District wise water balance studies using climatic approach in marathwada region
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Date
2022-11-30
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Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani
Abstract
The research work was conducted on ‘District wise water balance studies using climatic approach in Marathwada region.’ The daily rainfall and other weather parameter data for 30 year period (1991-2020) was collected from Department of Agricultural Meteorology, VNMKV, Parbhani, WALMI, Aurangabad, Department of Agriculture, Government of Maharashtra, IMD, Pune and NASA data supply (power.larc.nasa.gov). The rainfall and PET data was analyzed statistically and different statistical parameters like mean, median, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, coefficient of skewness were worked out. The weekly potential evapotranspiration (PET) values were estimated by the Penman-Monteith method and water balance components were determined by Thornthwaite’s book-keeping technique.
Mean annual rainfall of Marathwada region is 769.1 mm. Mean maximum rainfall was found in Nanded district with 879.2 mm and minimum in Beed district with 698.0 mm respectively. Mean annual PET of Marathwada region is 1529.5 mm. Maximum PET was found in Parbhani district with 1749.9 mm and minimum PET received at Jalna 1440.0 mm respectively.
The highest moisture availability index (MAI) was found during rainy season and it decrease subsequently in all districts. The value of moisture availability index was high or more than 0.70 during 24th to 42th SMW at this time there is no moisture stress. The MAI value for 44th to 52nd SMW is 0.20-0.70 at that time moderate stress occur and crop require 2-3 irrigation. The value of MAI is lowest or less than 0.20 at 3rd to 22nd SMW when irrigation is required to crops. February to May month MAI value is less than 0.20 at that time moisture stress was very high. After rainy season, i.e. October to January month there is moderate stress occurred and crop require 2-3 irrigations. And June to the end of September there is no moisture stress.
From the weekly water balance components, it was found that out of 52 SMW almost 36 standard meteorological weeks (39th to 52nd and 1st to 23rd) are water deficit weeks. In 29th to 46th SMW available soil moisture is high which are excellent for crop growth and 43rd to 49th SMW are good for crop growth. While crops are under highly stress in 3rd to 22nd SMW because at that time available soil moisture is very less.
It is concluded that the 24th to 39th SMW was found with good moisture storage at 200 mm and 250 mm water holding capacity in soil. This signifies that the surplus water in 24th and 39th SMW to satisfy for crop growth and development. The water deficit weeks require irrigation facilities for agricultural practice in the study area. 6th to 23rd SMW are the weeks of maximum water deficit and require irrigation to crops. Only 3 months July, August and September have available soil moisture or moisture availability index is higher in soil and that water is more useful for kharif crops like cotton, red gram, and soybean. These water deficit months require irrigation for agricultural production in Marathwada region of Maharashtra.