Browsing by Author "Kar, Ranjan Kumar"
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
Results Per Page
Sort Options
ThesisItem Open Access Livelihood Dependence and Marketing of Kendu Leaves in Boudh District of Odisha.(Orissa Univesrity of Agriculture and Technology; Bhubaneswar, 2016) Priyambada, Sucheta; Kar, Ranjan KumarThesisItem Open Access Livelihood Dependence and Marketing of Ntfts is Daspalla Forest Range of Nayagarh District of Odisha.(Orissa Univesrity of Agriculture and Technology; Bhubaneswar, 2016) Kar, Ashutosh Gourav; Kar, Ranjan KumarThesisItem Open Access Livelihood dependence and marketing of sal leaves in Mayurbhanj and Balasore districts of Odisha.(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2018-07-01) Biswal, Maitri Manjit; Kar, Ranjan KumarSal forests are quite extensive in India and occupy 13.3% of the total forest area of the country. Odisha covers the highest spread of sal forests in the country covering more than 30% to that of India. Present study was undertaken to observe the livelihood dependency, trend and issues of marketing of sal leaves and addressing their potential solutions in Mayurbhanj and Balasore districts of Odisha. Seven villages were chosen through purposive sampling of 7 blocks, household sampling percentage was 35 to 45% (random) where primary data and secondary data were collected.Data were subjected to statistical analyses (χ2 and descriptive statistics) for drawing valid conclusion. Maximum number of people was under primary education. Illiteracy was varying between 13.1% to 30.0%. Maximum people are of landless classes. Out of total households of sample villages majority had agriculture as primary occupation. Main occupation engages maximum percentage of households (40.5%) for 200-250 days and maximum percentage (39.7%) of households to fetch annual income 0.5 to 1.0 lakh. For secondary occupation maximum percentage of households (70.0%) relying on NTFPs, maximum percentage of households (65.5%) work 50-100 days/ year and maximum households earn as secondary income Rs.3000–5000/ year of the total households (59.3%). Major NTFPs found were sal leaves, siali, myrabalan, mahua, sal leaves, bamboo, fodder, fire wood etc. Sal leaves occupation has been playing important role for increasing the economic condition of the country. The occupational dependency correlated positively with sex ratio and household size and negatively correlated with education, remoteness from forests, education and infrastructure. There are different marketing channel for sal leaves.1. Primary collector- khali agent-contractual processors-big trader-consumer. 2. Primary collector-weekly/bi weekly hat-processors cum trader-big trader-whole seller. 3. Primary collector-agent-contractual processor-big trader-whole sellers- retailerconsumer. The issues identified and solution brought may be inter district/state coordination in crop improvement, processing, uniform bagging, fixation, incentive, capacity building, insurance support of wageswith transparency and uniform policy may be broad imperative to revitalise this sector for better dependency of moribund society with future marketing security.ThesisItem Open Access Livelihood dependence and marketing of sal leaves in Sambalpur and Deogarh districts of Odisha.(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2018-07-01) Panda, Swagat Kumar; Kar, Ranjan KumarShorearobustacovers about 14% of Indian forest. From time immemorial, forest dwelling people of India belonging to the states of Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, etc. rely extensively on sal trees as a substantial source of their livelihood. Collection and stitching of sal leaves is one of their traditional and indigenous vocation of the scheduled caste and schedule tribe communities of those fringe areas. The dominant role of sal leaves as trencher or eating plates (patravali/ khali) to contribute occupation of those disadvantaged classes is confronting contemporarily with threat of market insecurity and transformation of occupation. This is high time to quantify it’s livelihood dependence and trade route to revitalize this low productivity low wage natural resource sector. Keeping this in view, 10 sal leaves collectors’ villages of Sambalpur and Deogarh districts were studied to assess the quantum of livelihood dependence on sal leaves and find out the problems and limitations of their marketing.Villages were selected through purposive sampling out of 3 blocks of Sambalpur and 2 blocks of Debgarh districts. Households interview made based on random sampling with sampling intensity 20 to 30%. Primary data collection was made as per the interview schedule from the househiolds and secondary data collected from government reports. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (χ2 and descriptive statistics) for valid conclusion. Literacy rate of over all study area was observed to be 67.28% but highest illiteracy was observed with Kansar (52%). Maximum people were of landless classes (38.64%) compared to marginal, small, medium and large farming classes. From the pooled data of 10 villages majority (29.58%) had agriculture as primary occupation. Primary occupation engaged maximum percentage of households (31.68%) for 150-200 days to generate annual income 0.5 to 1.0 lakh for maximum strength of people (28.53%). secondary occupation as NTFPs covers maximum households (44.24%) and engages maximum mass of people (38.90%) for less than 100 days and maximum percentage (27.5%) to earn annually Rs.10000-15000. Major NTFPs found were mahua, leaves of sal and kendu, firewood, edible shoots (karadi) and culms of bamboo, tamarind, siali, fodder, etc. Out of the averge annual earning from NTFPs () in