Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour established on 5th August, 2010 is a basic and strategic institution supporting more than 500 researchers and educationist towards imparting education at graduate and post graduate level, conducting basic, strategic, applied and adaptive research activities, ensuring effective transfer of technologies and capacity building of farmers and extension personnel. The university has 6 colleges (5 Agriculture and 1 Horticulture) and 12 research stations spread in 3 agro-ecological zones of Bihar. The University also has 21 KVKS established in 20 of the 25 districts falling under the jurisdiction of the University. The degree programmes of the university and its colleges have been accredited by ICAR in 2015-16. The university is also an ISO 9000:2008 certified organisation with International standard operating protocols for maintaining highest standards in teaching, research, extension and training.VisionThe Bihar Agricultural University was established with the objective of improving quality of life of people of state especially famers constituting more than two third of the population. Having set ultimate goal of benefitting society at large, the university intends to achieve it by imparting word-class need based agricultural education, research, extension and public service.
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Browsing Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour by Author "Ahmad, M. Feza"
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ThesisItem Open Access Estimation of genetic diversity of Jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels) grown in Bihar(Department of Horticulture (Pomology), BAU, Sabour, 2022) Kumar, Santosh; Ahmad, M. FezaJamun is an important minor fruit crop, botanically known as Syzygium cuminii Skeels having chromosome number 2n=40 belongs to the family Myrtaceae, native to India. Because of the allogamous nature of fruits and the predominance of seed propagation, there is a great deal of variation in their appearance and physico-chemical characteristics. However, only a few elite lines have been identified, and there is little information on how to improve the Jamun fruit harvest. As a result, an attempt has been made to comprehend the scope of genetic variation and investigate genetic variation found in Jamun germplasm of Bihar for identifying the superior clone with special reference to using Test for Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability and by polymorphic molecular marker for commercial use. Title of the thesis : Estimation of genetic diversity of Jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels) grown in Bihar Name of the student : Santhosh Kumar Registration number : D/HORT-F/141/BAC/2017-18 Major subject : Horticulture (Pomology) Minor subject : Biochemistry and Cop Physiology Degree programme : Ph.D. (Ag.) Major Advisory Committee : Prof. M. Feza Ahmad An experiment was carried out at BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur, during 2020-21. "Wide range of variability was observed, among various morphological traits like tree height (8.26 -19.49 m), plant spread (5.15-9.74 m E-W direction & 5.30 -9.72 m N-S direction), canopy height (4.13-9.75 m), canopy volume (471.85-3857.60 m3), internodal length (4.44-7.48cm), Petiole length (1.25-2.57) leaf length (11.50-20.71 cm), leaf width (3.93-7.69 cm) and Leaf length: width ratio (1.71-3.76 cm), inflorescence length (12.98-16.18 cm), inflorescence diameter (3.68-6.65cm) and inflorescence length: diameter ratio (2.18- 4.04%) were observed during the study. Wide range of variability was observed in physical parameters of fruit also. The maximum fruit length (3.76 cm) was found in BK3, fruit breadth (2.37cm) in BK3, fruit size (8.92 cm2) in BK3, fruit weight 18.10 g) in BK3, Pulp content (81.19 %) in P1, Pulp weight (14.76 g) in BK3, Seed weight (3.54 g) in BK3 and Pulp seed ratio (5.00) in P1 while minimum fruit length (2.02cm) in BG3, fruit breadth (1.12 cm) in BG3, fruit size (2.27) BG3, fruit weight 5.82 g) in BG3, pulp content (67.97 %) in S1, pulp weight (4.48 g) in BG3, seed weight (1.14 g) in P5 and pulp seed ratio (2.40) were noted in S1. The maximum range of variability was found in number of panicle per tree i.e. 444 to 880, no. of fruits per panicle (11.16 to 37.61), Yield kg/panicle (0.08 to 0.31) and average yield/kg/tree (34.05- 395.50 kg) among all characters of jamun genotype. The wide range of variability was also observed in biochemical traits. Genotype BK3 was recorded highest TSS (14.780B), total sugar content (8.40 %) and total anthocyanin content (53.06 mg/100g). Genotype BG3 was maximum recorded titrable acidity (0.80%) and maximum Vit.C (44.48 mg/100g) was recorded in BK1 genotype. Dendogram Clusters based on ward’s minimum variance of 22 genotypes, A total of 11 clusters were formed among maximum number of genotypes were observed in cluster number (BK1, BG1, BK2, S3). UPGMA based on Euclidian dendrogram developed using similarity coefficient data among 22 genotype after RAPD analysis, total no. of cluster 3 but maximum no. of genotype where in cluster 1 & 2 while it was minimum in cluster 3. On the basis of molecular marker all the genotypes were diverse from each other. As per the Jaccard’s similarity co-efficient values, the genotypes BK3 and BG3 were found to be most distantly related (0.825) followed by BK3 and BG2 (0.811). Among all the 20 primers (RAPD) used during the study, only 10 primers showed polymorphism in which OPA-09 primer showed highest polymorphism. Whereas, the remaining were of monomorphism. The genotypes (BK3 & BG3) were observed to perform highest dissimilarity matrix i.e., 0.825. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the genotypes BK3 and P1 should be used as genetic material for varietal development and as a commercial variety.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of different banana genotypes for pomological characters and resistance against Fusarium wilt using molecular marker(Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), BAU, Sabour, 2017-01-12) Shrivatava, Piyush; Ahmad, M. FezaThis experiment has been conducted to study the genetic variability based on morphological and pomological characteristics of banana and phylogenetic analysis of various banana genotypes based on molecular markers against the Fusarium wilt during the year 2014-2016. As many as 28 genotypes viz. FHIA-23, Dwarf Cavendish, Gandevi Selection, Grand Naine, Jahaji, Lalkel, Robusta, Alpan, Bareli Chinia, Chinia, Chinia Ratwara, Doodhsagar, Kalibel, Marthman, Marthman Nemopur, Marthman Simra, Malbhog Barhari, Panchanan, Poovan, Rasthali, Bersain, Kanchkel, Kanthali, Kothia, Lambee, Panchabantha Battisa, Udhayam and Saba-8 were collected from R.A.U., Pusa for this study. Wide variation was found among different morphological as well as biochemical parameters like plant height (186.33-335.78 cm), girth (46.67-70.67 cm), number of leaves at shooting (9.67-16.76), leaf area (7.47-17.78 m2), duration from planting to shooting (266.17-343.0 days), duration from shooting to harvesting (109.60-135.16 days), bunch weight (8.75 - 21.25 kg), number of fingers per hand (9.16-15.33), number of fingers per bunch (80.78 – 147.03), fruit length (7.83-16.0 cm), fruit width (3.56-6.60 cm), fruit weight (72.35 - 214.17 g), peel thickness (1.07-3.58 mm), pulp: peel ratio (2.05 – 3.22), TSS (15.71-23.04 oBrix), acidity (0.339-0.419 %), total sugar (12.75- 18.43 %), starch (4.34-13.59 %), total phenol (13.67 - 36.80mg CE/100g), total flavonoids (0.0.87 – 4.39 mg CE/100 g), total antioxidant (0.76-4.04 micromole TE/g), ascorbic acid (10.3-25.0 mg/100g), Total carotenoids (2.06-4.80 mg/100g), dry matter content (19.49-25.31 %), potassium content (287.67-428.55 ppm) and calcium content (3.58-9.82 ppm). Significant genetic variability was found among the genotypes with respect to morphological and biochemical characters thus there is an ample scope for selection of promising genotypes. High heritability estimates for plant height, girth, bunch weight, no. of fingers per bunch, fruit length, fruit weight, peel thickness, starch content, total phenol, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, total antioxidant, potassium and calcium content which indicates that the traits under study had great scope for genetic improvement. Under screening of genotypes against Fusarium wilt based on rhizome discoloration index Grande Naine, Bersain, Poovan and Kanchkel were found to be resistant among all studied genotypes. The photosynthesis rate (µmol/m2/sec), stomatal conductance (µmol/m2/sec), internal CO2 concentration of leaf (ppm), transpiration rate (µmol/m2/sec) and relative water content of leaf showed decline in inoculated plants as compared to