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ThesisItem Open Access BIOEFFICACY, DISSIPATION AND DECONTAMINATION STUDIES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN OKRA(Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, 2020) VENKATESH, T; KAVITHA, KThe study entitled “Bio efficacy, dissipation and decontamination studies of selected pesticides in okra” was conducted during kharif 2016-17. The field studies on the efficacy of seven insecticides viz., lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g a.i ha-1, oxymatrine 0.5 % EC @ 1500 ppm, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1, spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 120 g a.i ha-1, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g a.i ha-1, spirotetramat 150 OD @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 and thiacloprid 21.7% SC @ 180 g a.i ha-1 were evaluated against major insect pests of okra viz., Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Earias vitella Fabricius at Student’s farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Whereas, studies on dissipation pattern and decontamination methods of three effective insecticides viz., emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g a.i ha-1, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g a.i ha-1 and spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 120 g a.i ha-1 were carried out at All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2016-17. Among different insecticides evaluated against leafhoppers, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 was found to be most effective recording least mean number of hoppers of 1.75 and 1.06/ 3 leaves/plant after first and second spray and was significantly superior over other treatments. The next effective treatments followed were thiacloprid 21.7%SC @ 180 g a.i. ha-1, (2.05 and 1.27 leafhoppers/ 3 leaves/plant), lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (2.23 and 1.50 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant) and oxymatrine 0.5% EC @ 1500 ppm (2.89 and 2.20 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant) after ten days after first and second spray respectively. Of various insecticides evaluated against whiteflies, spiromesifen 22.9 % SC @ 120 g a.i. ha-1 was found to be most effective recording 1.64 and 1.17 mean number of whiteflies/3 leaves after first and second spray and was followed by thiacloprid 21.7% SC @ 180 g ai/ha, spirotetramat 150 OD @ 60 g ai/ha and thiamethoxam 25 WG at 50 g ai/ha with mean number of 1.77, 1.36; 1.92, 1.50 and 2.21, 1.70 whiteflies/3 leaves/ plant ten days after first and second spray respectively. Least shoot and fruit borer percent infestation in fruits on number basis ten days after first and second spray was recorded in emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha and lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g ai/ha (10.74, 8.52 and 14.08, 10.05) followed by oxymatrine 0.5% EC @ 1500 ppm (17.29, 17.53%) and thiacloprid 21.7 % SC @ 180 g ai/ha (20.22, 20.30%) respectively. Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha and lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g ai/ha found to be most effective in recording lowest fruit borer infestation per cent on weight basis (9.30, 8.61% and 12.70, 9.97%) followed by oxymatrine 0.5% EC @ 1500 ppm (18.90, 25.05%) and thiacloprid 21.7 % SC @180 g ai/ha (23.40, 29.53%) with lowest fruit borer infestation per cent on weight basis ten days after first and second spray respectively. Highest okra fruit yield was recorded from emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha treated plot (940.54 q/ha) followed by lambda cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 15 g ai/ha (770.24 q/ha). The highest net profit in rupees per hectare was achieved from the treatment emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha (12, 272.3) followed by lambda cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 5 g ai/ha (10, 073.3) but the highest incremental cost benefit ratio was obtained in the treatment lambda cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 15 g ai/ha (1:4.34) followed by emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha (1:2.35). Initial deposits of emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g ai/ha and spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 120 g ai/ha in okra fruits after two sprays were 1.804, 0.263 and 0.180 mg/kg respectively which dissipated to less than limit of quantitation of 0.05 mg/kg at 15, 10 and 5 days respectively with half life’s and waiting periods of 2.48 and 6.03 days for emamectin benzoate; 1.206 and 8.5 days for thiamethoxam and 2.478 and 6.027 days for spiromesifen respectively. With regard to effective decontamination method, for removal of the selective insecticides was recorded from the treatment, cooking in pressure