Morphological and molecular characterization of advanced backcross Basmati breeding lines for yield and multiple biotic stresses
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Date
2024
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Punjab Agricultural University
Abstract
Basmati rice, a gourmet delicacy and pride of the Indian sub-continent, is well known world-wide for its long slender grains with delicate curvature, pleasant aroma, and remarkable linear elongation, low breadthwise swelling combined with impressive flaky texture on cooking. It occupies a premier position in the forex economy of India. Besides being a premium quality rice, its yield potential is affected by lower grain number panicle besides being affected by multiple biotic stresses. In this study, a total of 165 advanced backcross Basmati breeding lines along with cultivated Basmati rice varieties as checks, were evaluated for yield and yield component traits, resistance to bacterial blight, neck blast and brown planthopper. Data was recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, yield per plot, resistance to bacterial blight, neck blast and brown planthopper. The days to 50% flowering ranged from 80.92 to 103.28 days; plant height varied from 78.88 and 145.08 cm; number of tillers per plant from 7.06 to 19.18; panicle length varied from 23.14 to 31.22 cm; number of grains per panicle from 23.08 to 164.50 and yield per plot ranged from 0.33 to 1.26 kg, indicating wide variability in the advanced backcross breeding lines. Based on phenotypic evaluation, the selected lines were also evaluated with gene based molecular markers for presence of genes for resistance to bacterial blight (Xa4, xa13, Xa21), neck blast (Pi2, Pi54), brown plant hopper (BPH34), aroma and intermediate amylose. Of 165, 41 lines showed significant improvement in yield component traits and resistance to different stresses besides presence of basmati specific traits such as aroma and intermediate amylose content. Seven lines showed significantly higher yield as compared to checks and resistance to bacterial blight. These lines showed presence of three bacterial blight resistance genes namely Xa4+xa13+Xa21. Of these seven, three lines also possessed Pi2 and Pi54 genes for resistance to neck blast. Three lines out 41 selected lines showed presence of BPH34 gene for resistance to brown plant hopper. All the 41 selected lines were genotyped with 145 SSR markers spanning on all the 12 chromosomes of rice. Basmati genome recovery in all these lines ranged from 37.7 to 91% based on all the SSR markers. The advanced backcross breeding lines are the valuable resource for improving the yield potential of basmati rice and developing basmati rice cultivars with higher yields and resistance to multiple biotic stresses.
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Anmol Singh (2024). Morphological and molecular characterization of advanced backcross Basmati breeding lines for yield and multiple biotic stresses (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.