Mineral nutrient studies in papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady under alluvial soil of Bihar
Loading...
Files
Date
2019-11-25
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), BAU, Sabour
Abstract
An experiment entitled “Mineral nutrient studies in papaya (Carica papaya L) cv. Red Lady under alluvial soil of Bihar” was conducted during 2016-18 at the experimental site of Department of Horticulture (Fruit & Fruit Technology), BAC, Sabour to the main objective of the study was to verified effect of different source of fertilizers and its various doses on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics along with mineral nutrient uptake pattern during different growth stages of papaya. Treatments comprising three levels each of neem coated urea (0, 100 and 200 g/plant), calcium nitrate (0, 100 and 200 g/plant) and murate of potash (0, 200 and 400 g/plant) alone and its combination were taken under Randomised Block Design (factorial) with two replication. In each replication four plants has been considered as an experimental unit. In another experiment, three harvesting time (7 A.M, 12 P.M and 5 P.M) under RBD were also chosen to evaluate the effect of harvesting time on postharvest shelf life of papaya fruits. Significant variation among physical and quality parameters, nutrient content of leaf petiole and fruit at different developmental stages of papaya was observed. The vegetative parameters like plant height, stem thickness and no. of leaves/plant increased as the duration of planting increases, but the growth was faster at 3rd to 6th month of planting. After 7 month of planting, plant height, stem thickness and no. of leaves/plant varies from 99.34 to 103.05 cm; 67.91 to 76.90 mm & 18.55 to 20.89 for individual application and93.97 to 109.67 cm; 66.99 to 84.93 mm & 16.74 to 22.31 respectively due to interaction of these fertilizer sources. The total no. of flowers per plant increased significantly as the level of fertilizer increases alone (19.33-21.53) and its combination (18.00-22.29). From this study, we found that no. of fruits increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen and potash doses (14.97 to 18.14). Fruit weight increased up to 100 g dose of nitrogen then decreased at higher dose (200 g); however, it increased with the increase of potash level from 0 to 400g during both the year (0.896-0.928 kg and 0.890-0.956 kg respectively). Fruit yield varies from 13.79- 17.22 kg/plant and 16.10 - 19.41 kg/plant in 1st and 2nd year respectively. The quality parameters viz., TSS and carotenoid content of fruits were found significant in alone (7.77-8.88 °B and 2.29 - 2.67 mg/100g, respectively) and combination of nitrogen and potash (7.28 - 9.00 °B and 1.75 - 2.94 mg/100g, respectively). Acidity content of fruit varies from 0.33-0.35 %. Firmness of fruit varies from 8.81- 9.57 kg/cm2in alone application of all these fertilizers.
Nitrogen content of leaf petiole (1.48-1.87 %) increased with the increase of nitrogen and potash level; however, phosphorus (0.19 % - 0.23 %) and potash (2.01 % - 2.44 %) content of leaf petiole increased only up to 100 g concentration and then decreased in 200 g of applied nitrogen. Similarly, calcium and magnesium content of papaya petiole decreased as the levels of neem coated urea increased (1.31 % - 1.23 % and 0.63 % - 0.59 %) but their content increased with increasing levels of MOP (1.21 % - 1.31 % and 0.58 % - 0.63 %, respectively). The zinc and copper content of leaf petiole increased up to 100 g neem coated urea and then decreased at higher dose (200 g) whereas, Zn and Cu content increased with the increase of CaNO3 and MOP level (19.19 - 20.75 ppm and 2.44 - 2.93 ppm, respectively). The iron and manganese content of petiole increased continuously with increasing levels of neem coated urea increases (30.76 - 43.01 ppm and 17.15 - 20.39 ppm); whereas, Fe and Mn content increased only up to 100 g of CaNO3 and 200 g dose of MOP.
Similarly, the nutrient content of fruit at different growth stages from fruit set to ripening was recorded. Nitrogen and potash content decreased from fruit set (0.48 % and 2.02 %) to maturity stage (0.21 % and 1.81 %) and then again increased at ripening stage (1.33 % and 1.96 %) respectively. Similar pattern was observed for iron content in the fruit. However, the phosphorus content increased up to maturity (0.41 % to 0.58 %) and then decreased at ripening stage (0.29 %). The calcium content in the fruit fall drastically from fruit set to maturity (1.54 % - 0.16 %) and then increased at ripening stage (0.51 %). However, magnesium, zinc, manganese and copper content of fruit decreased continuously from fruit set to ripening.
Data related to quality parameters of harvested fruit at different time of the day and storage at ambient condition were varied significantly. The TSS content of fruit ranged from (8.48 to 9.95 °Brix), acidity (0.25 % to 0.29 %), TSS-Acidity ratio (30.27 to 38.25), PLW, (15.12 % to 19.81 %) and fruit volume (517 to 822 ml) at 9th day of storage. Whereas, ascorbic acid content varies between 26.62 - 54.47 mg/100 g, phenol, 143.63 - 178.05 mg GAE/100g FW and carotenoid, 3.13 - 4.46 mg/100 g at 9th days of storage. The highest fruit firmness (7.20 kg/cm2) recordedat 5 PM and lowest (4.88 kg/cm2) at 12 P.M.
Out of three levels of two nitrogenous fertilizers, calcium nitrate was found significantly superior over neem coated urea. Among different combinations, calcium nitrate @ 200g along with 100g neem coated urea showed best result. Interaction of neem coated urea @ 200 g, CaNO3 @ 100 g and MOP @ 400g showed best among different combination in governing the plant morphology. Among the different harvest time 5 PM harvested fruit show overall good in preserving antioxidant properties and quality of fruit for longer duration. After 6th days of storage fruit losses its market value due to loss of moisture firmness and appearance.The findings of these research might be beneficial for farmer to give optimum doses of nitrogen and potash at proper growth stage, and harvest the fruit at optimum time of the day, so that plant produce optimum yield and quality fruit with maximum storage life after harvesting.