cooker for 10 min ranged between 96.02 to 98.08 per cent while least effective decontamination was 4% acetic acid for emamectin benzoate and spiromesifen (68.79% and 10.66%) whereas for thiamethoxam tap water wash found to be least effective (22.79%).ThesisItem Open Access BIOEFFICACY, DISSIPATION AND DECONTAMINATION STUDIES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN OKRA(PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2019) VENKATESH, T; KAVITHA, KThe study entitled “Bio efficacy, dissipation and decontamination studies of selected pesticides in okra” was conducted during kharif 2016-17. The field studies on the efficacy of seven insecticides viz., lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g a.i ha-1, oxymatrine 0.5 % EC @ 1500 ppm, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 , spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 120 g a.i ha-1 , emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g a.i ha -1 , spirotetramat 150 OD @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 and thiacloprid 21.7% SC @ 180 g a.i ha-1 were evaluated against major insect pests of okra viz., Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Earias vitella Fabricius at Student’s farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Whereas, studies on dissipation pattern and decontamination methods of three effective insecticides viz., emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g a.i ha-1 , thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g a.i ha-1 and spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 120 g a.i ha-1 were carried out at All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2016-17. Among different insecticides evaluated against leafhoppers, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 was found to be most effective recording least mean number of hoppers of 1.75 and 1.06/ 3 leaves/plant after first and second spray and was significantly superior over other treatments. The next effective treatments followed were thiacloprid 21.7%SC @ 180 g a.i. ha-1 , (2.05 and 1.27 leafhoppers/ 3 leaves/plant), lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (2.23 and 1.50 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant) and oxymatrine 0.5% EC @ 1500 ppm (2.89 and 2.20 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant) after ten days after first and second spray respectively. Of various insecticides evaluated against whiteflies, spiromesifen 22.9 % SC @ 120 g a.i. ha-1 was found to be most effective recording 1.64 and 1.17 mean number of whiteflies/3 leaves after first and second spray and was followed by thiacloprid 21.7% SC @ 180 g ai/ha, spirotetramat 150 OD @ 60 g ai/ha and thiamethoxam 25 WG at 50 g ai/ha with mean number of 1.77, 1.36; 1.92, 1.50 and 2.21, 1.70 whiteflies/3 leaves/ plant ten days after first and second spray respectively. Least shoot and fruit borer percent infestation in fruits on number basis ten days after first and second spray was recorded in emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha and lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g ai/ha (10.74, 8.52 and 14.08, 10.05) followed by oxymatrine 0.5% EC @ 1500 ppm (17.29, 17.53%) and thiacloprid 21.7 % SC @ 180 g ai/ha (20.22, 20.30%) respectively. Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha and lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g ai/ha found to be most effective in recording lowest fruit borer infestation per cent on weight basis (9.30, 8.61% and 12.70, 9.97%) followed by oxymatrine 0.5% EC @ 1500 ppm (18.90, 25.05%) and thiacloprid 21.7 % SC @180 g ai/ha (23.40, 29.53%) with lowest fruit borer infestation per cent on weight basis ten days after first and second spray respectively. Highest okra fruit yield was recorded from emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha treated plot (940.54 q/ha) followed by lambda cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 15 g ai/ha (770.24 q/ha). The highest net profit in rupees per hectare was achieved from the treatment emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha (12, 272.3) followed by lambda cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 5 g ai/ha (10, 073.3) but the highest incremental cost benefit ratio was obtained in the treatment lambda cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 15 g ai/ha (1:4.34) followed by emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha (1:2.35). Initial deposits of emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g ai/ha and spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 120 g ai/ha in okra fruits after two sprays were 1.804, 0.263 and 0.180 mg/kg respectively which dissipated to less than limit of quantitation of 0.05 mg/kg at 15, 10 and 5 days respectively with half life’s and waiting periods of 2.48 and 6.03 days for emamectin benzoate; 1.206 and 8.5 days for thiamethoxam and 2.478 and 6.027 days for spiromesifen respectively. With regard to effective decontamination method, for removal of the selective insecticides was recorded from the treatment, cooking in pressure cooker for 10 min ranged between 96.02 to 98.08 per cent while least effective decontamination was 4% acetic acid for emamectin benzoate and spiromesifen (68.79% and 10.66%) whereas for thiamethoxam tap water wash found to be least effective (22.79%).ThesisItem Open Access “BIOEFFICACY, DISSIPATION AND DECONTAMINATION STUDIES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN OKRA.”(Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, 2019) VENKATESH, T; KAVITHA, KThe study entitled “Bio efficacy, dissipation and decontamination studies of selected pesticides in okra” was conducted during kharif 2016-17. The field studies on the efficacy of seven insecticides viz., lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g a.i ha-1, oxymatrine 0.5 % EC @ 1500 ppm, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1, spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 120 g a.i ha-1, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g a.i ha-1, spirotetramat 150 OD @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 and thiacloprid 21.7% SC @ 180 g a.i ha-1 were evaluated against major insect pests of okra viz., Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Earias vitella Fabricius at Student’s farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Whereas, studies on dissipation pattern and decontamination methods of three effective insecticides viz., emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g a.i ha-1, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g a.i ha-1 and spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 120 g a.i ha-1 were carried out at All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2016-17. Among different insecticides evaluated against leafhoppers, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 was found to be most effective recording least mean number of hoppers of 1.75 and 1.06/ 3 leaves/plant after first and second spray and was significantly superior over other treatments. The next effective treatments followed were thiacloprid 21.7%SC @ 180 g a.i. ha-1, (2.05 and 1.27 leafhoppers/ 3 leaves/plant), lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (2.23 and 1.50 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant) and oxymatrine 0.5% EC @ 1500 ppm (2.89 and 2.20 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant) after ten days after first and second spray respectively. Of various insecticides evaluated against whiteflies, spiromesifen 22.9 % SC @ 120 g a.i. ha-1 was found to be most effective recording 1.64 and 1.17 mean number of whiteflies/3 leaves after first and second spray and was followed by thiacloprid 21.7% SC @ 180 g ai/ha, spirotetramat 150 OD @ 60 g ai/ha and thiamethoxam 25 WG at 50 g ai/ha with mean number of 1.77, 1.36; 1.92, 1.50 and 2.21, 1.70 whiteflies/3 leaves/ plant ten days after first and second spray respectively. Least shoot and fruit borer percent infestation in fruits on number basis ten days after first and second spray was recorded in emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha and lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g ai/ha (10.74, 8.52 and 14.08, 10.05) followed by oxymatrine 0.5% EC @ 1500 ppm (17.29, 17.53%) and thiacloprid 21.7 % SC @ 180 g ai/ha (20.22, 20.30%) respectively. Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha and lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g ai/ha found to be most effective in recording lowest fruit borer infestation per cent on weight basis (9.30, 8.61% and 12.70, 9.97%) followed by oxymatrine 0.5% EC @ 1500 ppm (18.90, 25.05%) and thiacloprid 21.7 % SC @180 g ai/ha (23.40, 29.53%) with lowest fruit borer infestation per cent on weight basis ten days after first and second spray respectively. Highest okra fruit yield was recorded from emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha treated plot (940.54 q/ha) followed by lambda cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 15 g ai/ha (770.24 q/ha). The highest net profit in rupees per hectare was achieved from the treatment emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha (12, 272.3) followed by lambda cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 5 g ai/ha (10, 073.3) but the highest incremental cost benefit ratio was obtained in the treatment lambda cyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 15 g ai/ha (1:4.34) followed by emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha (1:2.35). Initial deposits of emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 12.5 g ai/ha, thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 50 g ai/ha and spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 120 g ai/ha in okra fruits