Browsing by Author "KISHORE, P.V.S."
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ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC Vs. SURGICAL APPROACHES FOR ADDRESSING OBESITY IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) MOUNIKA, A; DEVI PRASAD, V (MAJOR); SREENU, M; KISHORE, P.V.S.The present study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, the BMI and BCS were recorded for six locally available breeds and various disorders associated with overweight or obesity were noted. In the second phase, the obesity was addressed by diet restriction coupled with physical exercise (group I), medical therapy using orlistat (group II) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy under general anaesthesia (group III). Out of 2,332 dogs, 732 (31.39%) dogs were obese. Prevalence of obesity was higher in neutered, middle aged and prosperous owners. The order of breed vise susceptibility was Spitz, Labrador Retriever, Pug, Mixed breed, German Shepherd and Golden Retriever. Deposition of fat was found concentrated subcutaneously when compared to other places. Out of 732 obese dogs, 141(19.26%) orthopaedic, 171 (23.36%) cardiovascular, 175 (23.90%) respiratory, 16 (2.18%) endocrinological, 62 (8.46%) with ear, 43 (5.87%) reproductive system, 14 (1.94%) neoplastic, 17 (2.32%) spine 55 (7.52%) skin related and 38 (5.19%) miscellaneous problems. In group I, the weight loss was not satisfactory due to poor owner compliance. In group II, a weight loss of 5.88% was which was followed by reinduction of weight after withdrawal of the drug. In group III, a weight loss of 13.49% with improved BCS was observed. Except a non-significant leucocytosis in group III, no significant hematological alterations were recorded. Serum biochemical parameters like, serum creatinine, BUN, glucose, total protein cholesterol, and cortisol were found elevated in obese dogs. In group III, the glucose and cholesterol levels declined indicating the efficacy of the technique. The values of MDA, catalase and nitric oxide were higher than the reference ranges in all the three groups; while the reduced glutathione levels were lesser than the reference ranges in all the dogs. The levels of MDA, catalase and nitric oxide were found to decrease in group-II, while in group-III the decline was observed between two and six months. The GSH values in group-III were found to decline postoperatively up to two months and restored to normal levels thereafter. The reactive oxygen species were estimated to be less in group III further supporting the efficacy of the technique. Based on the results and analysis of above parameters it can be concluded that, the restricted feed intake and exercise can be suggested to those clients who have commitment for reaching the targeted weight loss. The orlistat can be recommended only as an intial adjunct either to restricted feeding and physical exercise as it cannot bring out persistent weight loss on its own. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy can be judged as the best modality in obese dogs with anticipatory results.ThesisItem Open Access CONTRAST ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF ABDOMEN IN DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) SAIDAIAH, M; SREENU, MAKKENA (MAJOR); DEVI PRASAD, V; KISHORE, P.V.S.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the normal and diseased organ perfusion by contrast enhanced ultrasound scanning (CEUS) in different abdominal organs of dogs. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography was conducted to compare the vascular and parenchymal perfusion using materials like SonoVue® and Definity® and compared with features plain, contrast radiography and ultrasonography . The present study was conducted on dogs with different abdominal disorders and signalment. A total of 210 cases of abdominal disorders were presented with different clinical signs and subjected to different diagnostic procedures. Among the diagnostic procedures, the radiography, ultrasonography and contrast radiography were considered as a diagnostic tools to study the abdominal disorders of different breeds and different organs. The cases with obscured lesion, even after using of all diagnostic aids, were randomly selected and subjected to contrast enhanced ultrasonography. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography of the liver, spleen, kidney and prostate gland was performed to characterize the perfusion of normal organs. To validate the quantification method, perfusion parameters (AT, TTPi, TTPa, DT and WOTi) were investigated using CEUS. The biological effects of CEUS on different organs were estimated by measuring and analyzing hematological and serum biochemical parameters to study the toxic effects of ultrasound contrast agents, if any. No changes were noted in the serum biochemistry profile after CEUS, with the exception of a small difference serum biochemistry which had no clinical importance. Finally, the role of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in disease diagnosis of different organs was investigated and confirmed by histopathological studies. In conclusion, the results suggest that CEUS can be used also in veterinary patients as an additional diagnostics aid. The perfusion patterns found in the imaged organs were typical and similar to those seen earlier. Differences in the perfusion between organs corresponded with physiology in normal and disease condition. The results indicate that CEUS can be used safely to analyse organ perfusion in dogs.