EFFICACY OF CAMPYLOPHAGES AND SELECTED PHYTOCHEMICALS IN THE CONTROL OF CAMPYLOBACTER BIOFILMS
| dc.contributor.advisor | Dr. B. Sunil | |
| dc.contributor.author | VIVEKANANDHAN R | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-05-15T15:43:00Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-05-15T15:43:00Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-03-23 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne disease. Campylobacter spp. are found as commensals in the intestines of a wide variety of animals, particularly pigs utilised for food production. The present study was undertaken to analyse the efficacy of campylophages and selected phytochemicals in the control of campylobacter biofilms. A total of 130 samples including 40 samples each of faecal and rectal swabs and sewage (n=50) were collected from the two unorganised pig farms. An overall occurrence of 26.15 per cent with higher isolation from rectal swabs (57.5 per cent) than faecal and sewage samples (25 per cent and two per cent) were observed. In both the farms, no effective biosecurity measures were followed. In pork processing line, a total of 80 samples including 20 each of carcass swabs, cutting board swabs, knife swabs and sewage samples were collected. An overall occurrence of 12.5 per cent was observed. All the isolates were subjected to biofilm forming ability at three different temperatures 42℃ (10 per cent CO2 condition), 37℃ & 25℃ (aerobic condition) and compared with two media (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) & Muller Hinton Broth (MHB)). Strong biofilm formers were predominant in aerobic condition at 37℃& 25℃ incubated in MHB. Weak biofilm formers were more on stainless steel and nylon fibre. Carvacrol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, ethanolic extract of citrus by-product and bleaching powder had minimum biofilm inhibition concentration of 0.078 mg/mL, 0.156 mg/mL, 0.156 mg/mL, 0.321 mg/mL and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Trans-cinnamaldehyde significantly (p<0.001) inhibited 99.39 per cent biofilm formation by the campylobacter isolates on polystyrene surface at MBIC of 0.156 mg/mL. Citrus by-product ethanolic extract significantly (p<0.001) inhibited 99.43 per cent biofilm formation by the campylobacter isolates on stainless steel surface at MBIC of 0.312 mg/mL.Carvacrol significantly (p<0.001) inhibited 97.80 per cent biofilm formation by the campylobacter isolates on nylon fibre surfaces at MBIC of 0.078 mg/mL. Carvacrol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, ethanolic extract of citrus by-product and bleaching powder had minimum biofilm inactivation concentration of 0.312mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL, respectively. Trans cinnamaldehyde inactivated 21.49, 57.89 and 95.92 per cent pre-formed biofilms by campylobacter isolates after 2, 5, 10 min of exposure, respectively at MBIAC of 2.5 mg/mL on polystyrene surface. Eugenol significantly (p<0.001) inactivated 53.79, 70.87 and 98.90 per cent pre-formed biofilms by campylobacter isolates after 2, 5, 10 min of exposure, respectively on stainless steel surface at MBIAC of 1.25 mg/mL. Trans-cinnamaldehyde significantly (p<0.001) inactivated 87.71, 93.9 and 99.15 per cent pre-formed biofilms by campylobacter isolates after 2, 5, 10 min of exposure, respectively on nylon fibre surface at MBIAC of 2.5 mg/mL. Three campylophages were isolated from sewage samples of farm B. Phage 2 and 3 were characterised as Siphoviridae and phage 5 was as Myoviridae by transmission electron microscope. Phage 5 inactivated 30.3 per cent, 30.55 per cent and 29.60 per cent pre-formed biofilms of campylobacter isolates on polystyrene, stainless steel and nylon fibre surface after 24 h of exposure, respectively. Campylophages were effective in inactivating pre-formed biofilms by the isolates which were lysed by the phages. Campylophages were not effective in inactivating biofilms formed by the campylobacter isolates which did not show lytic activity. Cost analysis showed citrus by-product extract as cost effective (Rs 0.41/L) than other phytochemicals. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810209035 | |
| dc.keywords | EFFICACY OF CAMPYLOPHAGES AND SELECTED PHYTOCHEMICALS IN THE CONTROL OF CAMPYLOBACTER BIOFILMS | |
| dc.keywords | CAMPYLOPHAGES | |
| dc.keywords | PHYTOCHEMICALS | |
| dc.keywords | CAMPYLOBACTER BIOFILMS | |
| dc.language.iso | English | |
| dc.pages | 240 | |
| dc.publisher | COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY | |
| dc.research.problem | Isolation of Campylobacter spp. and assessment of biofilm forming ability of the isolates ,Isolation and identification of campylobacter specific phages , Determine the inactivation potential of the bacteriophage against campylobacter biofilms , Study the efficacy of phytochemicals in inhibiting and inactivating the biofilms | |
| dc.sub | Veterinary Public Health | |
| dc.theme | Eficacy of campylophages and selected phytochemicals in the control of campylobacter biofilms | |
| dc.these.type | Ph.D | |
| dc.title | EFFICACY OF CAMPYLOPHAGES AND SELECTED PHYTOCHEMICALS IN THE CONTROL OF CAMPYLOBACTER BIOFILMS | |
| dc.type | Thesis |