Browsing by Author "Justin William, B"
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ArticleItem Open Access Analgesic and adjunct actions of nalbuphine hydrochloride in xylazine or xylazine and acepromazine premedicated horses(2015-10) Kulkarni, Harish; Justin William, B; George, Ravi Sundar , et al.; TANUVASThe study was conducted in eighteen clinical cases of horses for diagnostic and surgical procedures requiring general anaesthesia were randomly divided into three groups, group I, group II and group III, each consisting of six cases. All the horses were premedicated with glycopyrrolate at the dose rate of 0.02 mg/kg body weight, intravenously. Horses in Group I and Group II were administered xylazine hydrochloride at the dose rate of 1.10 mg/kg body weight intravenously, whereas in Group III at the dose rate of 0.50 mg/kg body weight intravenously. In Group III, acepromazine was injected after xylazine administration, at the dose rate of 0.02mg/kg body weight, intravenously. Before induction of anaesthesia, nalbuphine hydrochloride was administered for Group II and Group III at the dose rate of 0.75 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Ketamine hydrochloride was administered intravenously to induce anaesthesia at the dose rate of 2.20 mg/kg body weight and maintained with 0.50 mg/kg body weight in required cases to maintain for duration of 15 ± 1.04 minutes. The mean time for induction in group I, group II and group III were 1.78 ± 0.27, 1.73 ± 0.10 and 1.85 ± 0.28 minutes respectively. The mean total number of additional doses of ketamine for standard duration of 15 ± 1.04 minutes surgery required in group I, group II and group III were 5.00 ± 0.36, 1.66 ± 0.33 and 2.00 ± 0.36 respectively. The quality of induction was 100 per cent smooth in group III, 83.33 per cent smooth and 16.67 per cent rough in group II and 66.66 per cent smooth and 33.34 per cent rough in group I. The quality of analgesia in group I, group II and group III were 2.83 ± 0.47, 1.83 ± 0.30 and 1.33 ± 0.21 respectively. The quality of muscle relaxation in group I, group II and group III were 3.16 ± 0.30, 1.50 ± 0.22 and 1.33 ± 0.21 respectively. The mean time for recovery in group I, group II and group III were 23.00 ± 1.52, 33.00 ± 0.93 and 41.98 ± 1.32 minutes respectively. The mean number of attempts for unassisted standing in group I, group II and group III were 6.66 ± 0.71, 5.00 ± 0.57 and 5.00 ± 0.36 respectively. The quality of recovery was 83.33 per cent smooth and 16.67 per cent rough in group III, 66.66 per cent smooth and 33.34 per cent rough in group II and 50.00 per cent smooth and 50.00 per cent rough in group I. None of the animals in any groups showed any intra and post operative complication.ArticleItem Open Access Cardiopulmonary and haematobiochemical alterations during ketamine or propofol anaesthesia in acepromazine-xylazine premedicated horses(2011-06) Sankar, P; Justin William, B; Rao, GD; Prathaban, S; Suresh Kumar, R; Leela, V; TANUVASTwelve clinical cases of horses were randomly divided into group I and group II consisting of six each. Xylazine (0.50 mg/kg b.wt) and acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg) were administered i.v. as pre-anaesthetics in both groups. Ketamine 2.20 mg/kg b.wt and 0.05 mg/kg/min was used i.v. for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in group I. Propofol 2.0 mg/kg b.wt and 0.15 mg/kg/min was used i.v. for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in group II. Cardiopulmonary and haematobiochemical parameters were recorded before sedation, after sedation, after induction and maintenance of anaesthesia and after recovery. The heart rate was significantly higher in group I, and the mean central venous pressure was significantly higher in group II. Hyperglycemia and hypoproteinemia were more with ketamine than propofol. Considering the cost and the volume required based on the cardiopulmonary and haematobiochemical parameters, it could be concluded that ketamine being cost effective could be used as induction and maintenance agent in anaesthetic procedures requiring short duration of anaesthesia, whereas propofol could be used in anaesthetic procedures requiring longer duration in field ambulatory equine practice.ArticleItem Open Access Congenital lateral patellar luxation in two calves(2006-12) Justin William, B; Jayaprakash, R; Ramanujam, K; Halder, S, et al.; TANUVASCongenital patellar luxation has sporadically been reported in foals (Kobulk, 1993), goats (Baron, 1987) and calves (Weaver and Campbell, 1972; Leitch and Kotlikoff, 1980). This paper describes lateral luxation of the patella due to hypoplastic trochlear ridge in two calves.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Moldey Ion Rhodamine B on Viability of Adipose and Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells - An In-vitro Study(2018-08) Gnanadevi, R; Ramesh, Geetha; Kannan, TA; Justin William, B; TANUVASThe study was performed to access the effect of Moldey ion Rhodamine B on In-vitro labelled bone marrow and adipose derived derived stem cells in sheep. Perirenal adipose tissue and bone marrow from femur were collected from 28 male sheep. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from perirenal fat using enzymatic digestion method by using type II collagenase. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were separated from femur by density gradient centrifugation method using percoll. These mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue were cultured and expanded using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium with 10 per-cent of fetal bovine serum, one per-cent of antibioticantimycotic solution. Adipose and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from passage 4 to passage 6 were used for labelling with medium containing 25 μg of MIRB per ml. Cell viability was evaluated by Trypan blue exclusion test in both labelled and control (unlabelled) groups. There was no significant difference in the viability of bone marrow and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells between the labelled and control groups. It was observed that in-vitro labelling of mesenchymal stem cells with MIRB at a concentration of 25 μg per ml of medium did not affect cell proliferation and viability.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Stress Induced by Anesthesia and Surgery on Peripheral Blood Mobilization of Stem Cells in Horses(2018) Gutti, Jishnu Rao; Justin William, B; George, Ravi Sundar; Kannan, TA, et al.; TANUVASObjective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of stress induced by general anesthesia and surgery on the peripheral mobilization of stem cells in horses. Methods: The study was conducted in 12 horses that reported for elective surgical procedures warranting general anesthesia and were randomly divided into group I and group II each consisting of 6 horses. The study included evaluation of plasma cortisol level, stress leukogram and mobilization of peripheral blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)/progenitor cells. Group I horses were pre-medicated with a butorphanoldexmedetomidine- acepromazine combination and further induced and maintained with ketamine-midazolam. Group II horses were pre-medicated with butorphanol-xylazine and induced and maintained with ketamine alone. Results: The change in the pattern of the differential count in terms of stress leukogram was marked when the horses were induced and maintained with ketamine. The mean percentage of CD34 positive cells in pre-anesthesia, during anesthesia and post-anesthesia were 0.13 ± 0.00, 0.31 ± 0.02 and 0.64 ± 0.03 in group I and in group II, 0.12 ± 0.00, 0.30 ± 0.01 and 0.70 ± 0.03 respectively. Similarly, the mean percentage of CD105 positive cells in preanesthesia, during anesthesia and post-anesthesia were 0.01 ± 0.00, 0.01 ± 0.00 and 0.02 ± 0.00 in group I and in group II, 0.01 ± 0.00, 0.01 ± 0.00 and 0.03 ± 0.00 respectively. The Perusal of mean revealed a significant increase in CD34 positive cells in both the groups on the 6th postoperative day and revealed no significant increase in CD105 positive cells in both the groups. Conclusion: Though the stress indicators in terms of plasma cortisol level and stress leukogram were high after sedation and during anesthesia; mobilization of HSCs was appreciated only after 6th postoperative day indicating mobilization was occurring during the reparative and healing period.ArticleItem Open Access Electrochemotherapy with intra-tumoral cisplatin for the treatment of fibrosarcoma in a horse(2019-04) Bharathidasan, M; Justin William, B; George, Ravi Sundar , et al.; TANUVASA two years old Kathiawar stallion was reported with the history of two, pedunculated hard mass medially on the thigh and hock of the right hind limb, progressively increasing for the past two months. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed fibrosarcoma.The tumour on the medial aspect of the thigh was injected with cisplatin intra-tumorally at a dose rate of 0.3 mg/cm3 of tumour volume and was exposed to ECT. The tumour on the medial aspect of the hock was excised incompletely to preserve skin and subcutaneous tissues around the tumour for wound opposition and treated with intra-tumoral injection of cisplatin followed by ECT. Following electrochemotherapy complete response was noticed onthe 3rd and 4th week for the tumours on the thigh and hock respectively. No recurrence was noticed during the follow-up period of one year revealing ETC with cisplatin as a single treatment and also in combination with surgery is effective for the treatment of fibrosarcoma in equines.ArticleItem Open Access Electrospun silk biomaterial implant for teat obstruction in dairy cattle(2021) Sivashankar, R; Justin William, B; Natrajan, TS, et al.,; TANUVASObstructive teat injuries are common in dairy cows, which consequently lead to reduced milk production and poor milk quality, increased cost of treatment, early culling and thereby, a negative economic impact. The present study was undertaken for the production and standardization of a low cost biocompatible teat implant made of silk fibroin, known for its versatile utility as a biomaterial. Bombyx mori cocoons were collected and processed to make the silk fibroin solution and were made into mat form of 0.2 mm thickness and a pore size of 2-5 μm by electrospinning technique. A comparative clinical trial was conducted with regular silicone plugs and silk fibroin rolled teat plugs in cases of teat obstruction in dairy cattle. The parameters studied included healing period in days for return to milking, milkability and somatic cell count measured at 0, 10, 20 and 30 days.ArticleItem Open Access Gastric trichobezoars in a goat (Capra hircus)(2007-06) Justin William, B; Ganesh, R; Ramanathan, A; Halder, S, et al.; TANUVASTrichobezoars are rare conglomerate masses of hair found in the lumen of gastro-intestinal tract of animals (Barker and Van Dreumel, 1985). Trichobezoars are common in cats (Ryan and Wolfer, 1978) and calves (Barker and Van Dreumel, 1985). It has rarely been reported in a goat (William et al., 2000).ProceedingsItem Open Access Intralesional Application of Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cells with Scaffold in Canine for Spinal Cord Injury(2009) Justin William, B; Ayyappan, S; Capt. Dhana Jaya Rao, G, et al.; TANUVASA three year old male non-descriptive companion dog was presented to the Small Animal Orthopedic Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital (MVC) with paraplegia of fourth degree neurological deficit of hind limbs due to automobile trauma.ThesisItem Open Access OSSEOUS REGENERATION IN FRACTURED LONG BONES WITH PLATELET RICH PLASMA & ADIPOSE DERIVED STEM CELLS SEEDED ON BIOLOGICAL SCAFFOLDS AS ADJUNCTS TO CORTICAL BONE PLATES IN GOATS(TANUVAS, 2016) Sivashankar, R; Sundar George, Ravi; TANUVAS; Justin William, B; Ramesh, S; Kannan, TATwenty four goats with long bone fracture were included in the study and were divided into four groups and subjected to the surgical procedure. The incidence of long bone fractures were studied from January Z014 to December 2015 on the surgical cases reported to the Large Animal Surgical Unit, of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital. There Was an 18 percent incidence of orthopaedic conditions of the total cases reported and 80.51 per cent incidence of long bone fracture of the orthopaedic conditions reported. Female animals were more prone to long hone fracture compared to male animals. There Was no breed- wise prelidiction. The etiological agent for long bone fracture included automobile accidents, chasing by dogs, falling from height, falling of heavy objects. Metacarpus and metatarsal fractures Were more common followed by tibial, radius and ulnar, femur and humerus in the respective order.ArticleItem Open Access REPAIR OF RUMINO -ENTERO -OMENTOCELE (VENTRAL HERNIA) IN A COW-A CASE REPORT(2010) Sankar, P; Justin William, B; Shafiuzama, Md.; Rao, GD; Suresh Kumar, R; TANUVASA cross bred Jersey cow presented to the Large Animal Surgery Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with the history of swelling in the left ventral abdomen. Clinical examination, ultra sound examination and exploratory laparotomy revealed herniation and hernia repair was attempted. The size of hernia ring was 7.5 cm diameter and the organs herniated were ventral sac of rumen, intestine and omentum, kelotomy was performed, organs were repositioned and the herniated ring was closed by overlapping sutures. The incisional site was reinforced with fascia and the skin was apposed with interrupted suture pattern. The present communication deals with surgical management of rumino-entero-omentocele (ventral hernia) in a cow.ArticleItem Open Access STUDIES ON TAIL AND FIN - ROT (BACTERIOSES PINNARUM) DISEASE IN LOMMON CARPS (CYPRINUS CARPlS)(1995) John Kirubaharan, J; Raveneswaran, K; Justin William, B; Balachandran, S; TANUVASAn outbreak of tail and fin-rot was reported in common carp (Cyprinuss carpis) fishes reared in irrigation tanks of Agricultural College and Research Institute, Kullikulam. The mortality rate was upto 50%. Affected fishes developed erosions and ulcers in the fin and tail. with impaired movement.ThesisItem Open Access ArticleItem Open Access SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF POLYARTHRITIS WITH LINCOMYCIN IN A CALF-A CASE REPORT(2010) Das, BC; Arun Prasad, A; Pushkin Raj, H; Justin William, B; Suresh Kumar, R; TANUVASSeptic or polyarthritis is the most common clinical condition that affects the joints in cattle. Incidence of lameness related to joint diseases in cattle is well documented. Infectious arthritis may result from localization of bacteria, viral, mycotic or mycoplasma in a joint. With the presence of pus in the joint cavity, the infectious arthritis is termed as septic, pyogenic or suppurative arthritis. Haematogenous origin of infectious arthritis is the most common disease encountered in young calves as joint ill or neonatal polyarthritis. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci spp., Corynebacterium pyogenes, E. coli, and Salmonella spp. are the most frequently implicated organisms for causing infectious arthritis in cattle. The presence of fibrin deposits over the synovial membrane and articular cartilage decreases the nutritive effectiveness of synovial fluid and inhibits the diffusion of antibiotics used to treat septic arthritis (Bertone, 1996). Lincomycin is an antibacterial agent widely used to treat gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic infections that are resistant to the β-lactamase antibiotics (Spoo and Riviere, 1995). The successful treatment of arthritis and pedal osteomyelitis with lincomycin was reported by Pleviderleith (1988).ArticleItem Open Access SUCCESSFUL MANGEMENT OF POLYARTHRITIS WITH LINCOMYCIN IN A CALF-A CASE REPORT(2009) Das, BC; Arul Prasad, A; Pushkin Raj, H; Justin William, B; Suresh Kumar, R; TANUVASA 21 day old crossbred female calf weighing approximately 40 kg was brought to the large animal surgery out patient unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai, with the history of limping of both the fore limbs and non-weight bearing of the left hind limb for the past one week. Clinical examination revealed polyarthritic condition. On administration of lincomycin the calf showed successful clinical recovery from polyarthritis.ArticleItem Open Access SYNTHETIC CAPSULE TECHNIQUE FOR MANAGEMENT OF HIP DISLOCATION IN A BUFFALO CALF -A CASE REPORT(2009) Arun Prasad, A; Justin William, B; Pushkin Raj, H; Das, BC, et al.; TANUVASHip dislocation (coxofemoral luxation) is the second most common luxation in cattle and buffaloes. Though the condition occurs in all age groups, it is most frequent in 2 to 5 years old animals. The inherent instability of the hip joint in bovine due to shallowness of the acetabulum, the lack of prominence of the acetabular ring, presence of notches at its margin, small articular head of the femur and under development of supporting ligamentous structures of the joint predispose these animals to hip luxation (Singh and Tayal, 2002). Hip dislocation is associated with traumatic episodes and dystocia in adult cattle and falling in calves (Ducharme and Trostle, 2004). The luxation is generally craniodorsal, but cranioventral luxation or luxation in the adductor foramen is also seen (Tulleners and Nunamaker, 1987). Extra capsular stabilization is technique used for the treatment of chronic luxation in canines when there is no joint capsule available for capsulorraphy.ThesisItem Open Access TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHESIA USING MID - AZOLAM - KETAMINE MIZTURE IN BUTORPHANOL DEXMEDETOMIDINE - ACEPROM AZINE PREMEDICATED EQUINES(TANUVAS, 2016) Jishnu Rao, G; Justin William, B; TANUVAS; Ravi Sundar George; Leela, VHorses under general anaesthesia, are prone for considerable risk of morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to evolve a safe and a reliable total intravenous anaesthetic (TIVA) protocol which will cause minimum alteration in cardiopulmonary parameters to reduce post-anaesthetic morbidity and mortality in horses suitable for field practice and to study the reliability of peripheral haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells/mesenchymal stein cells mobilization as marker for assessing the magnitude of stress due to anaesthesia and relate to anaesthetic induced hypoxia and stress.