STUDY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF FOUR BREEDS OF CHICKEN AND THEIR CROSSBREDS UP TO 8 WEEKS OF AGE SUITABLE FOR BACKYARD FARMING
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Date
2012
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
The present study was designed to study growth performance of four breeds, Red Cornish, Sussex, Rhode Island Red and Color Broiler chicken along with growth performance in their crossbred progenies suitable for rural fanning. The crossbred progenies were produced by full diallel crossing between these four breeds in order to obtain both direct and reciprocal crossbred progenies. Thus, total sixteen genetic groups including twelve crossbreds and four purebreds were produced with an objective to evaluate growth performance in the next generation. The following traits were studied i.e. Growth traits (Body weight and body weight gain). Feed consumption traits (Feed Consumption & Feed Conversion Ratio), Fertility (%) and Hatchability (%) traits, Livability (%), Carcass traits. Heterosis, Economics in terms of Return Over Feed Cost and European Performance Efficiency Index. Amongst pure breds, body weight (g) in Red Comish at day old, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th weeks of age were 40.38 ± 0.49, 68.39 ± 1.78, 115.24 ± 4.86, 193.87 ± 8.52, 285.66 ± 11.8, 420.06 ± 15.94, 507.67 ± 16.62, 659.83 ± 19.63 and 890.09 ± 23.04 g, respectively. Similarly, it was 41.18 ± 0.40. 66.36 ± 1.6, 117.53 ± 3.66, 184.32 ±5.95, 294.06 ± 10.62, 451.53 ± 15.04, 595.8 ± 17.28, 793.29 ± 25.34, 1107.23 ± 33.68 g, respectively in Sussex, while in RIR it was 36.29 ± 0.59, 67.54 ± 1.38, 117.29 ± 2.35, 173.25 ± 4.03, 233.10 ± 5.33, 303.94 ± 7.15, 393.73 ± 9.24, 489.77 ± 11.24 and 627.69 ± 13.07 g, respectively, whereas as in Colored Broiler, 44.21 ± 0.62, 77.52 ± 1.46, 145.15 ± 3.43, 283.40 ± 7.18, 462.12 ± 13.12, 636.96 ± 16.3, 921.43 ± 22.54, 1189.71 ± 26.65 and 1448.9 ± 33.62 g, respectively. The body weight at all the weeks of age was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Colored Broiler. All the breed groups differ significantly (P < 0.05) for body weight at all the stages of growth. Among crossbred progenies, body weight (g) ranged at day old, 33.54± 0.36 g (BxRIR) to 45.52 ± 0.56 g (SxB ), at 1''week 57.96 ± 1.23 g (BxRIR) to 72.77 ± 1.30 g (BxRC), at 2nd week 97.38 ± 2.60 (RIR x S) g to 139.84 ± 3.80 g (BxRC), at 3rd week 166.22 ± 4.80 g (RIRxS) to 253.64 ± 8.17 g in (BxRC), at 4th week of age, 250.28 ± 7.76 g (RIRxS) to SxB (443.54 ± 10.66 g), at 5th week 340.26 ± 11.01 g (RIRxS ) to 629.02 ± 17.64 g (SxB) cross, at 6th week, 452.29 ± 13.96 g (RCxRIR) to 816.3 ± 19.98 g (SxB), at 7th week 563.03 ± 16.42 g (RCxRIR) to 1075.90 ± 24.73 g (SxB), and at 8th week , 721.94 ± 20.69 g (RCxRIR) to 1400.80 :c 31.19 g (SxB). The average body weight gain during 0-8 wk (1404.61 ± 33.40 g) period was higher in Colored Broiler as compare to other breds while lowest body weight gain observed in RIR . Amongst cross breds, SxB found significantly higher body weight gain almost at all stages i.e. BWGo-4 (398.04 ± 10.44 g), BWG4-8 (957.33 ± 26.02 g) and BWGo-8 (1355.38 ±31.02 g) while RIRxS had lowest body weight gain during BWGo-4 ( 208.95 ± 7.70) and BWG4-8 RCxRIR had (466.59 ± 15.06 g ) and BWGo-8. (683.44 ± 20.56 g) in comparison to other cross breds in different stages The total feed consumption in pure breds found to be lowest by RIR, during 0-4, 4-8 and 0-8 weeks period and highest by Colored Broiler during whole experimental period. Among crossbred progenies, lowest TFC was observed in RIRxS cross during 0-4 and in RCxRIR cross during 4-8, 0-8 week's period. Whereas, the higher feed consumption was observed by RlRxRC cross during 0-4 and 0-8 weeks, while SxRC during 4-8 weeks. It was observed that FCR was best in Colored Broiler during 0-4, 4-8 and 0-8 weeks i.e. 1.67 ± 0.07, 2.05 ± 0.06 and 1.85 ± 0.04, respectively while it was observed poor in RER. breed. In cross breds, FCR was best in SxB cross during 0-4 and 0-8 weeks i.e. 2.16 ± 0.06 and 2.06 ± 0.04 while 4-8 week best in BxRC, while poor in RCxRIR cross during 0-4 wk, 3.44 ± 0.15 and RlRxRC during 4-8, 0-8 weeks i.e., 3.59 ± 0.10 and 3.38 ± 0.07. Overall FCR for 0-8 week's period was found to be best in SxB (2.06 ± 0.04) and poor in RIRxRC (3.38 ± 0.07) crosses. Among pure breds, fertility was highest in S (96.50 %) and lowest in RIR (82.10 %).In cross breds, fertility (%) ranged from 72.20 (B xRiR) to 98.30 (SxRIR). The hatchability (%) among pure breds was ranged from 86.00 (B) to 92.90 (S) and 75.60 (RIR) to 89.70 (S) on FES basis and TES basis, respectively. The hatchability among crosshreds, on FES basis was ranged from 69.20 % (RlRxB) to 91.50 % (RCxS) whereas; on TES basis it was from 54.20 % (BxRIR) to 79.20 % (RCxS). During 0-8 weeks period highest livability was observed in B & S (98.0 %) and lowest by RC (92.0 %). Overall livability upto 8 weeks period in pure breed was 96.0 % among cross breds, RIRx S had shown highest livability (100.0 %) and it was lowest in RCxS and SxRC (94.0 %) upto 8 weeks of age. Overall livability (%) in crossbred were 97.16%. The dressing (%) found to be higher in Colored Broiler (70 %) and lowest in RIR (62 %) in pure breds. In cross breds, Cross of broiler breed with other shown higher dressing (%) as compared to cross of RIR Breed with other breeds. Dressing percentage in S xB found to be (70 %) and lowest found in RIR x RC (60.73%). Cost of TFC (0-8 weeks) per bird in pure breds was lower in RIR (Rs. 30.36) and higher in B (Rs. 41.68). Economics on the basis of ROFC was found to be highest in B (Rs. 45.20) and lowest in RIR (Rs. 7.25). Cost of TFC (0-8 weeks) per bird in cross breds was lower in RCxRIR and higher in RIRxRC i.e. Rs. 30.77 and Rs. 45.18, respectively. Economics on the basis of ROFC in cross bred was found to be higher in SxB (Rs. 40.66) and lower in RIRxRC (Rs. 6.00). The results revealed highest EPEI in SxB (119.00) and lowest in RIRxRC (43.29). The pooled over EPEI for various crossbreds was found to be 71.93. The positive heterosis was observed in crossing of RCxS, RCxB, SxRC, SxB, RIRxRC, RIRxS and RIRxB, Whereas BxRC, BxS, BxRIR, SxRIR, RCxRIR crosses showed negative heterosis. The maximum percent of heterosis was found to be in RIRxB (52.82 %) while BxRIR (-34.6 %) cross showed minimum heterosis. Overall , it was obsei-ved that SxB cross performed excellent with higher body weight and weight gain, better feed conversion efficiency, higher dressing percentage, higher EPEI value as well as higher ROFC. Hence, Sussex as male line and Colored Broiler as a female line yield better cross for excellent ecomomic crossbred suitable for rural poultry farming.
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Keywords
Poultry Science, A Study