Browsing by Author "KULDEEP SINGH DANGI"
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ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2014) AHMAD SAMIM SAMIMY; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIIn the present investigation, fifty genotypes of blackgram were evaluated to study the genetic diversity present in the experimental material, the extent of association between the yield and its component characters and to estimate direct and indirect effects of various characters. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications at college Farm, College of Agriculture, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during Kharif 2012. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for yield and its component characters. High GCV and PCV values were observed for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, and 100 seed weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight indicating the role of additive genes in the inheritance of these traits. Hence these characters could be improved through simple phenotype selection. The characters plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pods length and 100 seed weight indicated significant positive association with seed yield. Therefore, possibility exist for simultaneous improvement of these characters along with seed yield. The path coefficient analysis studies revealed that selection for number of pods per cluster, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight would directly increase seed yield. Based on the relative magnitude of D2 results and principal component analysis, the genotypes showed considerable amount of genetic diversity and the genotypes were grouped into eight clusters in both the methods. The grouping of genotypes into clusters was at random indicating that geographical isolation might not be the only factor causing genetic diversity. Out of eleven characters studied, number of pods per plant contributed maximum (36%) towards divergence followed by 100-seed weight (35.10%) in D2 analysis. The principal component analysis identified three principal components, which contributed (69.18%) of cumulative variance. Based on D2 values, crosses are proposed between the genotypes of clusters VII (MBG-1054) and cluster VIII (ACM-05-007), which had high cluster distance, for getting high seed weight, more number of pods per plant, early flowering and maturity, more number of pods per cluster and high seed yield per plant. Crossing between cluster VI (LBG-726) and VII (MBG-1054) appeared desirable for getting tall plants, long pods, more number of clusters per plant and more number of pods per plant which ultimately results in high yield. The principal component analysis revealed that crosses between cluster I (MBG-615), VIII (ACM-05-007) and cluster VII (MBG-1054), which had high inter cluster distance could be useful for getting early maturity, tall plants, more number of clusters per plant, long pods, and high seed weight which may leads to high seed yield per plant.ThesisItem Open Access COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN NEW PROMISING HYBRIDS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(PROFESSOR JAYSHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2015) SANTHOSH KUMAR, B; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIThe present investigation entitled “Combining ability studies in new promising hybrids in rice (oryza sativa L.)” was carried out at R.A.R.S, Polasa, Jagtial.With the aim to identify promising hybrids. The main objectives of the investigation were to study the combining ability of parents and the crosses to identify superior parents and hybrids. Besides magnitude of heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis, were also estimated. The study also aimed to asses the physical grain quality traits of the hybrids and identification of hybrids with gall midge resistance. Four CMS lines were crossed with nine testers and the resultant 36 crosses along with the parents and two checks viz., Samrat and 27P31 were evaluated for combining ability (Line x Tester design), heterosis and grain quality traits at R.A.R.S, Polasa, Jagtial during kharif, 2014. Combining ability effects were studied and heterosis was estimated for the various characters like days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, number of tillers per plant, spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, incidence of gall midge, kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B ratio, hulling percentage, milling percentage and head rice recovery. The analysis of variance for yield contributing and physical grain quality characters revealed significant difference among the treatments for all the characters under study. In case of replications, for most of the characters, there were no significant differences except for, panicle length, incidence of gall midge, hulling and milling percentage, which signifies that the differences were mainly due to the genotypes. So, further study of these genotypes for combining ability can be continued. The gca effects of the parents revealed that the lines viz., CMS 46A and CMS 11A and the testers viz., JGL-20779, JGL-18047, JGL-20171 were promising general combiners for single plant yield.Based on significant sca effects, six cross combinations viz., CMS 46A x JGL-20779, CMS 11A x JGL-20779, CMS 11A x JGL-21820, CMS 46A x JGL-18222, CMS 46A x JGL-21820 and JMS-1 x JGL-20779 appeared promising for grain yield. The physical grain quality traits like kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B ratio, hulling and milling percentage, head rice recovery, was studied and it was found that among the lines, CMS 46A line had maximum hulling, milling and head rice recovery. Among the testers, JGL-20779 recorded maximum hulling, milling, head rice recovery percentage. Among the crosses CMS 23A x JGL-20171 was the best hybrid for