Browsing by Author "Anmol Singh"
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ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of physical constraints in fine textured Inceptisols of Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana) Anmol SinghThe fine textured Inceptisols suffer from constraints which ultimately affect crop productivity. A study was undertaken to characterize these soils physically, morphologically and chemically for identifying the major constraints. Seven profiles in fine and four in coarse textured Inceptisols under different cropping systems (rice-wheat, maize-wheat, sugarcane, fallow-berseem and rice sorghum) were exposed for the morphological, physical and chemical characterization. All the studied soils exhibited A-B horizons in fine textured Inceptisols and A-Bw-C horizons in coarse textured Inceptisols. The clay content in fine textured Inceptisols varied from 26-68 per cent. Depth distribution of bulk density did not show any definite pattern with clay content and the cropping systems. No subsurface compaction was observed in fine textured soils. The rice based cropping systems had lowest infiltration rate (IR) and the final IR was highest in soils under fallow-berseem (2.4 cm hr-1) and lowest in rice-wheat/rice sorghum (1 cm hr-1). The total water infiltrated to achieve the constant IR in fine textured Inceptisols was lowest (4.8 cm) in rice-sorghum and highest (13.3 cm) in fallow-berseem cropping system. The Kunsat did not show any definite trend either down the profile or with the amount of clay content in all the pedons of fine textured soils. The water holding capacity (WHC) was lower in coarse textured soils than the fine textured soils. The soils under rice-wheat cropping system experienced highest mean weight diameter (MWD). The MWD in sugarcane fields was least despite of highest content of clay in these soils. The WSA>.0.25 mm followed the simillar trend as MWD. The soil were alkaline in reaction. The depth distribution of cation exchange capacity (CEC) did not show any definite trend and it varied with clay content. All the soils were low in available N content medium in available P and medium to high in available K content irrespective of soil type. The available micronutrient content extracted by DTPA in fine textured soils followed the order Mn>Fe>Zn/Cu. DTPA-Zn decreased with increased clay content and CEC of the soils, whereas DTPA-Cu content increased with increase in clay content of these soils. Physical characterization, Chemical characterizati on, cropping systems, available nurientsThesisItem Open Access Market Study of Fungicides for Soybean Crop in Ashoknagar District of Madhya Pradesh(Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University Bikaner – 334006, 2022) Anmol Singh; Amita SharmaAgriculture sector is one of the most significant part of Indian economy and at present it is among the top two farm producers in the world. As being stated by the economic data of financial year 2020-21, agriculture has acquired 18 percent of India's GDP. Agriculture is still the only largest contributor to India's GDP even after a decline in the same in the agriculture share of India. Agriculture also plays a significant role in the growth of socioeconomic sector in India. India depends heavily on the agriculture sector, especially on the food production unit after the 1960 crisis in food sector. Natural resource base of agriculture, which provides sustainable production, is shrinking and degrading, and is adversely affecting production capacity of the ecosystem. However, demand for agriculture is rising rapidly with increase in population and per capita income and growing demand from industry sector. The ever increasing population of India is proportionally shrinking the per capita availability of land which calls for a considerable numbers of threats like natural factors, irrigation, availability of fertilizer, pest and diseases etc. which drastically reduce the productivity and the overall national agricultural productions. Since then, India has put a lot of effort to be self-sufficient in the food production and this endeavor of India has led to the green revolution. The green revolution came into existence with the aim to improve the agriculture in India.ThesisItem Embargo Morphological and molecular characterization of advanced backcross Basmati breeding lines for yield and multiple biotic stresses(Punjab Agricultural University, 2024) Anmol Singh; Dr. Navjot SidhuBasmati rice, a gourmet delicacy and pride of the Indian sub-continent, is well known world-wide for its long slender grains with delicate curvature, pleasant aroma, and remarkable linear elongation, low breadthwise swelling combined with impressive flaky texture on cooking. It occupies a premier position in the forex economy of India. Besides being a premium quality rice, its yield potential is affected by lower grain number panicle besides being affected by multiple biotic stresses. In this study, a total of 165 advanced backcross Basmati breeding lines along with cultivated Basmati rice varieties as checks, were evaluated for yield and yield component traits, resistance to bacterial blight, neck blast and brown planthopper. Data was recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, yield per plot, resistance to bacterial blight, neck blast and brown planthopper. The days to 50% flowering ranged from 80.92 to 103.28 days; plant height varied from 78.88 and 145.08 cm; number of tillers per plant from 7.06 to 19.18; panicle length varied from 23.14 to 31.22 cm; number of grains per panicle from 23.08 to 164.50 and yield per plot ranged from 0.33 to 1.26 kg, indicating wide variability in the advanced backcross breeding lines. Based on phenotypic evaluation, the selected lines were also evaluated with gene based molecular markers for presence of genes for resistance to bacterial blight (Xa4, xa13, Xa21), neck blast (Pi2, Pi54), brown plant hopper (BPH34), aroma and intermediate amylose. Of 165, 41 lines showed significant improvement in yield component traits and resistance to different stresses besides presence of basmati specific traits such as aroma and intermediate amylose content. Seven lines showed significantly higher yield as compared to checks and resistance to bacterial blight. These lines showed presence of three bacterial blight resistance genes namely Xa4+xa13+Xa21. Of these seven, three lines also possessed Pi2 and Pi54 genes for resistance to neck blast. Three lines out 41 selected lines showed presence of BPH34 gene for resistance to brown plant hopper. All the 41 selected lines were genotyped with 145 SSR markers spanning on all the 12 chromosomes of rice. Basmati genome recovery in all these lines ranged from 37.7 to 91% based on all the SSR markers. The advanced backcross breeding lines are the valuable resource for improving the yield potential of basmati rice and developing basmati rice cultivars with higher yields and resistance to multiple biotic stresses.ThesisItem Restricted Soil aggregate associated organic carbon and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions in different cropping system(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Anmol Singh; Dheri, G. S.Crop production technologies may influence the potential of soil to act as a sink or source of global greenhouse gases (GHGs). Assessment of the impact of fertilizer and cropping system is required to identify best management practices (BMP) for soil carbon (C) sequestration and mitigation of GHG emissions. Nutrient management practices differentially influence organic C present within aggregates, which in time may affect rate of C mineralization and GHG emissions. The present study assessed the impact of long-term application of fertilizer and organic manures in maize-wheat (M-W) and rice-wheat (R-W) systems on aggregate stability, aggregate associated C and GHG emissions. Application of fertilizers and organic manures in both the cropping systems significantly improved the mean weight diameter and aggregate stability as compared to unfertilized control. The maximum increase in macro-aggregates was recorded in 100% NPK+farmyard manure (11.5%) under M-W and 100% NPK+straw incorporation (18.8%) under R-W. The higher concentration of C in recalcitrant fraction under R-W (38.6%) compared to M-W (16.6%) suggest that the soil conditions under R-W were more favorable for C stabilization. Irrespective of treatments total organic C was maximum in > 2 mm aggregate fraction with an average of 8.42 g kg-1 aggregate under M-W and 14.8 g kg-1 aggregate under R-W system. In general, long-term application of fertilizer integrated with organic manures (irrespective of aggregate fractions) improved total C and C fractions significantly as compared to sole application of fertilizer. The emission of CO2 and N2O was higher from macro-aggregates compared to micro-aggregates. Integrated use of fertilizer and organic manures may be the best management option for improving organic C and mitigating GHG emissions by increasing C stabilization and soil aggregation.