Browsing by Author "Arya, Sushila"
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ThesisItem Open Access Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of biological activities of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig and Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-08) Arya, Sushila; Ravendra KumarIn the present study, the variability in chemical constituents, isolation, biological property of essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds of Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. And H. coronarium J. Koenig collected from different locations and seasons of Kumaun, Uttarakhand, India were evaluated. Essential oil extracted by Clevenger type apparatus and oleoresins prepared in various solvent by cold percolation method. Essential oils and oleoresin composition were analyzed by GC-MS. Isolation of the compounds done by chromatographic techniques (TLC, Column etc.) and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (MS, FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and DEPT-135 etc.). Biological activities such as nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, antifungal and antibacterial of essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds performed by using standard protocols. 7-Hydroxyfarnesen, α-farnesene, α-pinene, (-)-spathulenol, β-pinene, davanone B, (E)-nerolidol, bornyl acetate and 1,8-cineole were identified as major component in H. coccineum aerial and rhizome part essential oils. (Z)-6, (Z)-9-pentadecadien-1-ole, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, (Z)- caryophyllene, camphor etc were identified as major components in H. coccineum oleoresins. 1,8- cineole, coronarin E, α-terpineol, α-pinene, (Z)-caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, caryophyllene oxide and bornyl acetate were identified as major component in H. coronarium altitudinal essential oils. n-Hexadecanoic acid, trans-13-octadecenoic acid, photocitral B, pentadecanoic acid, coronarin E, α-pinene etc were identified as major component in H. coronarium altitudinal oleoresins. Similarly, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, linalool, α-terpineol, caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol and, coronarin E were identified as major component in H. coronarium seasonal essential oil. Total phenolics, flavonoid and orthodyhydric phenol contents measured for H. coronarium seasonal oleoresins. Isolated compounds characterized as Compound #01 (coronalactosides I); Compound #02 (isolinariin A); Compound #03 (hedychilactone A) and Compound #04 ((E)-labda-8(17), 12-dien-15(16)-olide). Essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds were studied for their nematicidal and egg hatching process at different concentrations against M. incognita with significant results. Oils, oleoresins and compounds also tested against S. litura by using leaf dip method. Variable and significant results were observed for insecticidal activity at different concentration. The herbicidal activity was determine in term of inhibition of seed germination, root length and shoot length at different concentration against radish seeds, R. raphanistrum. All the essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds showed moderate to strong herbicidal potential in a dose dependent manner. Antifungal activity was evaluated against F.oxysporum and C. lunata in term of inhibition of mycelia growth by using poison food technique. Essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds were affected against F.oxysporum and C. lunata at variable concentration. Essential oils of H. coccineum showed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. Typhi by using disc diffusion method. The results showed that geographic origin and seasons greatly influenced the chemical composition of essential oil/ oleoresin of Hedychium species and their associated bioactivitiesThesisItem Open Access Synthesis and biological activities of Cinnamo Hydroxamic acid derivatives(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-06) Arya, Sushila; Tandon, ShishirThe cinnamo hydroxamic acid derivatives have been synthesized employing green chemistry principles. The compounds have been synthesized by the reaction of substituted cinnamic acids and substituted hydroxylamines at temperature 0°C in chloroform as solvent and solution was in the presence of a new catalyst triethylamine . The compounds synthesized are 4-hydroxy cinnamo hydroxamic acid, 3-nitro cinnamo hydroxamic acid, 4-methoxy cinnamo hydroxamic acid, 4-chloro cinnamo hydroxamic acid, o-tolyl-(4-hydroxyl) cinnamon hydroxamic acid, o-tolyl-(3-nitro) cinnamo hydroxamic acid, o-tolyl-(3-bromo) cinnamon hydroxamic acid, o-tolyl-(4-methoxy) cinnamo hydroxamic acid, o-tolyl-(3-chloro) cinnamon hydroxamic acid and 2-Bromo-(4-chloro) cinnamo hydroxamic acid. All the compounds were formed with average to good yield. The compounds were tested for herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus seeds. The compound 3-nitro cinnamon hydroxamic acid, o-tolyl-(3-bromo) cinnamo hydroxamic acid and 2-Bromo-(4-chloro) cinnamo hydroxamic acid were found to exhibit significant activity at par with the standard pendimethalin at concentration 200ppm. Other compounds exhibited activity significantly lower than the standard at all concentrations. Antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was also evaluated for antioxidant activity two methods viz., 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were employed. Most of the compounds were found to have significant activity. Amongst all the substituted cinnamo hydroxamic acid derivatives 4-hydroxy cinnamo hydroxamic acid exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity followed by 4-chloro cinnamo hydroxamic acid, o-tolyl-(3-bromo) cinnamo hydroxamic acid, 3-nitro cinnamo hydroxamic acid, o-tolyl-(4-methoxy) cinnamo hydroxamic acid, o-tolyl-(4-hydroxyl) cinnamo hydroxamic acid, 4-methoxy cinnamo hydroxamic acid exhibiting activity at par with standard BHT / gallic acid.The compounds o-tolyl-(3-chloro) cinnamo hydroxamic acid, 2-Bromo-(4-chloro) cinnamo hydroxamic acid exhibited lower activity than standard BHT and higher activity than standard gallic acid while compound o-tolyl-(3-nitro) cinnamo hydroxamic acid exhibit lowest radical scavenging activity than both standard BHT and gallic acid. The reducing power activity (FRAP) of synthesized compounds were also studied. The highest reducing power activity was observed for o -tolyl-(4-methoxy) cinnamo hydroxamic acid while, the lowest activity was observed in 4-hydroxy cinnamo hydroxamic acid .The reducing power activities for all the synthesized compounds were compared with standard FeSO4.7H2O. It may be concluded from the present study that cinnamo hydroxamic acid derivatives might be a source of herbicides and antioxidants to protect the agricultural crops, foods etc. Cinnamo hydroxamic acid derivatives show excellent herdicidal and antioxidant activity and may be developed as potential herbicides and antioxidants in future.