Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of biological activities of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig and Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.
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Date
2022-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145
Abstract
In the present study, the variability in chemical constituents, isolation, biological property of essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds of Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. And H. coronarium J. Koenig collected from different locations and seasons of Kumaun, Uttarakhand, India were evaluated. Essential oil extracted by Clevenger type apparatus and oleoresins prepared in various solvent by cold percolation method. Essential oils and oleoresin composition were analyzed by GC-MS. Isolation of the compounds done by chromatographic techniques (TLC, Column etc.) and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (MS, FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and DEPT-135 etc.). Biological activities such as nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, antifungal and antibacterial of essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds performed by using standard protocols. 7-Hydroxyfarnesen, α-farnesene, α-pinene, (-)-spathulenol, β-pinene, davanone B, (E)-nerolidol, bornyl acetate and 1,8-cineole were identified as major component in H. coccineum
aerial and rhizome part essential oils. (Z)-6, (Z)-9-pentadecadien-1-ole, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, (Z)- caryophyllene, camphor etc were identified as major components in H. coccineum oleoresins. 1,8- cineole, coronarin E, α-terpineol, α-pinene, (Z)-caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, caryophyllene oxide and bornyl acetate were identified as major component in H. coronarium altitudinal essential oils. n-Hexadecanoic acid, trans-13-octadecenoic acid, photocitral B, pentadecanoic acid, coronarin E, α-pinene etc were identified as major component in H. coronarium altitudinal oleoresins. Similarly, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, linalool, α-terpineol, caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol and, coronarin E were identified as major component in H. coronarium seasonal essential oil. Total phenolics, flavonoid and orthodyhydric phenol contents measured for H. coronarium seasonal oleoresins. Isolated compounds characterized as Compound #01 (coronalactosides I); Compound #02 (isolinariin A); Compound #03 (hedychilactone A) and Compound #04 ((E)-labda-8(17), 12-dien-15(16)-olide). Essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds were studied for their nematicidal and egg hatching process at different concentrations against M. incognita with significant results. Oils, oleoresins and compounds also tested against S. litura by using leaf dip method. Variable and significant results were observed for insecticidal activity at different concentration. The herbicidal activity was determine in term of inhibition of seed germination, root length and shoot length at different concentration against radish seeds, R. raphanistrum. All the essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds showed moderate to strong herbicidal potential in a dose dependent manner. Antifungal activity was evaluated against F.oxysporum and C. lunata in term of inhibition of mycelia growth by using poison food technique. Essential oils, oleoresins and isolated compounds were affected against F.oxysporum and C. lunata at variable concentration. Essential oils of H. coccineum showed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. Typhi by using disc diffusion
method. The results showed that geographic origin and seasons greatly influenced the chemical composition of essential oil/ oleoresin of Hedychium species and their associated bioactivities