hulling, milling, and head rice recovery percentage. Heterosis for single plant yield was mainly because of simultaneous manifestation of heterosis for yield component traits. Of the 36 hybrids studied, the significant positive standard heterosis over the best check Samrat, was observed in three hybrids, These hybrids are, CMS 46A x JGL-20779(15.30), CMS 11A x JGL-20779 (13.88), CMS 11A x JGL-21820(11.03). The best hybrid identified was CMS 46A x JGL-20779, which had highest single plant yield of (32.4 g/plant), short duration (123 days) and L/B ratio (3.19) which indicates the fitness of the grain, highly preferred by consumers of Telangana. Further, it showed lower susceptible reaction to gall midge at Jagtial. Another hybrid CMS 11A x JGL- 21820 with short duration (125 days) gall midge resistance and higher single plant yield (31.2 g/plant) and L/B ratio is (2.36) also appeared to be promising. Another hybrid CMS 23A x JGL-21820 with short duration (121 days) gall midge resistance and higher single plant yield (27.7 g/plant) and L/B ratio is (2.67) also appeared to be promising.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION STUDIES IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(Professor jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University, 2003) VINDLA SRIDHAR; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIpes were evaluated to study genetic divergence, character association and path coefficient analysis. The experiment was laid out at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Hyderabad during rabi 2002-03. Data were recorded on fourteen characters including three physiological parameters. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Based on Mahalanobis D' analysis the 44 genotypes were grouped into nine clusters. The pattern of distribution of genotypes into various clusters revealed that there was no relationship between geographical distribution and genetic diversity. Greater genetic divergence found between cluster V1 and VIII, suggested exploitation of these two clusters by intermating the genotypes in a definite breeding design to explore the fullest range of heterosis and to realize good recombinant lines. The genotypes IB-5, 1258-1 -1 -9 (cluster I), GP 10 1 1 (cluster Ill), 1202-5- 1-3 (cluster lV), Acc No. 153 (cluster V) could be considered for recombination breeding in order to get desirable segregants with higher yield potential. The character association studies indicated that seed yield was positively correlated with head diameter, number of filled seed per head, total d~y matter per plant, leaf area index, seed filling percentage, 1 00-seed weight, harvest index, plant height and number of leaves per plant. However, oil content exhibited significant negative association with seed yield per plant. I'ath coeK~cierlt analysis revealed that the cliaracters; filled seeds per head, 100-seed weight, total dry matter per plant, leaf area index, harvest index, number of leaves per plant and days to maturity had positive direct effect on seed yield per plant, while, days to 50 per cent flowering, head diameter, seed filling percentage, oil content and plant height showed negative direct effects. The results of the study suggested that the characters viz., filled seeds per head, 100-seed weight, total dry matter per plant, leaf area index could be given emphasis for isolation of desirable genotypes, with high genetic potential for seed yield coupled with high physiological efficiency.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE STUDIES IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) GENOTYPES(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2004) SRINIVAS, B; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIIn the present investigation, 100 sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) GMU lines were screened for their temperature tolerance by using Temperature Induction Response (TIR) technique in laboratory conditions at DOR, Hyderabad. Forty three genotypes along with two checks, KBSH-1 and Morden were studied for genetic divergence. Out of 43 lines, 11 genotypes were identified as more thermotolerant and studied along with the check variety ‘Morden’ for their moisture stress tolerance at field level. These studies were conducted at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Hyderabad during Summer, 2004. From the experiment on thermotolerance screening eleven lines viz., GMU- 109, GMU-129, GMU-133, GMU-134, GMU-138, GMU-141, GMU-149, GMU- 157, GMU-175, GMU-185 and GMU-196 were identified as most thermotolerant as they exhibited above 80 per cent seeding survival during recovery period following the induction and lethal temperature treatmetns. For genetic divergence studies the analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the 15 characters studied. Based on Mahalanobis D2 analysis the 45 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters. The pattern of distribution of genotypes into various clusters revealed that there was no relationship between geographical distribution and genetic diversity. Greater genetic divergence found between cluster I and IX, suggested exploitation of these two clusters by intermating the genotypes in a definite breeding designs to explore the fullest range of heterosis and to realize good recombinant lines. The genotypes GMU-104, 118 and 107 (cluster I), GMU-122 (cluster III), Morden (cluster VI) and GMU-109, 114, 113 and 132 (cluster IX) could be considered for recombination breeding in order to get desirable segregants with higher yield potential. The drought tolerance studies conducted on 12 genotypes for eleven characters revealed that there were no significant differences among the stress treatments for the traits, plant height, total dry matter per plant, 100-seed weight and harvest index, while the characters head diameter, head weight, number of unfilled seeds per head, number of filled seeds per head, seed filling per cent, seed yield per plant and leaf area index differed significantly among the stress treatments. All the characters studied were affected during stress imposed at flowering except for the trait 100-seed weight which was effected more during stress at seed filling. The genotypes GMU-157, GMU-149, GMU-129 and GMU-185 were found to be more tolerant to moisture stress, based on their performance for various characters studied.