the study area sal leaf contributes highest (64.7 lakh) among the villages in Naulipada. Lowest was with Dantari (13.9 lakh). Total number of man- days involved in this sector was highest with Naulipada (81120) and lowest with Dantari (17440). Nine types of trade routes were observed in the disposal of sal leaves for domestic and national markets. Among domestic routes longest one (sell of 23.33%) had 7 functionaries i.eprimary collection/ processing followed by marketing agent, contractor, big trader, whole seller, retailer and finally the consumer which accounts for the total market channels. The marketing channel holding maximum percentage (24.35%) of the total market channels is comparatively short and comprises of only 3 functionaries such as Primary collector/Processing unit,weeklyhaat and Consumer. The use of mechanised pressing unit is notably low. The issues identified and solution brought may be awareness programmes by government regarding their rights and concessions, establishment of mechanical processing units, promoting sal leaf products by spreading awareness among the masses, and adoption of proper method of value addition.ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF PADDY UNDER BUND PLANTATIONS IN AGRI-SILVICULTURE MODULE UNDER AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN KENDRAPADA, ODISHA(Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 2021) Tripathy, Alok; Prajapati, R.K.; Kar, Ranjan Kumar; Bodalkar, Sarita; Saxena, Ravi R.; Devangan, Yeman; Nayak, Saswat NayakAgroforestry is a land use system where woody perennials are cultivated on the same land management units along with annual/biennial agricultural crops and livestock components. To study the yield of Paddy under the bund plantation of Acacia auriculiformis&Eucalyptus tereticornis, B-C ratio in the agri-silviculture system as well as in the sole crop and growth increments of the tree components in the bund plantation an experiment was conducted in two different fields in Kendrapada District (Odisha) during the year 2020-21 in Kharif season (Oct-Dec). Observations were recorded for severalgrowth and yield parameters such as Height measurement of paddy plants in 30-day interval till the harvest of crop 150 DAP, No. of Tillers /Plant at harvest, Panicle length of Paddy at harvest, Number of grains per panicle at harvest, Seed weight of 100 grains at harvest, Grain yield (q/ha), Straw yield (q/ha), Biological Yield, Harvest index (%), Height of trees present in the field bunds, Diameter at Breast Height (D.B.H.), Girth at Breast Height (G.B.H.) for both the tree and crop components in a 30 days interval. The same observation also recorded under sole cropped field of the paddy varieties Pooja and Kalachampa. The observed data was then statically analyzed using T-test. After analyzing and computing the data of this experiment results showed that If we consider only growth parameters and economic yield of paddy, bund plantation of trees has an adverse effect on paddy up to 5% of low yield. But when we calculated the B-C ratio, B-C ratio of the sole crop was significantly lower than the B:C ratio of crop under bund plantation of A.auriculiformisand E.teretocornis. In experimental site – 1, the B-C ratio of sole crop was 2.04 whereas the B- C ratio of crop with the bund plantation of A.auriculiformiswas 3.00. In experimental site - 2, the B-C ratio of sole crop was 2.22 whereas the B-C ratio of crop with the bund plantation of E.teretocorniswas 2.55. This is due to wood component income after harvest of mature tree crop farmers get money in 12 year. The calculation of amount obtained in 12 year equally divided by yearly basis. BC ratio we may conclude the results that there is more economic benefit when we plant trees on field bund along with the crops despite of a little reduction of the yield of rice compared to the sole crop. Thus agroforestry system is economically beneficial in the long run as compared to a sole crop. After this experiment we can suggest the farmers in Kendrapada to go with bund plantation of trees rather than sole cropping of Paddy. As bund plantation of trees improve the soil fertility with litter decomposition and addition of nitrogen through nitrogen fixing trees. The bund plantation of agroforestry trees are beneficial for to enhance the income as well sustainable agriculture maintain soil fertility both this comes under eco-friendly agriculture system.ThesisItem Open Access Standardisation of clonal propagation and variation studies in different species of bamboo in coastal Odisha(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2018-07-01) Sahoo, Saswati; Kar, Ranjan KumarThe present experiment entitled “Standardization of clonal propagation and variation studies in different species of Bamboo in coastal Odisha” was conducted with the objectives to study the response of different species of bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa nutans, Bambusa tulda and Bambusa bambos) to various concentrations of IBA for shoot and root initiation of culm cutting method and to study the phenotypic variations of sprouts and roots regenerated from culm cuttings among the 5 species of bamboo due to variations in their genetic behaviour in order to get an idea for mass multiplication and biomass production to meet the multifarious demands of bamboo based sector. . The experiment was carried out in Split-Plot Design with 3 replications with 5 species of bamboo as main plot factor and different concentrations of IBA (0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm) as sub-plot factors. The findings revealed that maximum sprout height (58.85 cm) was observed in B. vulgaris. Maximum height growth was recorded in B. vulgaris for 