Development and Evaluation of Smart Groundwater Monitoring System (SGWMS)
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Date
2021
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Water table is declining at an alarming rate of 54 cm/year in the state of Punjab. There is need for sustainable management of groundwater resources in the region. The first and foremost step in this is to measure the long term spatio-temporal changes in groundwater resources. With the advent of IoT and sensor technology real time monitoring of this resource is possible. The present study was planned to develop an IoT based Smart Groundwater Monitoring System (SGWMS) for real-time monitoring of groundwater level in an observation well. The system consists of two units‟ viz. (i) Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) and (ii) Data Transfer Unit (DTU). The DAU was responsible for the vertical movement of sensor in the well in order to detect the water level and was used to measure the depth of the groundwater according to movement of water level sensor. The DTU was used to transfer the data from the Arduino to the cloud server where the data was processed and stored for further use. These units consist of several electrical components like a DC-motor, Arduino, motor driver, relay module, water level sensor, encoder module, GSM/GPRS module 12V-5V buck converter and a pulley system. The system was designed in such a way that the readings collected were uploaded automatically to the cloud network using the GSM/GPRS technology. The groundwater depth obtained using SWGMS was compared with the groundwater depth data obtained using water level indicator. A correction function was developed to remove the bias in values obtained from SGWMS. There was insignificant variation in corrected SGWMS values in comparison to water level indicator; therefore, it was proposed to replicate the prototype for regional groundwater level monitoring.
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Tiwana, Baldeep Singh (2021). Development and Evaluation of Smart Groundwater Monitoring System (SGWMS) (Unpublished M.Tech. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.