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION FOR YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS IN POPULAR RICE HYBRIDS (Oryza sativa L.)(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2009) SHREYA, K.; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIThe present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2008 to study the genetic parameters for yield and yield characters, grain quality characters, character association and path coefficient analysis in twenty one rice hybrids. The experiment was laid out at Directorate of Rice Research Farm, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Data were recorded on yield, yield attributing characters and grain quality characters. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied except for milling percentage. The characters viz., number of filled grains per panicle, number of chaffy grains per panicle and Iron content exhibited high GCV and PCV. The differences between GCV and PCV were low for all the characters studied which indicated less influence of environment on these characters. The characters viz., number of filled grains per panicle and water uptake by the grain exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating role of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Character association studies revealed significantly positive association of grain yield per plant with number of productive tillers per plant, whereas characters such as days to 50 per cent flowering had significant and positive association with plant height, panicle length and number of filled grains per panicle, plant height exhibited positive and significant association with number of filled grains per panicle, number of chaffy grains per panicle and panicle length, while panicle length exhibited positive significant association with number of filled grains per panicle, number of chaffy grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight. Therefore, selection for these traits can improve yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of productive tillers per plant has shown high positive direct effect on grain yield. Genetic as well as management practices will play a pivotal role for the exploitation of higher yields in rice in the present study. Hence, emphasis can be placed on this character for yield improvement.ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN CASTOR(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2009) CHANDRESH SINGH GAUTAM; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIThe present investigation on “Heterosis and combining ability studies in castor (Ricinus communis L.)” was carried out using 39 hybrids generated in a line x tester design using three lines (DPC-9,DPC-17 and M-568) and 13 testers (DCS-9, DCS-92, DCS-93, DCS-94, DSC-96, DCS-97, DCS-98, DCS-103, DCS-104, DCS-106, KIRAN, RG-1582-1 and RG-1582-2) in rabi 2007-08. All the 39 hybrids along with two standard checks-DCH-177 and DCH-519 were evaluated in a RBD with two replications at Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar during kharif, 2008-09. The genotypes were evaluated for 13 characters viz., number of nodes to primary spike, number of nodes to secondary spike-1 (S1), number of nodes to secondary spike-2 (S2), plant height (cm), total length of primary spike (cm), effective length of primary spike (cm), number of capsules per primary spike, number of effective spikes per plant,100- seed weight (g), cumulative seed yield at first, second and final picking (kg/ha) and oil content (%). The data were analysed for estimation of combining ability, heterosis, correlation and path analysis using standard statistical procedures. Combining ability analysis revealed DPC-9 a good general combiner for final seed yield, and short plant height. The line M-568 was a good general combiner for plant height, total and effective length of primary spike, number of capsules per primary spike and seed yield in first picking. Eight hybrids viz., DPC-9 x DCS-92, DPC-9 x DCS-94, DPC-9 x DCS-104, DPC-9 x Kiran, DPC-17 x DCS-98,DPC-17 x DCS-106, M-568 x DCS-93 and M-568 x DCS-103 were good specific combiners for seed yield in all the three pickings. Five hybrids viz., M-568 x DCS-96, DPC-9 x DCS-94, DPC-9 x DCS-104, DPC- 17 x DCS-91 and DPC-9 x DCS-97 were significantly superior over the checks for cumulative final seed yield. The hybrid M-568 x DCS-96 with maximum standard heterosis over both the checks DCH-177 (20.9) and DCH-177 (30.6%) was also heterotic for number of capsules per primary spike and oil content. Other heterotic hybrids viz., DPC-9 x DCS-104, DPC-17 x DCS-91 were also superior to the hybrid DCH-177 for oil content. In the present investigation, oil content (%) was negatively correlated with seed yield in all the three pickings but had positive association with other yield contributing characters. The path coefficient analysis revealed that total spike length, number of capsules per primary, seed yield in second picking were direct contributors to final seed yield. Indirect effects were indicated by total spike length, through number of nodes to secondary spike1, secondary spike 2, plant height, effective spike length, number of capsules and oil content; number of capsules per primary through number of nodes to primary, plant height, total and effective spike length, seed yield in first, second picking and oil content; oil content through number of effective spikes, 100- seed weight, seed yield at first and second picking to the final seed yield. The traits number of nodes to secondary spike 1, secondary spike 2, seed yield in first and second picking had net significant positive genotypic effect on final seed yield while, number of effective spikes per plant and oil content was having significant negative genotypic effect on final seed yield. Based on per se performance, sca effect and standard heterosis over the checks, five hybrids viz., M-568 x DCS-96, DPC-9 x DCS-94, DPC-9 x DCS-104, DPC-17 x DCS-91 and DPC-9 x DCS-97 can be identified for commercial exploitation of heterosis in castor after confirmation in multilocation trials.