100 ppm (72.3 mm) .Maximum Collar Diameter growth (5.08 mm) among 5 species was observed in B. vulgaris and Highest collar diameter was observed in B. vulgaris for 100 ppm (5.8 mm). Maximum no. of leaves (11.05) was observed in B. vulgaris. B. vulgaris for 0 ppm (13.1) was observed to be most suitable hormone combination. Longest leaf length was observed in B. tulda (15.38 cm). B. tulda with 300 ppm was recorded longest leaf (18.2 cm). Maximum leaf breadth (6.2 cm) was observed in B. nutans. Widest leaf breadth was observed in B. nutans (6.3 cm) for 200 ppm. Maximum number of shoots (6.86) was observed in B. nutans. B. bambos for 300 ppm (8.9 cm) was recorded highest number of shoots. Maximum number of nodes (7.87) was observed in B. vulgaris. Highest number of nodes was recorded in B. tulda for 100 ppm (9.2 cm). Maximum branching (7.55) was observed in B. tulda. Highest number of branches was recorded in B. tulda for 200 ppm (10.3). Maximum number of roots (55.3) was observed in B. nutans. Highest number of roots was recorded in B. nutans for 0 ppm (55.3). Maximum root length (36.7 cm) was recorded in B. nutans. Longest root length was recorded in B. nutans for 300 ppm (36.7 cm). Maximum fresh shoot biomass (170.06 gm) was observed in B. nutans. 0 ppm for B. nutans (275.1 gm) was recorded maximum fresh shoot biomass. Maximum dry shoot biomass was observed in B. nutans (86.67 gm). Maximum fresh root biomass was observed in B. nutans (54.4) for 300 ppm. Maximum Quality Index was recorded in B. nutans for 0 ppm (7.8). Maximum Volume Index was observed in B. vulgaris for 200 ppm (2442.8). Highest correlation was observed between Fresh Root Biomass and Dry root Biomass (0.98) and lowest correlation was observed in between no. of roots and collar diameter (0.42) followed by Dry shoot Biomass and Root Length (0.47). Phenotypic correlation of characters was ranged between 0.413 (no. of nodes and no. of shoots) to 0.996 (fresh shoot biomass and dry shoot biomass).ThesisItem Open Access To study the current challenges and future prospects of women entrepreneurship with special reference to forest-based sector in Keonjhar district of Odisha(Department of Forest Business Management, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Lenka, Prachi Pratima; Kar, Ranjan Kumar; Nayak, Hiranmayee; Mishra, Sarba NarayanForests play a central role in rural livelihoods, especially for the poor and marginalized section. Half of the 1.5 billion people globally who rely on forest produces for subsistence and cash income are women. Therefore, more focus should be directed in economically upscaling women from deriving forest-based subsistence to becoming forest-based entrepreneurs for which the current study is carried out entitled- “To study the current challenges and future prospects of women entrepreneurship with special reference to forest based sector in Keonjhar district of Odisha”. The study carried out on forest-based entrepreneurs will not only celebrate their success but also built a greater dialogue on motivation, support structures and strategies that led to their success. Present study was fragmented into three sections- i) women subsistence from forests, ii) their commercialization and iii) current challenges and future prospects of forest-based entrepreneurship for which data collected from primary sources (interview schedule) and secondary sources; following conclusions were recorded. Random sampling conducted for selecting forest-dependent communities and forest-based women entrepreneurs. Of women with forest-based subsistence, maximum was middle-aged (25-35 years) with 82.79% attended school. Caste-wise, 68.27% OBCs and 20.49% STs. Maximum (95.49%) married with only 20.43% availed vocational training. 76.71% have nuclear family. Maximum (68.62%) are marginal, minimum (2.30%) landless and no large farmers recorded. Agriculture as primary occupation maximum (63.28%) with employment highest (66.44%) for 50-100 days and lowest (14.43%) for 200 days. Annual income mostly (78.05%) confined to Rs. 25,000- 50,000 and minimum (2.01%) had > Rs.2,00,000. Highly significant correlations between socio-economic parameters; values ranging between 0.9995-0.9999. Knowledge level of women regarding forest-based entrepreneurship was nearly 50% which suggest that greater awareness programmes must be conducted by government and non government organization. Among the entrepreneurs, maximum is middle-aged with 31.25% General and ST each. 75% were married and most (43.75%) attended school with only half availed vocational training. One-fourth units were attached to residence and 75% units were at a distance. 75% units were registered; majority (68.5%) used capital Rs 3,00,000 (Kendell coefficient of concordance). 25% availed NGO support; hence development required in this direction. 93.75% were aware of government support, while 87.5% availed government support services and also low reliability recorded over these services (Cronbach’s alpha). 81.25% aware of government financial support. Low levels of aptitude were recorded regarding forest-based employment, hence awareness and support in this direction is a must. Lack of motivation, managerial skills, market linkages, institutional support, ability to cope up with changing business, business knowledge, financial ability; personal unwillingness are the major threats encountered by women to start an enterprise, hence support for boosting motivation and confidence, management and technical assistance, extending effective market linkage, vocational and skill upgrading programmes, finance, effective policy and infrastructure, gender sensitization in rural areas and awareness, social mobilization and capacity development must be provided.