Browsing by Author "Akashdeep Singh"
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ThesisItem Open Access Economic analysis of farm power scenario in Punjab agriculture(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Akashdeep Singh; Kataria, PoonamThe present study, based on both primary and secondary data, was conducted to have an overview of farm power scenario of India with particular reference to Punjab, to carry out the assessment of the availability and utilization of farm power sources in Punjab particularly in relation to rice and wheat crop and to bring out the differentials in proportion of biological and mechanical farm power utilization. The primary data for crop year 2014-15 collected from 100 farmers, spread across the standard land holding categories from Ludhiana and Amritsar districts of Punjab formed the basis of the study. In India, the farm power increased seven times from 40.10 million kW in 1960-61 to 282.73 million kW by 2013-14, as against an increase from 1.39 million Kw in 1960-61 to 18.24 Kw by 2012-13 observed in the case of Punjab. The density of tractors, the major source of farm power, increased from just two tractors per thousand hectares in 1960-61 to as high as 115 tractors per thousand hectares by 2012-13, the corresponding figure for India being 35 (even less than one third). Primary data reveals that the large land farms had the highest per farm power availability (42.62kW) followed by medium (30.66kW) and small (10.16kW) farms, which were statistically different (p<0.05) from one another. In the case of wheat cultivation, the mechanical power accounted for 43.5 per cent of the total cost on small farms in comparison to a smaller proportion in case of medium (41.9 %) and large (41.4 %) farms, which could be attributed to the fact that small farmers had to hire the machinery, which reflects itself in terms of use of mechanical power, although hiring costs have been adjusted to incorporate the effect of labour cost involved. The mechanization index (MI) for wheat and paddy crop was found to be 0.75 and 0.42 respectively. The agronomic productivity of wheat has been recorded as 19.21 quintals per acre with no significant difference (p<0.05) observed within the size group of farmers. Same was the case with paddy productivity, which was observed at 29.75 quintals on an overall level. The effect of significantly lower power availability at the disposal of small farms was more than offset by the higher mechanization index, indicating higher farm power utilization and left no detrimental effect on productivity, economic as well as agronomic. The study conclusively established that inspite of significantly lower level of farm power availability, the small farmers were not at disadvantageous position as they could be at par with their counterparts with larger holdings in terms of farm power utilisation by virtue of facility of custom hiring of farm machinery.ThesisItem Open Access Studying variation among Eucalyptus clones for growth traits, flowering, and tolerance to gall wasp (Leptocybe Invasa)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Akashdeep Singh; Dhillon, G.P.S.Clonal Eucalyptus is the widely adopted by farmers of North-Western India and provides raw material for plywood and paper industries. The present study entitled “Studying variation among Eucalyptus clones for growth traits, flowering and tolerance to gall wasp Leptocybe invasa” was conducted at Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, by recording observations on 3 year old clonal trial, to investigate variation among the fourteen clones for various growth traits, flowering behaviour and incidence of gall wasp. In this study, clone C-413, C-407 and PE-11 were found to be promising ones from growth point of view, whereas, clone PE-11, C-413, C-72 and C-407 were superior in stem quality traits. Profused flowering were recorded in clone PE-7, PE-8 and PE-9, and nil flowering was in case of C-72, PE-12 and PE-14. In clone C-413 and C-407, floral buds were noticed but blossoming did not occurred. The highest honey bee visitation was recorded during afternoon session and maximum visitation on clone PE-9. The maximum incidence was recorded in F-316 and relatively lowest incidence was in case of clone C-413, PE-11, PE-14 and C-72. Gall incidence was recorded to be the highest in the month of April and starts to decrease from May to December and gradually increased January to April. The content of total soluble sugars and total phenol were found higher in the infested leaves whereas the protein content were found higher in the healthy leaves. Clones C-413 and PE-11 were found to be promising ones on basis of combined index score analysis and followed by C-72.