Browsing by Author "Kherwa, Radhe Shyam"
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ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies for Yield and Component Characters in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Over Different Seasons(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-03-12) Kherwa, Radhe Shyam; Bhardwaj, Raju LalAn investigation was undertaken with a view to evaluate the magnitude of heterosis, combining ability, G x E interactions and stability parameters for fruit yield and its component characters following Line × Tester design involving (4 females and 8 males) varieties/genotypes of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). These twelve parents and their 32 F1s with Pusa Uttam as standard check were tested for sixteen characters under three growing transplanting season. viz., E1: Summer Season – April, E2: Kharif Season – July, E3: Early Winter Season – October, in the year of 2020-2021, at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance for all the traits revealed presence of considerable genetic variability in the genotypes studied. Appreciable influence of environment which showed the genotype × environment interaction was significant for all the characters. While the mean squares due to G × E interactions were significant for most of the traits. The most heterotic crosses over mid parent, better parent and standard check for fruit yield and other contributing characters were PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PR-5 × Swarna Mani, PLR-1 × Swarna Mani, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-464, PR-5 × BCB-464, VR-2 × CO-2, IIHR- 563 × BCB-71-1 and IIHR- 563 × BCB-464. These crosses were considered promising for their use for improvement of yield characters with earliness and quality traits in brinjal. The environment wise combining ability analysis revealed significant differences for gca and sca variances for all the characters indicating importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the genetic control of all the characters studied. The mean sum of squares due to females × environments (seasons) were significant for fruit yield which indicated that gca variance of females were influenced by the environments. The combining ability studies indicated that among female parents, PR-5, PLR-1 and VR-2, whereas among male parents BCB-464, BCB-71-1, Swarna Mani and CO-2 were emerged as good general combiners for fruit yield and most of the contributing characters. Whereas, the crosses viz., PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PR-5 × BCB 464, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × Swarna Mani, VR-2 × CO-2, IIHR- 563 × BCB 464 and VR-2 × Swarna Mani were exhibited high sca effect for fruit yield and most of the contributing characters. These crosses could be of immense potential in brinjal improvement programme. The analysis of variance of phenotypic stability indicated highly significant G × E interaction for most of the traits indicating differential response of genotypes to varied environments. The mean sum of squares due to pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant for most of the characters indicating role of unpredictable causes affecting stability and the prediction of these attributes would be difficult. Joint consideration of mean performance and stability parameters revealed that parents BCB-464, BCB-71-1, PR-5, IIHR- 563, Swarna Mani and PLR-1 was more responsive for fruit yield and associated characters, therefore these were considered suitable for better environment. The crosses PR-5 × BCB-464, PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × Swarna Mani, IIHR- 563 × BCB-71-1 and PLR-1 × BCB-464 was stable over wide range of environments for most of fruit yield traits with earliness and quality attributes, showing their suitability for variable environments. Overall, on the basis of high per se performance, significant gca effects for fruit yield with earliness as well as quality characters and stability, the parents PR-5, BCB-464, BCB-71-1, PLR-1 and Swarna Mani were found superior. Out of 32 crosses studied, PR-5 × BCB-464, PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-464 and PLR-1 × Swarna Mani were found to have superior on the basis of high per se performance, sca effects, significant heterotic effect in desirable direction and good stability in all three environments as well as poled over environments for fruit yield and most of the associated traits like earliness and quality traits, offer good opportunity for future brinjal improvement programme.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis for fruit yield and quality traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), BAU, Sabour, 2017-07) Kherwa, Radhe Shyam; Solankey, S. S.Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae and is the fourth most economically important crop in the world after rice, wheat, and soybean. In India tomato occupies an area of 0.89 million hectares and having the production of 18.74, million tonnes (Anonymous, 2015). Hybrids are important due to high yield and uniformity and breeders are in look out for new hybrids. Heterosis and specific combining ability are good source for better hybrid selection while the general combining ability for the selecting to better combiner parent useful in breeding proposes. A half diallel mating scheme was adopted to develop 21 hybrids in autumn-winter season of 2015-16 and the hybrids along with the seven parents and one checks were evaluated in RCBD with three replications in the autumn-winter season of 2016-17 to accomplish the objectives: to estimate the extent of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, to estimate the extent of heterosis and combining ability for yield and quality contributing traits and to study the association of different characters and their direct and indirect effect with fruit yield and quality components in tomato. On the basis of mean performance the earliest flowering was observed in Pusa Rohini × H-86 and highest fruit yield was found in H-86 x Arka Vikash followed by H-86 x Arka Abha and Pusa Rohini x Arka Vikash. Among all hybrids, highest TSS (%) was observed in Arka Vikash x Arka Abha and Lycopene Content (mg/100g FW) in CLNB x Arka Abha. High broad sense heritability was observed for all characters except for days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, first fruit setting and fruits per plant. However, high genetic advance in percent of mean was found in all characters except days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruit setting and TSS (%). Pusa Rohini x Arka Vikash possessed high significant BPH (66.54%) and SH (60.45%) for total fruit yield, while Arka Vikash x Arka Abha possessed high significant standard heterosis for total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids content while Pusa Rohini x CLNB has high significant standard heterosis for phenol content, antioxidant and lycopene content. On GCA basis, H-86 is better for fruit yield per plant and total fruit yield and Pusa Rohini for earliness as well as Arka Vikash and CLNB for most of the biochemical parameters. On SCA basis, Pusa Rohini x Arka Vikash is best for fruit yield and Pusa Rohini × CLNB and Arka Vikash x Arka Abha are best for most of the biochemical parameters. Kayess et al. (2017) and Basavaraj et al. (2015) reported similar findings for heterosis and combining ability in tomato. The characters which are positively significant associated with fruit yield are Average fruit weight, primary branches per plant, Fruit size, Days to first flowering, Days to 50% flowering, Polar fruit diameter, Equatorial fruit diameter, Phenols content however fruit yield is negatively and significant associated with TSS content. On the basis of findings the genotypes viz., H-86, CLNB and Pusa Rohini have better general combining ability moreover, the crosses viz., H-86 x Arka Vikash, Arka Vikash x Arka Abha and Pusa Rohini x CLNB are better performing hybrids for yield and quality contributing traits and can be used in future tomato improvement programme for high yield and quality.