non-inoculated plants among most of the susceptible and tolerant genotypes however less decline and in few cases even increase was found in resistance genotypes. Along with this, the phenolics content in roots of resistant plants were also higher as compared to tolerant and susceptible plants. The genetic similarity coefficients obtained with RAPD markers ranged from 0.474 (between the genotypes Panchanan and Udhyam) to 0.961 (between Grand Naine and Gandevi Selection). Based on this, the obtained dendograme divided all the genotypes in two clusters having 12 and 16 genotypes. Primer OPA3 produced a specific band, which was present in Fusarium wilt susceptible genotypes. Therefore, this primer can be used further in such type of studies to detect genotypes susceptible to Fusarium wilt. Overall, in this experiment among all genotypes like Grand Naine, Kanchkel and Bersain were found to be high yielder along with resistance against Fusarium wilt whereas Malbhog Barahari, Chiniya, Chiniya Ratwara were found to be better in terms of biochemical parameters however these were susceptible to Fusarium wilt which shows that under Bihar conditions cultivation of genotypes like Grand Naine, Kanchkel and Bersain may prove much beneficial to growers.ThesisItem Open Access Mineral nutrient studies in papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady under alluvial soil of Bihar(Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), BAU, Sabour, 2019-11-25) Kumari, Pushpa; Ahmad, M. FezaAn experiment entitled “Mineral nutrient studies in papaya (Carica papaya L) cv. Red Lady under alluvial soil of Bihar” was conducted during 2016-18 at the experimental site of Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), BAC, Sabour to the main objective of the study was to verified effect of different source of fertilizers and its various doses on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics along with mineral nutrient uptake pattern during different growth stages of papaya. Treatments comprising three levels each of neem coated urea (0, 100 and 200 g/plant), calcium nitrate (0, 100 and 200 g/plant) and murate of potash (0, 200 and 400 g/plant) alone and its combination were taken under Randomised Block Design (factorial) with two replication. In each replication four plants has been considered as an experimental unit. In another experiment, three harvesting time (7 A.M, 12 P.M and 5 P.M) under RBD were also chosen to evaluate the effect of harvesting time on postharvest shelf life of papaya fruits. Significant variation among physical and quality parameters, nutrient content of leaf petiole and fruit at different developmental stages of papaya was observed. The vegetative parameters like plant height, stem thickness and no. of leaves/plant increased as the duration of planting increases, but the growth was faster at 3rd to 6th month of planting. After 7 month of planting, plant height, stem thickness and no. of leaves/plant varies from 99.34 to 103.05 cm; 67.91 to 76.90 mm & 18.55 to 20.89 for individual application and93.97 to 109.67 cm; 66.99 to 84.93 mm & 16.74 to 22.31 respectively due to interaction of these fertilizer sources. The total no. of flowers per plant increased significantly as the level of fertilizer increases alone (19.33-21.53) and its combination (18.00-22.29). From this study, we found that no. of fruits increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen and potash doses (14.97 to 18.14). Fruit weight increased up to 100 g dose of nitrogen then decreased at higher dose (200 g); however, it increased with the increase of potash level from 0 to 400g during both the year (0.896-0.928 kg and 0.890-0.956 kg respectively). Fruit yield varies from 13.79- 17.22 kg/plant and 16.10 - 19.41 kg/plant in 1st and 2nd year respectively. The quality parameters viz., TSS and carotenoid content of fruits were found significant in alone (7.77-8.88 °B and 2.29 - 2.67 mg/100g, respectively) and combination of nitrogen and potash (7.28 - 9.00 °B and 1.75 - 2.94 mg/100g, respectively). Acidity content of fruit varies from 0.33-0.35 %. Firmness of fruit varies from 8.81- 9.57 kg/cm2in alone application of all these fertilizers. Nitrogen content of leaf petiole (1.48-1.87 %) increased with the increase of nitrogen and potash level; however, phosphorus (0.19 % - 0.23 %) and potash (2.01 % - 2.44 %) content of leaf petiole increased only up to 100 g