after two sprays were 1.804, 0.263 and 0.180 mg/kg respectively which dissipated to less than limit of quantitation of 0.05 mg/kg at 15, 10 and 5 days respectively with half life’s and waiting periods of 2.48 and 6.03 days for emamectin benzoate; 1.206 and 8.5 days for thiamethoxam and 2.478 and 6.027 days for spiromesifen respectively. With regard to effective decontamination method, for removal of the selective insecticides was recorded from the treatment, cooking in pressure cooker for 10 min ranged between 96.02 to 98.08 per cent while least effective decontamination was 4% acetic acid for emamectin benzoate and spiromesifen (68.79% and 10.66%) whereas for thiamethoxam tap water wash found to be least effective (22.79%).ThesisItem Open Access BIOEFFICACY, PERSISTENCE AND RISK MITIGATION STUDIES OF CERTAIN NEWER INSECTICIDES AGAINST BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER(PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2020) ANUSHA, R; KAVITHA, KThe study entitled “Bioefficacy, Persistence and Risk Mitigation Studies of Certain Newer Insecticides Against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)” was conducted during kharif 2019-20. The field studies on the efficacy of six insecticides viz., flubendiamide 240 SC + thiacloprid 240 SC @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 and 60 g a.i. ha-1 , flubendiamide 90 SC + deltamethrin 60 SC @ 22.5 g a.i. ha-1 and 15 g a.i. ha-1 , lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 , chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 , thiodicarb 75 % WP @ 750 g a.i. ha-1 and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1were evaluated against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis at College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Whereas, studies on dissipation pattern and decontamination methods of two effective insecticides viz.,chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 was carried out at laboratory of All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2019-20. Among different insecticides evaluated against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 was found to be most effective recording lowest mean per cent fruit infestation (13.85, 9.12 and 5.70) on number basis after first, second and third spray which was statistically superior over rest of the treatments followed by flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 (18.87, 14.26 and 9.42) and lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (26.88, 19.64 and 12.38) after first, second and third spray, respectively on number basis. Least per cent fruit infestation by shoot and fruit borer on weight basis after first, second and third spray was recorded with chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 (9.30, 7.83 and 6.98) followed by flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i.ha-1 (11.39, 10.41 and 9.42) and lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (14.25, 14.30 and 11.52), respectively during kharif 2019-20. Though highest brinjal fruit yield was recorded from chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 treated plot (242.33 q/ha) followed by flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i.ha-1 (221.86 q/ha), incremental cost benefit ratio was highest for lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (1: 15.06) followed by flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 (1:10.25). Initial deposits of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 in brinjal fruits after three sprays were 1.071 and 0.948 mg/kg, respectively which dissipated to less than limit of quantitation of 0.05 mg/kg at 10 days, respectively with half lives of 3.35 days for chlorantraniliprole and 3.16 days for flubendiamide, respectively. Cooking in pressure cooker for 10 min was the effective decontamination method for removal of 81.92 to 89.91 per cent residues of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 , while least effective decontamination method was treating brinjal fruits with 4 % acetic acid removed 14.10 and 51.56 per cent, of the residues.ThesisItem Open Access “BIOEFFICACY, PERSISTENCE AND RISK MITIGATION STUDIES OF CERTAIN NEWER INSECTICIDES AGAINST BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae).”(PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2020) ANUSHA, R; KAVITHA, KThe study entitled “Bioefficacy, Persistence and Risk Mitigation Studies of Certain Newer Insecticides Against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)” was conducted during kharif 2019-20. The field studies on the efficacy of six insecticides viz., flubendiamide 240 SC + thiacloprid 240 SC @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 and 60 g a.i. ha-1 , flubendiamide 90 SC + deltamethrin 60 SC @ 22.5 g a.i. ha-1 and 15 g a.i. ha-1 , lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 , chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 , thiodicarb 75 % WP @ 750 g a.i. ha-1 and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1were evaluated against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis at College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Whereas, studies on dissipation pattern and decontamination methods of two effective insecticides viz.,chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 was carried out at laboratory of All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif 2019-20. Among different insecticides evaluated against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 was found to be most effective recording lowest mean per cent fruit infestation (13.85, 9.12 and 5.70) on number basis after first, second and third spray which was statistically superior over rest of the treatments followed by flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 (18.87, 14.26 and 9.42) and lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (26.88, 19.64 and 12.38) after first, second and third spray, respectively on number basis. Least per cent fruit infestation by shoot and fruit borer on weight basis after first, second and third spray was recorded with chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 (9.30, 7.83 and 6.98) followed by flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i.ha-1 (11.39, 10.41 and 9.42) and lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (14.25, 14.30 and 11.52), respectively during kharif 2019-20. Though highest brinjal fruit yield was recorded from chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 treated plot (242.33 q/ha) followed by flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i.ha-1 (221.86 q/ha), incremental cost benefit ratio was highest for lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 15 g a.i. ha-1 (1: 15.06) followed by flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 (1:10.25). Initial deposits of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 in brinjal fruits after three sprays were 1.071 and 0.948 mg/kg, respectively which dissipated to less than limit of quantitation of 0.05 mg/kg at 10 days, respectively with half lives of 3.35 days for chlorantraniliprole and 3.16 days for flubendiamide, respectively. Cooking in pressure cooker for 10 min was the effective decontamination method for removal of 81.92 to 89.91 per cent residues of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 41.625 g a.i. ha-1 and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 , while least effective decontamination method was treating brinjal fruits with 4 % acetic acid removed 14.10 and 51.56 per cent, of the residues.ThesisItem Open Access EARLY DETECTION OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN DOGS(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2010) KAVITHA, KDogs are not our whole life, but they make our lives whole. Dogs have been domesticated for most of human history as popular pets all over the world and have thus endeared themselves to many over the years. Now a days pet dog is considered as a member of the family and has become a more valued animal than a just priced animalThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF CERTAIN SORGHUM CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE TO RICE WEEVIL, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) AND IDENTIFICATION OF ATTRIBUTES OF RESISTANCE(PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2019) MADHAVI, M; KAVITHA, KSorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is the most important cereal crop grown in India during both Kharif and Rabi seasons for multiple uses as food, feed, fodder and fuel crop. Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. is the most important insect pest infesting sorghum causing an annual loss of 25 – 40 per cent after six months of storage. Present study was conducted for evaluation of sorghum cultivars against rice weevil to identify resistant genotypes which could be used in longer storage conditions and also utilized for insect resistance breeding programmes. Forty seven sorghum genotypes representing hybrids (8), varieties (28), parental lines (3) and checks (8) were evaluated to identify least susceptible genotypes based on adult emergence, oviposition, mean development period, index of susceptibility, weight loss (per cent), germination (per cent) and biochemical attributes (protein, fat and starch). Based on mean adult emergence, the genotypes namely, N 13 (29.17), N 14 (38.67), 104 B (41.40), NJ 2647 (41.80) and CSV 13 (41.83) were found least susceptible. Considering the adult weevil population and oviposition, the genotypes, viz., N 13, N 14, 104 B, NJ 2647, CSV 13, CSH 15 R, C 43 and CSH 13 were found recording low susceptibility to S. oryzae. Among these genotypes, high protein (14.53 – 12.45 %), fat (3.88 – 3.52 %) and starch (71.85- 70.84 %) were observed in CSH 15R, CSH 13, CSH 25, CSV 13, CSV 18, N 13, N 14, NJ 2647, NTJ 4 and rabi female parental line 104 B recording low oviposition resulting in less weevil population showing the antibiosis mechanism. Rabi female parental line (104 B) has recorded minimum rice weevil population (41.40) with high protein (12.74 %), fat (3.67 %) and starch (71.85 %) contents the storage for a period of 90 days. Maximum mean development period of 48.91 days was observed in 104 B. Least index of susceptibility was recorded in N 13 (6.72) when compared to the genotype, CSH 24MF (19.74). Less weight loss due to weevil infestation was recorded in 104 B (1.07 %) and NJ 2647 (1.07 %). After 60 days of infestation maximum seed germination was observed in the genotype, CSH 13 (78.67 %). Maximum grain hardness was observed in sorghum genotype, NJ 2647 (6.44 kgf/mm2 ) with low weevil population showing antixenosis mechanism. Maximum test weight of 4.05 g was recorded in CSV 18 when compared to other genotypes. Length breadth ratio ranged from 1.06 (CSH 35) to 1.33 (N 13). The grain hardness was significantly negatively correlated with adult emergence (r = -0.468) where seed size played an important role in determining the pest infestation and adult emergence. The protein, fat and starch content in different sorghum genotypes was significantly negatively correlated with adult emergence and oviposition. From the present investigation, the sorghum genotypes, viz., N 13, N 14, 104 B, NJ 2647, CSH 13, CSH 15R, CSV 13, C 43 and NJ 2446 were found promising which could be utilized in rice weevil resistance breeding programme for further evaluation and also safely stored for longer durations.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF RICE GENOTYPES FOR GROWTH, DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND YIELD UNDER AEROBIC METHOD OF CULTIVATION(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2014) KAVITHA, K; RAJA RAJESWARI, VA field experiment entitled “Evaluation of rice genotypes for growth, drought tolerance and yield under aerobic method of cultivation” was conducted during kharif, 2013 at wet land farm, on sandy clay loam soils of Tirupati campus (Southern Agro-climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh) Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University. The study was laid out in randomized block design, replicated thrice with thirteen rice genotypes viz., MAS-946-1, MAS-26, MTU-1001, MTU-1006, NLR-3010, NLR-3168, NLR-3183, NLR-3217, NLR-33671, NLR-34242, NLR-34449, NLR-40024 and NLR-40059 to identify rice genotypes for drought tolerance with higher growth and physiological efficiency under aerobic method of cultivation. The morphological characters viz., plant height, dry matter production, leaf area and the growth rates viz., crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD) were recorded. Among the genotypes NLR 40059 found significantly superior over all other genotypes and followed by MTU 1001 and NLR 3183. CGR had significant and positive correlation with NAR. Similarly LAD had positive correlation with yield. The drought tolerance traits viz., specific leaf area (SLA), SPAD chlorophyll meter readings (SCMR), per cent relative membrane injury were found to be significantly high in NLR 40059 under aerobic condition. SLA recorded negative correlation with SCMR. Root parameters viz., root length , root spread, root dry weight were high in the variety NLR 40059 .Yield and yield components viz., number of productive tillers, panicle length, spikelet fertility, test weight, grain yield were found to be higher in NLR 40059 followed by MTU 1001. Maximum starch content and intermediate amylose content were found in NLR 40059. The genotypes NLR 40059 and MTU 1001 performed well under aerobic condition by expressing its supremacy with reference to growth parameters, root traits, drought tolerance traits, yield components and grain quality. The identified genotypes viz., NLR 40059 and MTU 1001 can be either recommended for aerobic cultivation based on their geographical adaptability or used as donor source in breeding programmes for developing specific varieties suitable for aerobic cultivation. NLR 3183 genotype expressed superior growth attributes drought tolerance except grain quality, so it can be used as donor source in breeding programmes to introgress drought tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access EXPERlMENTAL STUDIES ON ALLEVIATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INDUCED DELAYED NEUROTOXICKY (OPIDN) IN HENS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2007-05) KAVITHA, K; KALAKUMAR, B.D.P(MAJOR); SOMASEKHAR REDDY, K; REDDY, Y.N.ABSTRACT: Delayed neurotoxicity was induced with technical grade chlorpyrifos @ 350mg/kg body weight s/c (10 times the LDSo dose) in adult white leg horn hens aged 56 weeks old. The experiment consisted of alleviating Chlorpyrifos