study on biometrics population dynamics and genetic diversity of family channidae from selected stretches of river sutlej in punjab
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Date
2022
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Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of water along with biometric characteristics, population dynamics and genetic diversity of fish species under commercially important family Channidae from selected stretches of River Sutlej in Punjab. The samples were collected from three different sites (Site 1- Rupnagar, Site 2-Rail/road Bridge at Phillaur, Ludhiana and Site 3-Harike) of Sutlej River covering four different seasons i.e. winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon from November 2020 to October 2021. Fish samples were collected from the fish markets/ landing centres nearby the sampling sites. Study revealed that water quality at selected 3 spots (Rupnagar, Ludhiana and Harike) were within permissible limits for fisheries, but BOD, COD levels at Site 1 & Site 2 and ammonia (NH3) levels at Site 2 need to be monitored. C. marulius was dominant fish in catch composition (weight basis) under family Channidae (58%) followed by C. striata (37%) and C. punctata (5%) contributed significantly. Length-weight relationship established negative allometric growth pattern in all three species (C. marulius, C. striata and C. punctata); thus species became slender as it increased in length. Condition Factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) revealed fish species under Channidae family maintaining a healthy status. Truss analysis of selected species of Channidae family revealed maximum variability in C. striata and least variability in C. marulius. In C. striata and C. marulius total length varied from 23 to 56 cm and 26 to 97 cm, respectively. Asymptotic length (L∞), growth coefficient (K) and age at zero length (to) were recorded to be 63 cm, 0.77 yr-1 and 0.02 yr. in C. striata and 99.75 cm, 0.880 yr-1 and 0.013 yr in C. marulius, respectively. The growth performance indices (Ø) and longevity (tmax) value were 3.488 and 3.92 yr in C. striata; 3.941 and 3.42yr in C. marulius. The higher recruitment peaks was detected during June and July in C. striata as well as in C. marulius indicating monsoon is the breeding season for Channa species in Punjab waters. Total mortality (Z), fishing mortality (F) and natural mortality (M) were estimated to be 2.51 yr-1 , 1.27 yr-1 and 1.24 yr-1 in C. striata and 1.19 yr-1 , 1.27 yr-1 and 2.46 yr-1 in C. marulius, respectively. The L25, L50 and L75 were calculated as 23.53 cm, 27.28 cm and 31.08 cm in C. striata and 26.46 cm, 33.96 cm and 41.63 cm in C. marulius. The LC/L∞ and M/K value was calculated 0.433 & 1.61 in C. striata and 0.34 & 1.35 in C. marulius, respectively. The exploitation ratio of 0.51 in C. striata and 0.52 in C. marulius indicated that the both the stocks are overexploited. Mitochondrial COI sequence revealed that C. marulius stocks were less genetically diverse as compared to C. striata. The outcome of this study could be used to establish a baseline for the management and conservation of the Sutlej River and its fishery resources