concentration and then decreased in 200 g of applied nitrogen. Similarly, calcium and magnesium content of papaya petiole decreased as the levels of neem coated urea increased (1.31 % - 1.23 % and 0.63 % - 0.59 %) but their content increased with increasing levels of MOP (1.21 % - 1.31 % and 0.58 % - 0.63 %, respectively). The zinc and copper content of leaf petiole increased up to 100 g neem coated urea and then decreased at higher dose (200 g) whereas, Zn and Cu content increased with the increase of CaNO3 and MOP level (19.19 - 20.75 ppm and 2.44 - 2.93 ppm, respectively). The iron and manganese content of petiole increased continuously with increasing levels of neem coated urea increases (30.76 - 43.01 ppm and 17.15 - 20.39 ppm); whereas, Fe and Mn content increased only up to 100 g of CaNO3 and 200 g dose of MOP. Similarly, the nutrient content of fruit at different growth stages from fruit set to ripening was recorded. Nitrogen and potash content decreased from fruit set (0.48 % and 2.02 %) to maturity stage (0.21 % and 1.81 %) and then again increased at ripening stage (1.33 % and 1.96 %) respectively. Similar pattern was observed for iron content in the fruit. However, the phosphorus content increased up to maturity (0.41 % to 0.58 %) and then decreased at ripening stage (0.29 %). The calcium content in the fruit fall drastically from fruit set to maturity (1.54 % - 0.16 %) and then increased at ripening stage (0.51 %). However, magnesium, zinc, manganese and copper content of fruit decreased continuously from fruit set to ripening. Data related to quality parameters of harvested fruit at different time of the day and storage at ambient condition were varied significantly. The TSS content of fruit ranged from (8.48 to 9.95 °Brix), acidity (0.25 % to 0.29 %), TSS-Acidity ratio (30.27 to 38.25), PLW, (15.12 % to 19.81 %) and fruit volume (517 to 822 ml) at 9th day of storage. Whereas, ascorbic acid content varies between 26.62 - 54.47 mg/100 g, phenol, 143.63 - 178.05 mg GAE/100g FW and carotenoid, 3.13 - 4.46 mg/100 g at 9th days of storage. The highest fruit firmness (7.20 kg/cm2) recordedat 5 PM and lowest (4.88 kg/cm2) at 12 P.M. Out of three levels of two nitrogenous fertilizers, calcium nitrate was found significantly superior over neem coated urea. Among different combinations, calcium nitrate @ 200g along with 100g neem coated urea showed best result. Interaction of neem coated urea @ 200 g, CaNO3 @ 100 g and MOP @ 400g showed best among different combination in governing the plant morphology. Among the different harvest time 5 PM harvested fruit show overall good in preserving antioxidant properties and quality of fruit for longer duration. After 6th days of storage fruit losses its market value due to loss of moisture firmness and appearance.The findings of these research might be beneficial for farmer to give optimum doses of nitrogen and potash at proper growth stage, and harvest the fruit at optimum time of the day, so that plant produce optimum yield and quality fruit with maximum storage life after harvesting.ThesisItem Open Access Rapid multiplication of banana cv. ‘Grand Naine’ through tissue culture(Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), BAU, Sabour, 2016-07) Kumar, Ravi; Ahmad, M. FezaBanana is generally propagated vegetatively through suckers, which grow from lateral buds originating from corms and suckers. Suckers are used for production of individual plants. In some instances, complete or separated corms with one or several buds may be used. This process is very slow as the rate of multiplication of suckers through conventional vegetative means has been found to express several negative impacts which include transmission of diseases, low production and poor preservation of original plant genetic material. Further one banana plant produces only five to ten suckers in a year depending upon the variety and grow more slowly and produce smaller bunches. Quality planting material is the key for successful production of banana and tissue culture is an excellent option for producing low cost quality planting material. The rapid proliferation obtained in tissue culture allows nurserymen to meet an unexpected demand for a particular variety. Keeping in view the importance of tissue culture technology in banana an experiment was carried out on “Rapid multiplication of banana cv. ‘Grand Naine’ through tissue culture”. One