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF STABLE CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILE LINES IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2004) HARI KISHAN, S; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIThe investigations were carried out to evaluate five new diverse CMS sources for stability of cytoplasmic male sterility, per se performance, physiological and biochemical characterisation of CMS lines. The material comprised of 22 genotypes which included 10 CMS lines from five diverse cytosterile sources viz., PET-1, PET-2, GIG-1, CMS PF and CMS-I, their maintainers and two standard checks (CMS 7-1A, CMS-234A). The experiments were conducted at Directorate of Oilseeds Research Farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif, 2000 and rabi, 2000-01. The analysis of variance revealed that significant variability was present in all the genotypes. Among the five diverse CMS sources, CMS PET-2 recorded maximum mean performance for most of the characters i.e., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, head diameter, number of filled seeds per head, number of leaves per plant, oil percentage, oil yield per plant and seed yield per plant in kharif as well as in rabi seasons. The stability studies indicated that CMS-I and CMS-PF were unstable whereas, PET-1, PET-2 and GIG-1 sources were stable in all the sowing dates throughout the year. Hence, the cytosterile sources, PET-1, PET-2 and GIG-1 could be utilised in hybrid development programme. The study of physiological parameters revealed that maximum leaf area index of 3.81 was obtained in CMS lines taken from GIG-1 cytoplasm followed by CMS-I and PET-2 cytoplasm. Maximum LAI was found at the time of 60 DAS and later it declined. In case of total drymatter production and harvest index, PET-2 source of cytoplasm showed the highest values. The data on fatty acid composition of sunflower oil revealed that the total unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) were higher than the total saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic acids). The CMS lines from PET-1, PET-2 and GIG-1 cytoplasms recorded highest linoleic acid and oleic acid content. These lines with high amounts of oleic and linoleic acid may be used in hybridization programme for developing new hybrids as high amounts of these two essential fatty acids is of considerable significance with respect to both quality and human diet. Based on the present study it can be concluded that, PET-1, PET-2 and GIG-1 cytoplasms are not only stable but also showed high amount of total unsaturated fatty acids composition and good per se performance for all the characters studiedThesisItem Open Access IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANCE IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2005) MANIKYAMMA, P; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIAn investigation was carried out with six sunflower genotypes viz., SF 02, BRISF 23, BRISF 73, DSI 26, KBSH 1 and Morden with the main objective of screening the genotypes for moisture stress tolerance under in vitro and in vivo. Studies were also conducted to determine the effect of different hormonal combinations and concentrations on callus induction and shoot formation of the explants (embryo and shoot tip). Tissue culture studies indicated that embryos cultured on MS + 1 mg l-1 IAA + 0.5 mg l-1 BA higher callus initiation while, maximum multiple shoot induction was obtained on MS basal + 0.1 mg l-1 NAA + 1 mg l-1 BA. Multiple shooting from shoot tip was maximum on MS basal + 0.5 mg l-1 BA. Data were recorded for various characters, one month old seedlings both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The seedling characters exhibited greater variation with the imposition of stress under in vitro (-0.3 MPa –0.6 MPa and –0.9 MPa) and in vivo (25%, 50% and 75% stress level). The shoot length, number of leaves per plant, shoot growth and root growth (in terms of fresh weight and dry weight) were observed to decreased progressively as the stress level increased under in vitro (-0.3 MPa to -0.9 MPa) and in vivo (25% stress to 75% stress). The shoot growth was found to be more affected than the root growth under water stress. The root / shoot ratio in terms of fresh weight and dry weight increased with increasing levels of stress under in vitro and in vivo, with highest root/shoot ratio at –0.9 MPa and 75% stress levels. Among morphological parameters studied, shoot fresh weight recorded maximum reduction followed by shoot length both under in vitro and in vivo. The proline and reducing sugar content reached maximum at 75% stress level (in vivo) in the leaf tissue. SPAD chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index percentage, leaf water potential and transpiration rate decreased with increasing stress level when compared to control. Among the six sunflower genotypes tested, BRISF 73 recorded minimum reduction for shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry eight, root fresh weight and root dry weight and BRISF 23 recorded more number of leaves per plant even at higher stress levels of PEG induced water stress. Under in vivo, BRISF 73 recorded minimum reduction for plant height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, where as number of leaves, root fresh weight and root dry weight recorded minimum reduction in the genotype BRISF 23 even at higher stress levels from control. The inter relationship among morphological characters of the seedlings revealed significant positive correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies for various characters. SDS PAGE analysis of total proteins will provide additional support to the findings of in vitro and in vivo at molecular level. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that an in vitro approach could be useful in screening and selection of sunflower genotypes for their response to water stress prior to field trial. In vitro characters could provide clues for pot or field performance of sunflower genotypes grown under water stress conditions.ThesisItem Open Access MAPPING OF THE REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH IRON CONTENT IN RICE GRAINS(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD., 2008) DHNANJAYA SHUKLA; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIThe present study was conceptualized and executed involving the rice germplasm(87 genotypes) using SSR markers derived from the genomic regions associated with iron metabolism, and progeny tested F2 mapping population (92 individual plants) derived from the cross BPT 5204 and Chittimuthyalu. Genetic diversity of 87 rice varieties using microsatellite primers was studied using two markers viz., SC 120 and SC 123 (based on the yellow stripe like genes) for cluster analysis. No significant grouping based on the iron content in the grains could be obtained. Since the trait of iron accumulation in grains controlled by the many genes and the markers used in this study were of limited number, more markers preferably functional markers would elicit the genetic diversity of characterized germplasm. Out of the 45 microsatellite markers used for the parental polymorphism studies between BPT 5204 and Chittimuthyalu, 13 markers showed polymorphism and 14 markers showed monomorphism suggesting the diversity of the selected parents in addition to their high iron content in the grains. Out of the three markers analyzed in the present study, all the three markers found to be associated with iron content in the grains. The SC 103 marker is located on the chromosome 3 and the putative candidate gene sequence was found between 26114338 – 26248438 bp. The linkage distance between this marker and the gene Os Zinc transporter was calculated to be 45.6 cM. The SC 129 marker is located on the chromosome 3 based on microsatellite marker identified in the region of Os ZIP1 gene and putative candidate gene sequence was found between 16921118 – 17018159 bp. Linkage distance between this marker and the gene was calculated to be 56.7 cM. The reported chromosomal position of this gene in Nipponbare genome estimated in accordance to genetic markers assigned to the BAC/PAC clones (as shown by TIGR genetic map) was 83.3 cM. The SC 131 marker is located on the chromosome 6 based on microsatellite marker identified in the region of Os ZIP3 gene and the putative candidate gene sequence was found between 21853801 – 21986473 bp. Linkage distance between this marker and the gene Os ZIP 3 was calculated to be 48.9 cM. . The reported chromosomal position of this gene in Nipponbare genome estimated in accordance to genetic markers assigned to the BAC/PAC clones (as shown by TIGR genetic map) was 83.3 cM. All the markers studied in the mapping experiment have shown a clear association with the trait despite the less number of F2 sample analyzed. The mapping distances obtained from this study were closer than the distances mapped according to the genetic markers assigned to the BAC/PAC clones. Thus the mapping results strongly suggest the strategy of identification of microsatellite markers in the vicinity of candidate genes involved in the cat ion metabolism and their use in mapping to be very appropriate.ThesisItem Open Access MARKER BASED HETEROTIC POOLING OF DIVERSE ASIAN AND AFRICAN PEARL MILLET [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] POPULATIONS(PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2019) SUDARSHAN PATIL, K; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIA set of 45 diverse Asian and African populations of pearl millet were investigated for molecular and morphological genetic diversity. Multivariate analysis based on multi-location evaluation for grain yield and its component traits grouped these populations into five clusters. Most populations of Asian origin grouped into common cluster and separated from rest of the populations of African origin indicating the presence of correspondence between clustering pattern and geographical origin. Molecular diversity assessed using 29 SSRs detected 435 alleles (average of 15 alleles per locus) and grouped 45 pearl millet populations into seven different clusters. Clustering pattern, population structure analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed intermixing of African and Asian origin populations, whereas most of all the African origin and Asian bred populations were found grouped into common clusters. The correlation between genetic distance estimated through morphological traits and through SSRs was non-significant (r = -0.13). Fourteen parental populations representing seven marker based clusters were used to develop 91 population hybrids (in diallel fashion). These population hybrids were evaluated at three locations for grain yield and its component traits. The correlation between genetic distance (GD) between parental lines and heterosis for grain yield was negative and significant (r = -0.37, p < 0.001) indicating that prediction of hybrid performance based on GD may not be feasible. However, lesser negative correlation was found at lower GD (0.60-0.68) than in comparison of hybrids developed using parental