Browsing by Author "Anbu Kumar, K"
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PresentationItem Open Access Occurrence of Foot and Mouth Disease in exotic and crossbred sheep in the Nilgiris(2020-02) Anbu Kumar, K; Krishnamohan Reddy, Y; Krishnakumar, S; et al.; TANUVASFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is primarily a disease of cattle in India. Cross-bred cattle usually show severe form of the disease, while indigenous cattle and buffaloes are also affected with less severe forms. In general, the clinical disease of FMD in sheep and goats is rare and usually goes undetected. During 2013, several flocks of sheep and goats were affected with FMD resulting in mortality, abortions and neonatal mortality. The severe clinical manifestation of FMD in sheep was also observed in the year 2018. During 2018, there was an occurrence of FMD in exotic and crossbred sheep in the Sheep Breeding Research Station (SBRS), Sandynallah, the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. Since there was no history of FMD and PPR in the farm, the sheep were not vaccinated with FMD or PPR vaccine. The sheep above three months of age were vaccinated with bluetongue vaccine. In the farm, about 1200 sheep of Dorset and Nilgiris cross, Garole andSandyno cross were present of which 140 were lambs, 270 were hoggets, 660 were ewes and 130 were rams. Initially, the infection was noticed in hoggetsand followed by adults. About 350 sheep showed symptoms of oral vesicular lesions, limping, dullness, anorexia, pyrexia and depressionfrom the second week of December, 2018 until the end of January 2019.About 50 ewes aborted from the onset of symptoms till end of January 2019. Lambs did not show any clinical symptoms suggestive of FMD throughout the period. During this period, some cattle and buffaloes in the Nilgiris have been reported with oral vesicular lesions and limping suggestive of FMD infection. Though FMD virus could not be detected in samples from the affected sheep, O-type was reported from cattle from other parts of Tamil Nadu during the same period. Besides cattle, severe clinical manifestation of FMD in indigenous cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs was reported from parts of Tamil Nadu. Serology of the affected sheep at SBRS showed the presence of FMD antibodies, primarily O-type. In addition, antibodies to bluetongue and PPR were present in the serum samples. Hence it was advised to vaccinate the sheep against FMD, Bluetongue and PPR.PresentationItem Open Access Usefullness of bluetongue vaccination in cattle(2020-02) Anbu Kumar, K; Krishnamohan Reddy, Y; Dharmesh, VK; Srinivas, K; TANUVASBluetongue (BT) is primarily a disease of sheep and hence they are vaccinated with BT multivalent inactivated vaccine containing bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 1,2,10,16 and 23 in India. Cattle, buffaloes and goats also show sero-positivity; though clinical symptoms due to BTV infection in these animals are not reported in India. However, in North America, Europe and Australia, clinical disease of BT is often reported in cattle and in Europe, cattle along with sheep are being vaccinated with BT inactivated vaccine. During 2018 monsoon period, the severe clinical manifestation of FMD was observed in crossbred cattle throughout Tamil Nadu. Indigenous cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs were also affected with clinical manifestation. During this outbreak, FMD O-type was reported from cattle. Serum samples collected from cattle, buffaloes,sheep and goats showed FMD antibodies. Some of these samples collected during the FMD outbreak period in 2018 also showed sero-positivity for bluetongue antibodies in C- ELISA. When the serum samples were again collected from cattle and buffaloes from the same locations during 2019 showed more than 80% positivity for BTV antibodies. Previous reports have indicated FMD like lesions in the cattle and buffaloes vaccinated with FMD vaccine and BTV antibodies were present in the serum samples of these animals. It was also observed that sheep which were vaccinated with bluetongue vaccine and FMD vaccine did not exhibit any signs of disease during the FMD outbreak in 2018. Especially in one farm in an outbreak area, 10 cattle which were vaccinated with bluetongue did not exhibit any signs of disease during the FMD outbreak in 2018. The high percentage of sero-positivity in cattle and buffaloes and repeated occurrence of FMD like lesions in FMD vaccinated cattle taken together with the occurrence of clinical disease of BT in Cattle in North America, Europe and Australia necessitates BTV vaccination in cattle and buffaloes in India.