induced delayed neurotoxicity with vitamin E and phenytoin. Earlier workers proposed oxidative stress to be involved in acute and sub acute OP toxicity. The objective was to see if oxidative damage is involved in OPIDN and its subsequent alleviation through antioxidants. A total of 4 groups with 18 birds in each were taken .Group I served as healthy control , Group 11, Ill and IV were administered CPS @ 350mglkg body weight subcutaneously ( 10 times the LD50 dose) in divided doses over a period of 24 hrs to prevent death due to acute cholinergic toxicity. Atropine and 2-PAM were administered sparingly in birds exhibiting acute illness. In group Ill, vitamin E was administered Q 50mglkg p.o 10 days prior to administration of CPS and in group IV phenytoin Q 50mg /kg p.o was administered for 4 days prior to CPS. Sampling was done on 3rd,7 ", 10a~nd 14" days of the experiment. Clinical signs of OPIDN were observed and noted. AChE activity in distal spinal cord and total albumin in serum served as biomarkers of exposure. Total calcium of sciatic nerve was estimated since ca2+ is implicated in generation of ROS and in phosphorylation of proteins. TBARS were estimated to assess lipid peroxidation. Endogenous antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px and GSH-R were assayed to assess the role of vitamin E and phenytoin in blocking the oxidative damage due to OPIDN. CPS produced signs of OPIDN albeit reversible on 10th day .There was a decline in AChE activity and serum albumin. Oxidative stress with CPS was manifested in terms of fall in the levels of GSH and inhibition of GSH-Px and GSH-R enzymes and a rise in TBARS levels SOD and CAT. On the contrary, all the above parameters were significantly reversed with prior administration of vitamin E. Nevertheless, phenytoin could not afford any protection to the birds. Hence, it is concluded that oxidative stress could be one of the mechanisms of OPIDN and antioxidants might provide a viable therapeutic regimen for alleviation of OPIDN at supra LD50 doses, a common phenomenon in suicidal cases.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMPORTANT PESTS OF MANGO(ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2004) KAVITHA, K; VIJAYA LAKSHMI, KStudies on the seasonal incidence of important pests of mango viz., mango leaf webber, Orthaga euadrusalis Walker, mango hopper Amritodus atkinsoni Lethierry, mango fruit borer Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee and varietal preference studies of mango leaf webber O. euadrusalis were carried out at Fruit Research Station, Sangareddy during June, 2003 to June, 2004. The leaf webber, O. euadrusalis incidence was first noticed during 30th standard week (IInd fortnight of July) and its peak activity was observed during 50th standard week (1st fortnight of December). Among the significant weather parameters, mean minimum temperature alone accounted for 62% of total effect on the webber incidence. Amritodus atkinsoni incidence was observed on the trunk region during 30th standard week (IInd fortnight of July) and reached to peak by 42nd standard week (IInd fortnight of October). There was no hopper incidence on panicles and young flush during the study period. Among the significant weather parameters, maximum temperature alone contributed 72% effect, on hopper incidence. The fruit borer incidence was low during the period of study and the peak incidence never reached more than six percent and it did not show significant correlation with any of the weather parameters. The species composition of mango hoppers on Dashehari variety revealed that Amritodus atkinsoni was the dominant species on trunk at vegetative stage and Idioscopus niveosparsus was the major species occurring on panicles and new flush. The occurrence of Idioscopus scutellatus on panicles and new flush was observed for the first time in Andhra Pradesh. Screening of twelve mango cultivars under field conditions against mango leaf webber showed that, six of the seven varieties viz., Banganpalli, Yerra mulgoa, Chinnarasam, Dashehari, Himayath, Suvarnarekha and four of the five hybrids viz., Manjeera, Neeleshan, Amrapali, Ratna were moderately resistant. Peddarasam variety and Mallika hybrid were found to be highly susceptible. Though phenols, nitrogen and potassium showed significant correlations with webber incidence, phenols alone contributed 60 and 65% of resistance to varieties and hybrids respectively. Biology and morphometric studies of O. euadrusalis under laboratory conditions (25 2C temperature 80 5%C) indicated that the average fecundity of female moth was 58 eggs with 6.8 0.91 days incubation period. The mean duration of larval, prepupal and pupal periods were 40-44, 6.3 0.67 and 19.3 0.76 days respectively. The female moths lived for longer time (7.6 0.51 days) compared to male moth (5.3 0.48 days). Total lifecycle was completed in 80 to 84 days.