of the most commonly encountered problems in in vitro culture establishment is the contamination. The efficiency of sterilizing agents was evaluated in terms of maximum aseptic explants sprout. The contamination significantly decreased with increase in concentration of sterilants and their time of exposure. MS media supplemented with 2,4-D 2.0 mg /l+ NAA 0.1 mg/l was found most effective for callus formation. Addition of cytokinin alone or in combination with auxins was found essential during shoot proliferation and multiplication. BAP 3.0 mg l-1 + NAA 1.0 mg l-1 was found most effective with regard to number of days (22.2) required for shoot induction and length of shoots ( 7.0 cm) where as maximum number of shoots (4.8) was achieved with BAP 4.0 mg l-1 + IAA 0.1 mg l-1. Half strength MS media with IBA 1.5 mg l-1 was found significantly higher over all other auxin treatments for various rooting parameters. Grand Naine plantlets obtained through in vitro propagation exhibited highest 80 percent survival in coco peat during acclimatization.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on boron nutrition in relation to yield and quality attributes of banana cv. Grand Naine(Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), BAU, Sabour, 2018-06-19) Singh, Ravindra Kumar; Ahmad, M. FezaThe aim of present investigation was to test the efficiency of soil and foliar application of boron in relation to growth, yield and quality of Grand Naine banana in main as well as ratoon crop. Soil application comprised of four boron levels (Control, 2.5, 5 and 7.5kg ha-1) whereas foliar application involved five levels of solubor viz. 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%. All levels of boron and solubor were applied separately in 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th month after planting in main crop while in 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th month after planting in ratoon crop. All data were subjected to RBD factorial analysis which showed significant influence of soil application of 7.5kg ha-1 boron on different yield related characters like fingers/hand (20.28), fingers/bunch (145.13), finger weight (178.66g), bunch weight (21.65kg) and yield (54.13ton ha-1) which is attributed to its positive impact on plant characters like number of leaves (13.50), leaf area (0.92m2), days to maturity (89.58) and total crop duration (366.33days) as well as higher uptake of different nutrients from soil, clearly evident in terms of leaf N (2.57%), P (0.154%), K (3.57%), Mg (0.320%) and B (40.39ppm) content. Similar influence of boron application was observed in ratoon crop also though with 5kg ha-1 as a significant reduction in growth and yield was recorded at higher level. Further, application of 7.5kg ha-1 boron in 7th month and 5kg ha-1 boron in fifth month improved post harvest life and quality of fruits maintaining higher TSS and sugars content, minimum loss in fruit weight, ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavanoids and total chlorophyll content along with faster starch degradation during storage study of nine days in main and ratoon crop, respectively. No significant influence of application time individually or through its interaction with different boron levels was observed on growth, yield or leaf nutrient content. Foliar application of 0.4% solubor also caused significant improvement in number of green leaves (13.25) and leaf area (0.8m2) with minimum days required for fruit maturity (92.46) and crop duration (369.63days) which subsequently resulted in positive yield response (47.72ton ha-1) with significant influence on finger weight (170.14g), fingers/hand (18.42), fingers/bunch (130.13) and bunch weight (19.09kg). This yield improvement was also contributed by higher concentration of leaf N (2.49%), P (0.140%), K (3.60%), Mg (0.284%) and B (46.23ppm) caused by foliar application of boron in main crop. Application of 0.4% solubor was most effective in ratoon crop also maintaining higher growth and quality like main crop, influence of application time and its interaction with different levels of solubor yielded no significant response in terms of growth, yield or quality of Grand Naine banana. Besides, application of 0.4% solubor in eight month also maintained higher level of TSS, sugars ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavanoids and total chlorophyll content along with minimum %PLW and titrable acidity and higher starch degradation during storage period of nine days thereby providing quality fruits with better post harvest life in main crop. In ratoon crop by 0.4% solubor applied in sixth month exerted similar response on fruit quality and post harvest life. Finally, as per results of present study soil application of boron @ 7.5kg ha-1 in main crop while 5kg ha-1 in ratoon crop surpassed foliar application ensuring higher growth, yield, leaf nutrient content as well as fruit quality.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on boron nutrition in relation to yield and quality attributes of banana cv. Grand Naine(Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), BAU, Sabour, 2018-06) Singh, Ravindra Kumar; Ahmad, M. FezaThe aim of present investigation was to test the efficiency of soil and foliar application of boron in relation to growth, yield and quality of Grand Naine banana in main as well as ratoon crop. Soil application comprised of four boron levels (Control, 2.5, 5 and 7.5kg ha-1) whereas foliar application involved five levels of solubor viz. 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%. All levels of boron and solubor were applied separately in 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th month after planting in main crop while in 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th month after planting in ratoon crop. All data were subjected to RBD factorial analysis which showed significant influence of soil application of 7.5kg ha-1 boron on different yield related characters like fingers/hand (20.28), fingers/bunch (145.13), finger weight (178.66g), bunch weight (21.65kg) and yield (54.13ton ha-1) which is attributed to its positive impact on plant characters like number of leaves (13.50), leaf area (0.92m2), days to maturity (89.58) and total crop duration (366.33days) as well as higher uptake of different nutrients from soil, clearly evident in terms of leaf N (2.57%), P (0.154%), K (3.57%), Mg (0.320%) and B (40.39ppm) content. Similar influence of boron application was observed in ratoon crop also though with 5kg ha-1 as a significant reduction in growth and yield was recorded at higher level. Further, application of 7.5kg ha-1 boron in 7th month and 5kg ha-1 boron in fifth month improved post harvest life and quality of fruits maintaining higher TSS and sugars content, minimum loss in fruit weight, ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavanoids and total chlorophyll content along with faster starch degradation during storage study of nine days in main and ratoon crop, respectively. No significant influence of application time individually or through its interaction with different boron levels was observed on growth, yield or leaf nutrient content. Foliar application of 0.4% solubor also caused significant improvement in number of green leaves (13.25) and leaf area (0.8m2) with minimum days required for fruit maturity (92.46) and crop duration (369.63days) which subsequently resulted in positive yield response (47.72ton ha-1) with significant influence on finger weight (170.14g), fingers/hand (18.42), fingers/bunch (130.13) and bunch weight (19.09kg). This yield improvement was also contributed by higher concentration of leaf N (2.49%), P (0.140%), K (3.60%), Mg (0.284%) and B (46.23ppm) caused by foliar application of boron in main crop. Application of 0.4% solubor was most effective in ratoon crop also maintaining higher growth and quality like main crop, influence of application time and its interaction with different levels of solubor yielded no significant response in terms of growth, yield or quality of Grand Naine banana. Besides, application of 0.4% solubor in eight month also maintained higher level of TSS, sugars ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavanoids and total chlorophyll content along with minimum %PLW and titrable acidity and higher starch degradation during storage period of nine days thereby providing quality fruits with better post harvest life in main crop. In ratoon crop by 0.4% solubor applied in sixth month exerted similar response on fruit quality and post harvest life. Finally, as per results of present study soil application of boron @ 7.5kg ha-1 in main crop while 5kg ha-1 in ratoon crop surpassed foliar application ensuring higher growth, yield, leaf nutrient content as well as fruit quality.