in age from 6 months to 11 years, and their weights ranged from 13 kg to 30 kg. Among 10 cases of joint conditions, 6 cases were of coxofemoral luxation (4 cases were managed by closed reduction and external coaptation and 2 cases were managed by toggle pinning) and 4 cases were of tibiotarsal luxation (3 cases were managed by closed reduction and external coaptation and one by pan-tarsal arthrodesis). All the acute cases of hip dislocation can be effectively managed by closed reduction and external coaptation and chronic cases of hip dislocation are managed by toggle pinning.ThesisItem Open Access “Documentation of plants used for the treatment ofhypertension and liver diseases in Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir state”.(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu, 2019-11) Kumar, Amit; Sehgal, Dr. SandeepThe present study entitled “Documentation of plants used for the treatment of hypertension and liver diseases in Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir State” was conducted in the year 2018. An ethnobotanical survey was undertaken in the Doda and Samba districts of Jammu & Kashmir state. Data pertaining to ethnopharmacological uses of plants in treating hypertension and liver diseases were collected from the local people. A total of 120 individuals were interviewed by visiting the selected villages based on the pre-structured questionnaire through face to face interviews that comprised of herbal healers and people who had sufficient knowledge of local medicinal plants. The ethnobotanical interview consisted of some targeted questions from the local people regarding the local name of the plants used for treating hypertension and liver diseases; plant part used, habit, status, method of crude drug preparation, mode of consumption, method of collection and storage. Results revealed that 23 plant species (22 genera from 17 families) were used for the treatment of hypertension, whereas 40 plant species (37 genera from 24 families) were used for the treatment of liver diseases by these communities. Various parts of the plantused for the purpose were roots, stems, flower, fruits, leaves, bark, clove and seeds.Mode of consumption varied from decoction, juice, powder, vegetable, fruit and leaf paste. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) values ranged from 0.05 to 0.27 in case of species used for treating hypertension, whereas RFC values for species used in treating liver diseases ranged between 0.02 and 0.30, respectively. The growth habit of the species in decreasing order consisted of herbs, followed by trees, shrubs, climbers and roots in case of species used for both hypertension and liver diseases. PrunusarmeniacaL. was reported to be the most preferred species for treating hypertension, whereasPunicagranatumL. was the most preferred species for treating liver diseases in the study area. The results indicated the importance of local flora in the primary healthcare.ThesisItem Open Access Early Generation Selection of Lines Suitable for Yield and Earliness in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)(Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), BAU, Sabour, 2017-08) Kumar, Amit; Kumar, RandhirCauliflower is a thermo-sensitive cool season vegetable crop. On the basis of temperature requirement to curd initiation the crop is grouped into early, mid and late cauliflower. The hybrid is most important as because of uniform maturity, compacted curd, and resistant to environmental stresses. Very few hybrids are available for cultivation in early group of cauliflower. Inbreeding programme in cauliflower is tedious, labour intensive and costly that slower down the effectiveness of hybrid breeding programme. To reduce these problems, Jenkin (1935) had been proposed a technique to early generation testing in genotypes during inbreeding based on GCA estimation. In the present experiment 19 S2 generation lines were tested for combining ability analysis using line x tester mating design with two testers namely Sabour Agrim and Pusa Kartik Sankar. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design with a spacing of 50x 50 cm in two replications with two dates of planting. The analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant genetic variability among the treatments. The MSS for parent vs. cross was also found significant which depicted that existence of heterosis among the cross for the traits under study. The characters net curd weight (NCW), harvest index (HI), marketable curd weight (MCW) and biological weight (BW) were found to be highly heritable and high expected genetic advance indicated that the selection of parental line for these traits could be effective. Pooled analysis of GCA recorded Hzp 108 (-7.22) and Sel 31-1 (-4.97) were significantly negative for D50 % CI; usefulness for the development of early maturity hybrid. However Hzp 106 (112.23), Hzp 101 (80.52) and Hzp 111 (44.70) were found to be good general combiner for NCW that means these genotypes will be useful for the development high yielding hybrids. Cross combination Hzp 106 x PKS (48.02 %), Sel 332 x PKS (33.68 %) and SA-1 x SA (37.05 %) were recorded positive significant relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis for NCW. In the present study, the high D2 value indicated a high degree of genetic diversity among the genotypes. Pooled data analysis for morphological diversity revealed that all the 21 genotypes were grouped into four groups or clusters Cluster I includes 14 lines, cluster II includes 5 lines, cluster III and cluster IV include single genotype in each cluster. The highest inter cluster distance (580.42) was observed in between cluster I and cluster IV followed by cluster I and III (438.36), cluster I and II (180.79). On the basis of molecular diversity analysis, similarity values for all cauliflower genotypes were ranged from 0.50-0.90. The high ranges of similarity coefficient indicated the presence of narrow genetic variability. PIC value ranged from 0.121-0.290. All the SSR primers showed monomorphic band except SSR 73 and SSR 110. From the above findings it can be concluded that among the 19 segregating lines Hzp 108 and Sel 31-1 would be desirable for breeding cauliflower hybrids for earliness and lines Hzp 106 and Hzp 101 would be effective to producing the heterotic hybrids for net curd weight.ThesisItem Open Access “Effect of balanced fertilizer and planting techniques on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cv. G-282”.(Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel Universiy of Agriculture And Technology Meerut (U.P.), 2012) Kumar, Amit; Singh, BijenderaA field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250110,U.P. during Rabi 2010-11 & 2011-12 to study the “Effect of balanced fertilizer and planting techniques on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cv. G-282”. The experiment consisted of three main plot treatments (Planting Techniques) (P1 -Narrow raised beds, P2 -Wide raised beds and P3 -Flat beds) and five sub plot treatments (Fertilizer levels F1-100% RDF N through inorganic, F2-100% RDF N through FYM, F3 -50% RDF N through FYM+50% RDF N through inorganic, F4 -25% RDF N through FYM+ 75% RDF N through inorganic and F5-Control (No fertilizer).The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications. A significant increase in bulb yield with nutrient management involving organic manures and inorganic fertilizers over nutrient management through inorganic manures and nutrient management through organic fertilizers. The yield components such as number of cloves plant-1 and bulb weight were higher in balanced fertilizer as compared to organic nutrient management. Higher nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake were observed in balanced fertilizer as compared to organic nutrient management and inorganic nutrient management.Morphological characters were lower in flat bed method of planting as compare to narrow raised beds method and wide raised beds method indicating that individual plant performance was better in wide raised beds method over flat bed method of planting. With respect to economics, highest gross returns and net returns was registered when garlic plants were nourished with 25% RDF N through FYM + 75 % RDF N through inorganic.
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »