Browsing by Author "Johnson Rajeswar, J"
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ArticleItem Open Access Assessment of Immune Response Against Newcastle Disease Oral Pellet Vaccine in Desi Chicken by ELISA Test(2016-12) Lurthu Reetha, T; Johnson Rajeswar, J; Harikrishnan, TJ; Sugumar, K, et al.; TANUVASThe study was carried out at Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. A total of 48 day old desi chicks obtained from a private hatchery in Namakkal, TamilNadu were maintained under cage system of rearing up to 52 weeks of age as per standard management practices. All the 48 chicks were divided into six groups having eight chicks in each group were subjected to different treatment regimes. Serum samples were collected at 21 days interval and the post vaccination antibody titre was assessed by ELISA tests. All the birds were challenged at 52 weeks of age with 0.5 ml dose of 104.0 EID50 virulent ND field virus. All the vaccinated groups in this study showed protective level of antibody titre throughout the study period of 52 weeks. The challenged birds were observed for ten days for the development of clinical symptoms, lesions and mortality. No mortality was observed in any of the vaccinated group whereas 100 percent mortality was recorded during the observation period in the unvaccinated control groups.ArticleItem Open Access Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of oncogenicity associated Gene “pp38” of Serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus isolates from India(2018) Suresh, P; Johnson Rajeswar, J; Sukumar, K; Harikrishnan, TJ; Srinivasan, P; TANUVASThis study was undertaken to characterize the oncogenicity associated pp38 gene at molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) field isolates recovered from vaccinated poultry flocks which had encountered the outbreak of Marek’s Disease (MD) in southern part of India. The prime aim is to generate nucleotide sequence data for important oncogenicity associated pp38 gene of MDV1 which is very much lacking in India. Eighty six blood samples were collected from 15 commercial layer and broiler breeder farms. The virus was isolated in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) by co - cultivation of lymphocyte and DEF cells. The Isolates were named as Ind/TN/11/01, Ind/KA/12/02 and Ind/ TN/12/03. The oncogenicity associated pp38 gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The isolates were shown to have a homology of 99.3-99.8 per cent within themselves and 79.9-98.4 per cent between MDVs isolated in this study and other isolates of this area reported by earlier workers for pp38 gene. The isolates were shown to have a homology of 97.3-98.3 per cent with various isolates of China and 98.4 – 100 per cent with other isolates of Europe and USA. Alignment analysis of the nucleotide sequences had shown nucleotide mutations when MS 53 strain of China was used as reference strain. The nucleotide mutation in the pp38 gene of MDVs displayed regularity at two positions, including 477 and 640 in the entire field MDV isolates of this study. The mutation at position 477 was unique and coincides with very virulent strains of China and USA including XJ 03, TQ20 and Md5. At position 96 all the isolates are matching with US strains and local isolates of this area reported by earlier workers and differ from MS 53 (G to C). There is a single nucleotide mutation at position 172 (G to C) in the isolate Ind/KA/12/02. There is a single nucleotide mutation at position 548 (G to A) in the isolate Ind/TN/11/01.Phylogenetic analysis on the pp38 sequence of three isolates and other 10 reference strains showed that the analyzed 13 MDVs could be separated three groups (cluster 1, cluster 2 and cluster 3) The study implies that the field isolates of serotype 1 MDVs circulating in vaccinated flocks had been shown to have consistent mutations in different positions in pp38 gene. It would be of use to correlate the pp38 gene sequence results of this study along with other critical oncogenes viz Meq and vIL8 select a better vaccine candidate.ArticleItem Open Access Diagnosis and Management of Clinical Mastitis due to Clostridium perfringens in a Cow(TANUVAS, 2018-07) Parthiban, S; Ramprabhu, R; Johnson Rajeswar, J; TANUVASThe report describes clinical mastitis in a cow caused by Clostridium perfringens. Preliminary examination of pure colonies in nutrient agar revealed catalase and oxidase negative, non-motile and gram positive large rods. Based on cultural characters, staining morphology and biochemical test, the colonies were identified as C. perfringens. Based on sensivity pattern, cow was treated with Enrofloxacin, Meloxicam and supportives. The animal recovered completely within five days of therapy.ArticleItem Open Access Evaluating Post-mortem Samples for Identification of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Ovine Pneumonia(TANUVAS, 2018-07) Parthiban, S; Kumar, V; Gopal, K; Johnson Rajeswar, J; TANUVASThe study was undertaken to evaluate bacterial pathogens in post-mortem samples of ovine pneumonia. 70 Post-mortem samples were processed for bacterial identification based on history and post-mortem lesions. The study revealed involvement of bacterial isolates Escherichia coli 22.85 percent (n=16) followed by Klebsiella spp 18.57 percent (n=13), Pseudomonas spp 4.28 percent (n=10), Clostridium spp 11.41 percent (n=8), Staphylococcus spp 8.57 percent (n=6) and Pasteurella spp 5.71 percent (n=4). Mixed isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp was recorded in 10 percent (n=7), E. coli and Staphylocouus spp in 5.71 percent (n=4) and E. coli, Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas spp in 2.85 percent (n=2) samples. Overall, E.coli and Klebsiella spp were the major bacteria occuring individually or in mixed infections in ovine pneumonia.ArticleItem Open Access EVALUATION OF IMMUNOPOTENTIATING EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANT PRODUCTS IN COMMERCIAL LAYER FLOCK VACCINATED AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE BY HAEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION (HI) TEST(2015-02) Mohanambal, K; Selvaraju, G; Palanivel, KM; Johnson Rajeswar, J; TANUVASThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the immunopotentiating effect of medicinal plant products such as Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica in commercial layer flock vaccinated against Newcastle disease. The HI titre values in all the groups were above the protective level throughout the study period. Withania somnifera treated group showed highest mean HI titre of 234.66 and high HI titre from 26th week to 40th week of age when compared with other groups. For normal egg production, HI titre value should be greater than 256, which is obtained in W. somnifera, T. cordifolia and A. sativum treated groups only at 32 weeks of ageArticleItem Open Access EXACERBATION OF MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM BY ADMINISTRATION OF LIVE INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VACCINE IN COMMERCIAL LAYER CHICKENSBalasubramaniam, A; Suresh, P; Arthanari Eswaran, M; Sukumar, K; Johnson Rajeswar, J; TANUVASMycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infections are commonly known as chronic respiratory disease (CRD) of chickens. The infection with this bacterium is characterized by respiratory rales, coughing, nasal discharge and conjunctivitis (Ley, 2003). Economic losses from condemnation, reduced egg production and increased medication costs make CRD one of the costliest disease problems confronting poultry production. Complicating infections like colibacillosis and some live vaccines are known to result in more sever MG diseases (Mohammad et al., 1987 and Gross, 1990). A case of misdiagnosis leading to use of live infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine which exaggerated CRD in layer chickens is reported.ArticleItem Open Access Identifications of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (field isolates) by Agar Gel lmmuno-diffusion, I-Iaemagglutination and Specific I-laemagglutination Inhibition Tests.(2000-01) Johnson Rajeswar, J; Dorairajan, N; TANUVASThe application of Agar gel immuno- diffusion (AGIDL Haemagglulinalion (HA) and specific I-lziemagglutinzmon inhibition (HI) tests have been proved to be sensitive tests for the identification of infectious bronchitis virus (Wiuer, I862; Verma and Malik. I97]: Rosenberger er u!.. I976; Alexander & Chcttlc 1977 and Alexander at aI.. I983).ArticleItem Open Access Molecular analysis of oncogenicity associated gene “vIL8” of serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus isolates from India(2020-01) Suresh, P; Johnson Rajeswar, J; Sukumar, K; Harikrishnan, TJ; Srinivasan, P; TANUVASThis study was undertaken to characterize the oncogenicity associated vIL8 (viral interleukin-8) gene at molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) field isolates recovered from vaccinated poultry flocks. The prime aim was to generate nucleotide sequence data for important oncogenicity associated vIL8 gene of MDV1 which is very much lacking in India. Eighty six blood samples were collected from 15 commercial layer and broiler breeder farms. Isolation was done in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) and vIL8 gene was amplified by Polymerization Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The isolates were shown to have a homology of 99.8-100 per cent within themselves and 94.6-95.1 per cent with various isolates of China and 96.6 – 99.5 per cent with other isolates of USA for vIL8 gene. Alignment analysis of the nucleotide sequences had shown nucleotide mutations at three different positions and displayed perfect regularity. Phylogenetic analysis of vIL8 sequence of three isolates and other six reference strains showed that the analyzed nine MDVs could be distinctly separated into two clusters. The study revealed that the field isolates of serotype 1 MDVs circulating in vaccinated flocks had been shown to have consistent mutations in different positions in vIL8 gene.ArticleItem Open Access Molecular analysis of oncogenicity associated gene “vIL8” of serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus isolates from India(2020-01) Suresh, P; Johnson Rajeswar, J; Sukumar, K; Harikrishnan, TJ; Srinivasan, P; TANUVASThis study was undertaken to characterize the oncogenicity associated vIL8 (viral interleukin-8) gene at molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) field isolates recovered from vaccinated poultry flocks. The prime aim was to generate nucleotide sequence data for important oncogenicity associated vIL8 gene of MDV1 which is very much lacking in India. Eighty six blood samples were collected from 15 commercial layer and broiler breeder farms. Isolation was done in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) and vIL8 gene was amplified by Polymerization Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The isolates were shown to have a homology of 99.8-100 per cent within themselves and 94.6-95.1 per cent with various isolates of China and 96.6 – 99.5 per cent with other isolates of USA for vIL8 gene. Alignment analysis of the nucleotide sequences had shown nucleotide mutations at three different positions and displayed perfect regularity. Phylogenetic analysis of vIL8 sequence of three isolates and other six reference strains showed that the analyzed nine MDVs could be distinctly separated into two clusters. The study revealed that the field isolates of serotype 1 MDVs circulating in vaccinated flocks had been shown to have consistent mutations in different positions in vIL8 gene.ArticleItem Open Access Molecular analysis of oncogenicity associated gene “vIL8” of serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus isolates from India(2020-01) Suresh, P; Johnson Rajeswar, J; Sukumar, K, et al.; TANUVASThis study was undertaken to characterize the oncogenicity associated vIL8 (viral interleukin-8) gene at molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) field isolates recovered from vaccinated poultry flocks. The prime aim was to generate nucleotide sequence data for important oncogenicity associated vIL8 gene of MDV1 which is very much lacking in India. Eighty six blood samples were collected from 15 commercial layer and broiler breeder farms. Isolation was done in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) and vIL8 gene was amplified by Polymerization Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The isolates were shown to have a homology of 99.8-100 per cent within themselves and 94.6-95.1 per cent with various isolates of China and 96.6 – 99.5 per cent with other isolates of USA for vIL8 gene. Alignment analysis of the nucleotide sequences had shown nucleotide mutations at three different positions and displayed perfect regularity. Phylogenetic analysis of vIL8 sequence of three isolates and other six reference strains showed that the analyzed nine MDVs could be distinctly separated into two clusters. The study revealed that the field isolates of serotype 1 MDVs circulating in vaccinated flocks had been shown to have consistent mutations in different positions in vIL8 gene.OtherItem Open Access PROTEIN PROFILE STUDIES OF FIELD ISOLATES OF INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS VIRUS BY PAGE ANALYSIS IN LAYERS OF NAMAKKAL DISTRICT.