Browsing by Author "Karunakaran, R, et al.,"
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ArticleItem Open Access Antimicrobial activity of selected phytobiotics individually and in combination against gram positive and gram negative bacteria(2021) Senthamil Pandian, C; Radhakrishnan, L; Karunakaran, R, et al.,; TANUVASSeven locally available phytobiotics viz., ginger rhizome powder, turmeric rhizome powder, tulsi leaves powder, coriander seeds powder, fenugreek seeds powder, curry leaves powder, moringa leaves powder and its selected combinations were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains isolated at Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Namakkal. The phytobiotics collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu were cleaned, dried and ground to 1 mm size aseptically for obtaining aqueous and ethonalic extracts. The different levels of extracts prepared from herbs starting from 10 µl or 1.0 mg, 15 µl or 1.5 mg, 20 µl or 2.0 mg and 30 µl or 3.0 mg, were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherischia coli. Antimicrobial activity of selected individual phytobiotics and phytobiotics mixtures were measured as zone of inhibition in mm. Among the phytobiotic extracts, aqueous extracts of the individual herbs did not evince any zone of inhibition at all levels of extracts except at 20 µl or 2.0 mg level. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of herbs and phytobiotic mixtures gradually increased from lower 10 µl to 20 µl but the activity decreased at 30 µl level. Twenty micro liters of ethanol extracts of ginger rhizome powder, curry leaves powder, turmeric rhizome powder and coriander seeds powder revealed significantly highest antimicrobial activity (P<0.05) against gram positive bacteria over gram negative bacteria. The study also revealed that the aqueous extracts of selected phytobiotic mixtures did not reveal any zone of inhibition. All herbs and herbal mixtures of ethanol extracts possessed antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Among the ethanol extracts of individual herbs, curry leaves powder followed by ginger rhizome powder exerted significantly (P<0.05) highest zone of inhibition at 20 µl level. It could be concluded that ethanol extracts revealed antimicrobial potential in herbs and phytobiotic mixtures compared to aqueous extractsArticleItem Open Access Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity Study of Copper and Cobalt Nano Particles Synthesized by Physical Method(2023) Shete, PB; Ramesh, J; Karunakaran, R, et al.,; TANUVASIn the present study the nano copper and nano cobalt were synthesized by physical method using planetary ball mill. The synthesized nano particles were then characterised using Particle Size Analyzer, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscope. The average particle sizes of nano copper and cobalt were found to be 84.8 and 93.5 nm, respectively. The zeta potential for nano copper and nano cobalt was found to be -18.0 mV and -13.9 mV, respectively. The particle size measured by XRD and TEM in the nano particle ranged from 1-100 nm. The XRD data showed the characteristic structure for the copper and cobalt. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of -OH and -SO4 in both copper and cobalt nanoparticles. The cell cytotoxicity study revealed dose dependent cell cytotoxicity of copper and cobalt nanoparticles. In conclusion, synthesis of nano copper and cobalt by physical method is promising field for large scale production to use for livestock feeding.ArticleItem Open Access Standardizing the Growth Conditions for the Production of Hydroponic Fodder Horse Gram(2020-12) Gunasekaran, S; Valli, C; Karunakaran, R, et al.,; TANUVASIn a fabricated hydroponic fodder production unit biomass yield of hydroponic fodder horse gram in a 2 x 3 factorial design in six replicates was adopted to assess the influence of soaking (8 or 12 hours) and germination time (4 or 8 or 12 hours) of horse gram seeds. Irrespective of the soaking and germination time no significant variation (P < 0.05) was observed on the biomass yield. However, numerically higher biomass yield at 12 hours of soaking and 4 hours of germination was observed. To determine the influence of different seed rate (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 g / sq.ft) on biomass yield of hydroponic fodder horse gram a study was conducted which revealed the highest biomass yield of 5.28±0.32 kg/ kg of seed at a seed rate of 50 g/sq.ft on 6th day of growth.ArticleItem Open Access Stool Characteristics of Obese Dogs Fed on Therapeutic Diets with Altered Levels of Protein and Fibre(2022) Abinaya, A; Karu, Pasupathi; Karunakaran, R, et al.,; TANUVAS24 Labrador retriever obese dogs of more than 3 years age were put in four different treatment groups. The percentage of crude protein and crude fibre of T1, T2, T3 and T4 diet were 15.74 % and 4.09 %; 21.90 % and 11.28 %; 21.73 % and 8.23 %; 15.72 % and 3.99 %, respectively. Including high fibre in the diet affects the stool characeristics. This study aimed to find out the safe level of fibre to promote weight loss without affecting the stool characteristics. The stool score was lowest in dogs in T2 (2.16 ± 0.16 to 2.83 ± 0.16). The frequency of defecation had no significant difference among the treatments. The frequency of defecation was higher in T2 with mean frequency of 1.66 ± 0.21 to 1.83 ± 0.16, when compared with other groups. The pH of the stools was significantly different between the treatments. Higher acidic pH was noticed in T2 (4.91 ± 0.20 to 5.25 ± 0.17) followed by T3, T4 and T1.The present study showed no incidence of diarrhea throughout the trial period in any group.ArticleItem Open Access Synthesis, Characterization and Safety Assessment of Nano Selenium and Organic Selenium for Incorporation in Lamb Feed(2022-03) Vajpeyee, SS; Ramesh, J; Karunakaran, R, et al.,; TANUVASBackground: Selenium is an important trace mineral required by the animals. It is an integral part of antioxidant system protecting the body against free radical injury. Nano particles attract a widespread attention due to its high bioavailability and efficacy. The current study was aimed to synthesize, characterize nano selenium and evaluate the cytotoxic effect of nano selenium and organic selenium (selenocysteine) under in vitro condition in vero cell line. Methods: Nano selenium was synthesized by wet chemical method by using sodium selenite, selenium powder, ascorbic acid and sodium hydroxide at laboratory level. In this study particle size, shape, zeta potential and selenium content were characterized by using particle size analyser (PSA), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The toxicity was analysed by MTT assay against vero cell line. Result: The result revealed that selenium nano particles were spherical in shape, nano in size (less than 50 nm) and pure in nature. The nano selenium and organic selenium (selenocysteine) effectively inhibited the growth of vero cells in a dose dependent manner.