populations with higher GD (0.78-0.86). Based on hybrids performance, heterosis and combining ability among marker group based crosses, two heterotic pools (PMPHP-1 and PMPHP-2) were identified having significant levels of heterosis (PMpH = 20% and PBpH = 6.8%). Populations of PMPHP-1 had linkages with African origin and Asian origin populations, whereas PMPHP-2 composed of exclusively African origin and Asian bred populations. Following the second approach of heterotic pool formation which is based on grain yield based combining ability patterns, 14 parental populations were grouped into three heterotic pools (PMPHP-A, PMPHP-B and PMPHP-C). Fertility restoration/maintainer frequency of 45 populations on three diverse CMS systems (A1, A4 and A5 cytoplasm) evaluated in two contrasting seasons (summer and rainy) revealed that fertility restoration frequency (%) was highest for A1 CMS (86%) followed by A4 CMS (37%) and least for A5 CMS (7%). Based on fertility restoration/maintainer frequency, heterotic pool PMPHP-1 populations with high grain yield and bold seeds were proposed to be utilized in maintainer lines (B-lines) and PMPHP-2 having populations with high fertility restoration ability were identified for restorer lines (R-lines) development programs, which can further be utilized to diversify the existing maintainers and restorer parents of different CMS systems.ThesisItem Open Access PARTICLE GUN MEDIATED DNA DELIVERY AND TRANSIENT EXPRESSION OF -GLUCURONIDASE (GUS) GENE IN NIGER (Guizotia Abysinica Cass.)(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2006) HEM RAJ BHANDARI; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIIn the present investigation, in vitro studies were carried out to determine the optimum hormonal combination, to identify the best explant and best genotype for callus induction and shoot regeneration. Transformation studies were carried out to determine the frequency of transient GUS expression. Callus was induced from all the explants and on all the media tested. Roots recorded highest frequency of callus induction but, failed to regenerate shoots. Hypocotyls, cotyledons and primary leaves were not significantly different for callus induction. The medium with 2.0 mg/l TDZ and 0.2 mg/l NAA was found to be superior over all other combinations tested. Shoots were induced from all the explants, but cotyledonary explants recorded highest frequency of shoot induction followed by hypocotyl and primary leaf. The medium with 0.5 mg/l BA was best for shoot induction followed by medium with 0.5 mg/l TDZ. Genotypic differences were observed for both callus induction and shoot induction. CTP-local responded optimally for callus induction and JNC-6 for shoot induction. The medium with 0.5 mg/l TDZ and 0.2 mg/l NAA was best for callus induction while, the medium with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg/l NAA was best for shoot induction. Based on the results of transformation experiments, hypocotyl were found to respond well in terms of transient GUS expression followed by primary leaf and cotyledons. Among the varieties tested, Deomali has shown highest transformability. Thus, the present study suggested direct regeneration of transgenic plants from hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants and applicability of particle bombardment as an effective method of gene transfer.ThesisItem Open Access PHENOTYPIC AND MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION FOR COMBINING THE TRAITS; TOLERANCE TO LOW SOIL PHOSPHOROUS, RESISTANCE AGAINST BACTERIAL BLIGHT AND BLAST INTO THE ELITE RICE VARIETY, MTU1010(PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2018) LAXMI PRASANNA, B; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIBacterial blight and blast diseases limit rice production in many rice growing areas significantly. Breeding for tolerance to both the major diseases of rice is the economically feasible and environmentally friendly option for managing them. Due to the inherent nature of many rice growing soils in terms of fixing phosphorus (P) to nonavailable form and due to increasing cost of phosphatic fertilizers, a significant proportion of rice growing soils have limiting levels of P and hence are poor in productivity. Breeding for tolerance to low soil phosphorous assumes great significance in such soils. MTU1010 (also known as Cotton Dora Sannalu) is a mega variety of rice grown in many parts of India including Telangana. MTU1010 is highly susceptible to bacterial blight and blast diseases and does not have tolerance to low soil P conditions. Keeping in view these points, the present study entitled “Phenotypic and marker assisted selection for combining the traits; tolerance to low soil phosphorous, resistance a gainst bacterial blight and blast into the elite rice variety, MTU 1010” was carried out with an objective to combine the major QTL associated with tolerance to low soil phosphorus (P) and the major bacterial blight and blast resistance genes, Xa21 and Pi54, xiii respectively into the genetic background of MTU1010 through marker-assisted breeding coupled with phenotype-based selection for agromorphological traits specific for MTU1010. An improved breeding line (i.e. NIL) of MTU1010 (RP5973-20-9-8-24-12-7), possessing tolerance against low soil P conferred by Pup1 (developed by ICAR-IIRR (Anila et al., 2014)) was used as the female parent for improving low soil P tolerance and a breeding line of the high-yielding rice variety, Akshayadhan named RP6132, possessing the major, broad spectrum resistance genes against bacterial blight (i.e. Xa21) and blast (i.e. Pi54) was used as the male parent in the present study. In order to combine the three traits mentioned above, a cross was carried out between NIL of MTU1010 (RP5973-20-9-8-24-12-7) and NIL of Akshayadhan (RP6132) during kharif 2016. At each generation, the resultant F1, F2 and F3 obtained were screened through