(TANUVAS, 1980) Puvarajan, B; Sukumar, K; Johnson Rajeswar, J; Harikrishnan, TJ; Balasubramaniam, GA; TANUVASInfectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT), is an economically important respiratory viral disease of chicken caused by Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), an alphaherpesvirus. A study was conducted to identify molecular character of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) isolates from commercial layer chicken farm located at Namakkal District, Tamilnadu, the second egg bowl of India.ArticleItem Open Access Rabies - An Overview(2013-07) Suresh, P; Johnson Rajeswar, J; TANUVASRabies virus can infect all warm-blooded animals, and in nearly all instances the infection ends in death.ArticleItem Open Access Serological Survey of Avian Metapneumovirus Infection in Broiler Breeder Chicken Farms in Tamil Nadu(2014-02) Arthanari Eswaran, M; Sukumar, K; Johnson Rajeswar, J; Balasubramaniam, GA; Anna, T; TANUVASAvian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an important poultry pathogen causing an acute highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection in chickens leading to swollen head syndrome. The disease can cause significant economic losses in turkey and chicken flocks, particularly when exacerbated by secondary pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of avian metapneumovirus antibodies in broiler breeder flocks in Tamil Nadu, India. Twenty numbers of broiler breeder farms located in Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu were selected randomly and blood samples were collected. A total of 485 blood samples were collected from 20 broiler breeder chicken flocks (aged between 4 and 72 weeks). The serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against avian metapneumovirus by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (IDEXX APV Ab test, Liebefeld-Bern, Switzerland) which was able to determine antibodies against A, B and C subtypes of avian metapneumovirus. Out of 485 serum samples, 165 (34.02%) were positive to avian metapneumovirus antibodies, which represented 14 of 20 (70%) examined broiler breeder flocks. All the chickens had not been vaccinated against avian metapneumovirus in India and these results indicate that commercial poultry birds are exposed to this important poultry pathogen. This is the first report of serologic evidence of AMPV in India. Its prevalence has to be investigated in other parts of India. Future work may and should include the use of molecular methods and isolation of the virus. Isolation of avian metapneumovirus will allow the possibility of controlling the disease.ArticleItem Open Access Therapeutic Management of Otitis Media in an Asiatic Elephant(2016-07) Parthiban, S; Malmarugan, S; Johnson Rajeswar, J; TANUVASA fifty years old elephant with purulent ear discharge from left ear canal for past one week were presented. Clinical signs observed were head tilting towards the affected side. Cultural examination revealed Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. as the principal pathogens associated. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern revealed sensitivity for Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline and resistance to Cefotaxime, Ampicillin, Streptomycin and Penicillins. The animal recovered completely after six days of therapy with Gentamicin and adjunct therapy.ArticleItem Open Access Tracheobronchoscopic Evaluation of Bacterial Pneumonia in Cattle(2020-06) Venkatesakumar, E; Vijayakumar, G; Balasubramaniam, GA; Johnson Rajeswar, J; TANUVASSeventy two cattle with bacterial pneumonia and twelve healthy cattle were studied in detail for haemato-biochemical examination, radiography and tracheobronchoscopy. Haematobiochemical examination revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Radiographic examination showed increased pulmonary infiltration. Tracheobronchoscopic examination of affected animals revealed inflammation, haemorrhage, mucus to mucopurulent exudates in nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) collected through endoscope was subjected to cytology and cultural examination. Cytology of the affected animals showed increased total cell counts and predominant neutrophils. Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were isolated from BAL and confirmed with PCR studies.Book chapterItem Open Access கறவை மாடுகளில் மைக்கோபிளாஸ்மா நுண்ணுயிரியால் ஏற்பட்ட இசைச் செவி அழற்சி நோய் - ஓர் கள ஆய்வு(2017) Malmarugan, S; Prabu, M; Parthiban, C; Gopal, K; Ramkumar, PK; Johnson Rajeswar, J; Anna, T; TANUVASBook chapterItem Open Access "ஜிஃப்" மரபணு அடிப்படையிலான பலபடியாக்கல் தொடர்வினை மூலம் ஆடுகளில் உதட்டுஅம்மை நோயினைக் கண்டறிதல்(2017) Prabhu, M; Parthiban, C; Malmarugan, S; Senthilkumar, S; Sweetline Anne, N; Johnson Rajeswar, J; TANUVAS