Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies for Yield and Component Characters in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Over Different Seasons
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Date
2022-03-12
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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
Abstract
An investigation was undertaken with a view to evaluate the magnitude of
heterosis, combining ability, G x E interactions and stability parameters for fruit yield
and its component characters following Line × Tester design involving (4 females and
8 males) varieties/genotypes of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). These twelve parents
and their 32 F1s with Pusa Uttam as standard check were tested for sixteen characters
under three growing transplanting season. viz., E1: Summer Season – April, E2: Kharif
Season – July, E3: Early Winter Season – October, in the year of 2020-2021, at
Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, in randomized block design with
three replications.
The analysis of variance for all the traits revealed presence of considerable
genetic variability in the genotypes studied. Appreciable influence of environment
which showed the genotype × environment interaction was significant for all the
characters. While the mean squares due to G × E interactions were significant for
most of the traits.
The most heterotic crosses over mid parent, better parent and standard
check for fruit yield and other contributing characters were PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PR-5 ×
Swarna Mani, PLR-1 × Swarna Mani, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-464, PR-5
× BCB-464, VR-2 × CO-2, IIHR- 563 × BCB-71-1 and IIHR- 563 × BCB-464. These
crosses were considered promising for their use for improvement of yield characters
with earliness and quality traits in brinjal.
The environment wise combining ability analysis revealed significant
differences for gca and sca variances for all the characters indicating importance of
both additive and non-additive gene effects in the genetic control of all the characters
studied. The mean sum of squares due to females × environments (seasons) were
significant for fruit yield which indicated that gca variance of females were influenced
by the environments.
The combining ability studies indicated that among female parents, PR-5,
PLR-1 and VR-2, whereas among male parents BCB-464, BCB-71-1, Swarna Mani
and CO-2 were emerged as good general combiners for fruit yield and most of the
contributing characters. Whereas, the crosses viz., PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PR-5 × BCB 464, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × Swarna Mani, VR-2 × CO-2, IIHR- 563 × BCB 464 and VR-2 × Swarna Mani were exhibited high sca effect for fruit yield and most
of the contributing characters. These crosses could be of immense potential in brinjal
improvement programme.
The analysis of variance of phenotypic stability indicated highly significant
G × E interaction for most of the traits indicating differential response of genotypes to
varied environments. The mean sum of squares due to pooled deviation (non-linear)
were also significant for most of the characters indicating role of unpredictable causes
affecting stability and the prediction of these attributes would be difficult. Joint
consideration of mean performance and stability parameters revealed that parents
BCB-464, BCB-71-1, PR-5, IIHR- 563, Swarna Mani and PLR-1 was more
responsive for fruit yield and associated characters, therefore these were considered
suitable for better environment. The crosses PR-5 × BCB-464, PR-5 × BCB-71-1,
PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × Swarna Mani, IIHR- 563 × BCB-71-1 and PLR-1 ×
BCB-464 was stable over wide range of environments for most of fruit yield traits
with earliness and quality attributes, showing their suitability for variable
environments.
Overall, on the basis of high per se performance, significant gca effects for
fruit yield with earliness as well as quality characters and stability, the parents PR-5,
BCB-464, BCB-71-1, PLR-1 and Swarna Mani were found superior. Out of 32
crosses studied, PR-5 × BCB-464, PR-5 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 × BCB-71-1, PLR-1 ×
BCB-464 and PLR-1 × Swarna Mani were found to have superior on the basis of high
per se performance, sca effects, significant heterotic effect in desirable direction and
good stability in all three environments as well as poled over environments for fruit
yield and most of the associated traits like earliness and quality traits, offer good
opportunity for future brinjal improvement programme.
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Citation
Kherwa, Radhe Shyam 2022.Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies for Yield and Component Characters in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Over Different Seasons. Ph.D. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur.