INFLUENCE OF LEVELS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND BIOFERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD ATTRIBUTES, YIELD AND QUALITY OF RABI GREENGRAM (Vigna radiata L.) AND ITS RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUCCEEDING SUMMER MAIZE (Zea mays L.) UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS
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Date
2016
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at College Agronomy
Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University,
Anand, Gujarat during rabi and summer seasons of the years 2013-14
and 2014-15 to study the “Influence of levels of nitrogen, phosphorus
and biofertilizer on growth, yield attributes, yield and quality of rabi
greengram (Vigna radiata L.) and its residual effect on succeeding
summer maize (Zea mays L.) under middle Gujarat conditions”.
The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in
texture (locally known as Goradu soil) having good drainage with pH
7.85. The soil was low in available nitrogen, medium in available
phosphorous and high in available potash.
The experiment consisting of eighteen treatment
combinations comprising of three nitrogen levels such as N1: 10 kg
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N/ha, N2: 20 kg N/ha and N3: 30 kg N/ha, three phosphorus levels
such as P1: 20 kg P2O5/ha, P2: 30 kg P2O5/ha and P3: 40 kg P2O5/ha
and two biofertilizer levels such as B0: control and B1: Rhizobium +
PSB were tested under Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD)
with four replications. All the recommended agronomic practices were
followed for raising the crop during both the years of experimentation.
The results revealed that the different levels of nitrogen
did not exert their significant influence on plant population at 25 DAS
and at harvest.
Significantly higher plant height at 30 DAS (21.89 cm), 60
DAS (41.91 cm) and at harvest (51.25 cm), number of branches per
plant (4.73) and dry weight of root nodules per plant (26.82 mg) were
recorded under treatment N3 (30 kg N/ha) and it was remained at par
with treatment N2 (20 kg N/ha).
Application of nitrogen @ 30 kg/ha (N3) produced
significantly higher number of pods per plant (32.94) and test weight
(44.28 g) and remained at par with level N2 (20 kg N/ha). Different
levels of nitrogen did not exert their significant influence on number of
seeds per pod and pod length.
Among the different levels of nitrogen, treatment N3 (30 kg
N/ha) produced significantly higher seed (1219 kg/ha) and haulm
(2823 kg/ha) yields and it were remain at par with treatment N2 (20 kg
N/ha). Different levels of nitrogen did not exert their significant
influence on harvest index.
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Significantly maximum protein content (23.16%), nitrogen
and phosphorus content in seed and haulm as well as uptake by seed
and haulm were observed under the treatment N3 (30 kg N/ha) over
the rest of nitrogen levels.
The highest available nitrogen in soil was observed under
the treatment N3 (30 kg N/ha) (248.62 kg/ha) than N2 (20 kg N/ha)
and N1 (10 kg N/ha). Available phosphorus in soil after harvest of
greengram was not influenced significantly due to different levels of
nitrogen.
Plant population recorded at 25 DAS and at harvest were
non-significant due to levels of phosphorus.
Results revealed that different levels of phosphorus did
not show significant variation on plant height measured at 30 DAS,
but significantly higher plant height [at 60 DAS (41.77 cm) and
harvest (51.48 cm)], number of branches per plant (4.71) and it was
remained at par with P2 (30 kg P2O5/ha). Significantly the highest dry
weight of root nodules per plant (27.12 mg) were recorded under
treatment P3 (40 kg P2O5/ha).
Significantly the highest number of pods per plant (33.53)
and significantly higher test weight (44.36 g) were recorded under
treatment P3 (40 kg P2O5/ha), remained at par with P2 (30 kg
P2O5/ha). Different levels of phosphorus did not exert their significant
influence on number of seeds per pod and pod length.
Application of treatment P3 (40 kg P2O5/ha) recorded
significantly the highest seed (1240 kg/ha) and haulm (2863 kg/ha)
Abstract
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yields in pooled result. Different levels of phosphorus did not exert
their significant influence on harvest index.
Pooled results revealed that treatment P3 (40 kg P2O5/ha)
recorded significantly the highest protein content (22.56%), nitrogen
and phosphorus content in seed and haulm. Same results were
observed with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by seed and
haulm.
Significantly the highest values with respect to available
phosphorus (32.76 kg/ha) in soil was found under the treatment P3
(40 kg P2O5/ha) as compared to lower levels. But, different levels of
phosphorus did not show significant variation on available nitrogen in
soil.
The results indicated that effects of different levels of
biofertilizer on plant population recorded at 25 DAS and at harvest
were non-significant during both years and in pooled result.
Results revealed that biofertilizer did not show significant
influence on plant height measured at 30 DAS, but significantly the
highest plant height at 60 DAS (41.53 cm) and at harvest (50.82 cm)
were observed under treatment B1 (Rhizobium + PSB) over control.
Significantly the highest number of branches per plant (4.58) and dry
weight of root nodules per plant (27.15 mg) were recorded under the
same treatment.
Yield attributes i.e. number of pods per plant (32.76) and
test weight (43.60 g) were remarkably improved by biofertilizer
treatment. These values were recorded significantly the highest under
Abstract
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treatment B1 (Rhizobium + PSB) over the treatment B0 (without
Rhizobium + PSB). Pod length and number of seeds per pod did not
differ statistically due todifferent levels of biofertilizer.
Application of treatment B1 (Rhizobium + PSB) recorded
significantly the highest seed (1212 kg/ha) and haulm (2816 kg/ha)
yields as compared to treatment B0 (without Rhizobium + PSB). But,
different levels of biofertilizer did not show significant variation on
harvest index of greengram.
The biofertilizer treatment recorded significantly the
highest protein content (22.30%) in greengram seeds under treatment
B1 (Rhizobium + PSB). The highest values with respect of nitrogen and
phosphorus content in seed and haulm as well as nitrogen and
phosphorus uptake by seed and haulm was recorded under the same
treatment.
Available nitrogen in soil after harvest of greengram was
not influenced significantly due to biofertilizers. Application of
treatment B1 (Rhizobium + PSB) recorded significantly the highest
available phosphorus (30.82 kg/ha) in soil after harvest of greengram
on pooled basis.
Interactions between phosphorus and biofertilizer brought
out significant variations in dry weight of root nodules per plant,
number of pods per plant, seed yield, nitrogen uptake by haulm and
phosphorus uptake by seed and haulm. The interaction between
nitrogen and phosphorus also showed significant difference in case of
nitrogen content in haulm.
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Significantly the highest seed yield (1322 kg/ha) was
produced under the treatment combination of P3B1 (phosphorus @ 40
kg/ha + seed treatment of Rhizobium and soil application of PSB).
Whereas, significantly the lowest seed yield (998 kg/ha) was observed
under treatment combination P1B0.
Significantly the highest values with respect to grain
(2094 kg/ha) and stover (3868 kg/ha) yields of succeeding summer
maize were observed under residual effect of treatment N3 (30 kg
N/ha) applied to preceding greengram crop followed by treatments N2
(20 kg N/ha) and N1 (10 kg N/ha).
Residual effect of treatment P3 (40 kg P2O5/ha) recorded
significantly the highest grain (2080 kg/ha) and stover (3874kg/ha)
yields of succeeding summer maize over treatments P2 (30 kg P2O5/ha)
and P1 (20 kg P2O5/ha).
Residual effect of biofertilizer did not exert their
significant influence on seed and stover yields of succeeding summer
maize.
The highest net realization of ` 85112/ha with maximum
BCR of 1.98 was secured under treatment N3 (30 kg N/ha). In case of
different levels of phosphorus, treatment P3 (40 kg P2O5/ha) recorded
the highest net realization of worth ` 84652/ha with BCR of 1.88.
While in case of biofertilizer, the maximum net realization of `
83620/ha with BCR value of 1.95 was accrued under treatment B1
(Rhizobium + PSB).
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On the basis of two years field experimentation. It can be
concluded that greengram fertilized with nitrogen @ 20 kg/ha from
Urea, phosphorus @ 40 kg/ha from SSP at the time of sowing along
with seed inoculation of Rhizobium (AAU native isolated GG-1, Spp.
selenitroreduces) @ 5 ml/kg seed and soil application of PSB (PAB-16,
Bacillus coagulans) @ 1 L/ha gave higher production of greengram.
However, application of 30 kg N + 40 kg P2O5/ha coupled with seed
inoculation of Rhizobium @ 5 ml/kg and soil application of PSB @ 1
L/ha to preceding greengram along with 50% RDF (50 kg N + 25 kg
P2O5/ha) to succeeding summer maize gave higher yield and net
realization of greengram-maize sequence
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Keywords
agriculture, agronomy, study