foreground selection for confirmation of presence of target trait specific genes/QTL, viz., for low P tolerance (Pup1), bacterial blight resistance (Xa21) and blast resistance (Pi54). Foreground selection was carried out with co-dominant CAPS marker, K20-2 for identifying the presence of Pup1, gene specific co-dominant markers viz., pTA248 and Pi54-MAS for checking the presence of Xa21and Pi54 respectively. In F1 generation, 76 plants heterozygous for all the three target traits were identified through analysis with the marker(s) specific for the target gene and they were then forwarded to F2 generation by selfing. In F2 generation, 15 plants homozygous for the three target traits were identified based on foreground selection using the codominant markers mentioned above. The 15 homozygous F2 plants (possessing Xa21, Pi54 and Pup1) were selfed to F3 generation and the F3 lines were screened for their resistance against bacterial blight in the field, blast in uniform blast nursery and low soil P tolerance in low P plot. Analysis of variance among the F3 lines in the present study, revealed the presence of significant difference between the parents and breeding lines for days to fifty percent flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers, panicle length, root length, root volume, dry root weight, thousand grain weight, grain yield per plant, P content in shoots and roots under low soil P condition, but significant difference was not found for dry shoot weight. Stress indices like stress tolerance index, tolerance index, yield reduction ratio, yield index, stress susceptibility index, yield stability index and percent yield reductions were worked out based on the yield under normal condition and yield under low soil P condition. Breeding lines with Pup1 possessed high YI value than xiv RP6132. In particular, the breeding line LPK 49-1-21 (possessing Pup1, Xa21 &Pi54) were observed to have lower percent of yield reduction under low soil P condition followed by the other breeding lines possessing Pup1, All the 15 F3 lines were also observed to be resistant to bacterial blight and blast through phenotypic screening and possessed grain yields and grain quality equivalent to or better than the MTU1010 NIL. Two breeding lines viz., LPK 30-18-16 and LPK 49- 15-22 respectively, exhibited good performance with high level of resistance to all the three stresses viz., BB, blast and low soil P and possessed high yield under both normal soil P and low soil P with highly desirable long slender grain type like MTU1010. The results obtained in the preent study indicate the success of the strategy of combining marker-assisted breeding with phenotypic selection and the two lines mentioned above are expected to perform well in areas prone to the two diseases and also in problematic soils with low soil phosphorous levels. Cultivation of the biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerant breeding lines developed in this study would be of great advantage in BB and blast endemic areas and also in low P affected rice growing areas, particularly upland conditions in the country and can be helpful to expand the area under MTU1010.ThesisItem Open Access QTL DISCOVERY AND MAPPING HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE FOR DOWNY MILDEW PATHOGEN IN PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)(ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY. RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2014) SARITHA, ANISHETTI; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIThe present study was undertaken at ICRISAT-Patancheru to construct a skeleton genetic linkage map for a pearl millet mapping population of 295 RILs of cross, 81B-P13 and AIMP 92901-deriv-P03, to identify and map QTLs controlling downy mildew resistance (DMR) for new virulent downy mildew isolates from Gujarat, Rajasthan and Haryana. Pearl millet downy mildew, caused by Sclerospora graminicola, is the most devastating disease of pearl millet causing huge grain and straw production losses in India. The allogamous and highly variable natures of both the host and pathogen are great hindrances to breeding for host plant resistance to this disease. Effective and economic control of this disease can be achieved by growing disease resistant varieties and hybrids. In order to develop disease resistant cultivars, it is important to have DMR QTLs mapped. The available 20 pairs of mapping population parental lines were screened along with control entries 7042(S), 843B, 843-22B, ICMP 451 and IP 18292 against three isolates of DM pathogen population from Gujarat (Sg445), Haryana (Sg519) and Rajasthan (Sg526). 81B-P13 × AIMP 92901-S1-15-1-2-B-P03 RIL mapping population was selected for mapping of DMR QTLs on basis of high contrast for downy mildew resistance and susceptibility. Mapping population of 295 RILs were used to isolate nuclear DNA that was genotyped for 80 polymorphic SSR, EST-SSR and STS marker loci. About 34% of polymorphic marker loci showed Mendelian segregation ratio of 1:1, while 66% of polymorphic marker loci showed segregation distortion. A skeleton linkage map of seven linkage groups with a total map length of 536.8cM (Haldane units) was constructed using data from 39 marker loci for 295 RILs using MapMaker/Exp version 3.0b at LOD threshold value of 3.0 and map was drawn using Map Chart 2.2. Among all the linkage groups of the present study, linkage group1 has the highest map length (146.6cM) followed by linkage group 2 (98.3cM). The linkage group 3 (6.6cM) has been recorded as the shortest among all seven linkage pearl millet groups in this study. For QTL mapping, Composite interval mapping as implemented in QTL Cartographer version 2.5 at threshold likelihood ratio of 3.0 for declaration of QTL significance was employed. A total of four different major isolate specific resistant QTLs were identified from three screens of the F7 RIL mapping population against pathogen populations from India. Two QTLs were identified on Linkage Group1 (LG1) against Sg445 and Sg526, one QTL on LG3 against Sg445 and another QTL on LG4 against Sg519. The inheritance of these QTLs showed AIMP 92901-deriv-P03 providing the resistance alleles. The highest LOD score for the QTL identified on LG4 was 41.0 with largest amount of observed phenotypic variation was contributed by the QTL on LG4 was 75.59. At least one DMR QTL was detected and mapped for each of the three DM isolates. After validation, marker-assisted selection (MAS) can now be used for improving DMR of elite pearl millet hybrid parental lines using polymorphic flanking markers from donor parent AIMP 92901-deriv-P03.ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON GENETIC PARAMETERS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) HYBRIDS UNDER AEROBIC SITUATIONS”(PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2018) AMBATI SRIJAN; KULDEEP SINGH DANGIThe present investigation entitled “Studies on genetic parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids under aerobic situations” was undertaken to identify diverse restorer lines and to study the combining ability, heterosis, stability, correlation, direct and indirect effects of experimental rice hybrids for grain yield and its components. During kharif, 2015 fifty two parental lines collected from different sources were evaluated for genetic diversity at Research Farm, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Based on Mahalanobis D2 analysis these 52 germplasm lines were grouped into 6 clusters. The pattern of distribution of genotypes into various clusters revealed that there was no relationship between geographical origin and diversity. Three CMS lines and ten testers were selected for hybridization based on genetic divergence studies to produce high heterotic crosses. Simultaneously, molecular study was taken up to identify parental lines with Rf3 and Rf4 genes using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers i.e. DRRM Rf3-10 and RM 6100. Based on molecular marker analysis 27 lines were identified with either of Rf3 and/or Rf4 genes. Further, one CMS line (IR-79156A) with WA source, was crossed to 27 parental lines (Rf4 and/or Rf3) and developed 27 test crosses. During Kharif, 2016 27 parental lines were further evaluated in test cross nursery for identification of good restorer lines by conventional approach. Out of 27 test crosses studied, 10 genotypes were found to have effective restorability (spikelet fertility >75%) and 10 genotypes expressed partial fertility (50 to 75% spikelet fertility). These 10 best restorers were selected for further study. In the second experiment, three CMS lines were crossed with the 10 best restorers in Line × Tester design during Rabi, 2016-17. The resultant 30 hybrids along with their parents and checks (CR-Dhan 201 and GK 5022) were evaluated for their combining ability, heterosis and stability at three representative locations of Telangana State viz., Rajendranagar, Warangal and Kampasagar during Kharif, 2017. The pooled analysis of variance for combining ability revealed significant differences due to environments, parents and hybrids indicating the existence of sufficient variation in the material studied. The ratio of gca to sca variances revealed that non-additive gene action was predominant in governing the characters studied. Combining ability analysis revealed that the the lines, APMS-6B and among the testers, ATR- 186, ATR-372, ATR-375, KS-24 and HRSV-7 were identified as promising ones based on their gca effects for grain yield per plant and other important yield contributing characters. Based on significant sca effects, 12 hybrids were identified as promising hybrids for grain yield per plant and other yield contributing characters. Based on per se performance, sca effects and heterosis for yield and its attributes in pooled analysis, three cross combinations viz., APMS-6A × HRSV – 7, APMS-6A × KS – 24 and IR-79156A × ATR – 372 proved to be superior for grain yield and yield attributes. Results of pooled analysis of variance for stability (Eberhart and Russell, 1966) revealed significant differences among the genotypes and locations for all the traits studied. The genotype × environment interactions were significant for majority of characters (except panicle length, productive tillers per plant, 1000- grain weight and harvest index per cent), implying differential behavior of genotypes under three locations for these characters. The estimates of environmental indices indicated that Kampasagar was best favourable location for majority of characters including grain yield per plant. Based on stability analysis, two hybrids viz., IR-79156A × ATR – 372 and APMS-6A × HRSV – 7 are appeared to be stable for grain yield per plant and other traits. The study of phenotypic correlation studies showed that selection of plants with more number of filled grains per panicle, higher spikelet fertility %, more number of productive tillers per plant, more biomass per plant, productivity per day, harvest index % and days to 50 per cent flowering would result in improvement of yield. Path analysis revealed that number of productivity/ day, days to 50 per cent flowering, harvest index (%), biomass per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, panicle length and 1000 grain weight are the most important characters which could be used as selection criteria for effective improvement of grain yield. It was concluded from the study that the hybrids, APMS-6A × HRSV – 7 and IR-79156A × ATR – 372, were categorized as stable hybrids with desirable sca effects, heterosis (ranging from 7% to 13%) over best check GK 5022 and per se performance for grain yield and other important characters. Hence, further testing of these hybrids is suggested before commercialization. In addition seed production procedure need to be standardized.