EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) POWDER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKEN
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Date
2017-07
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College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on the performance of commercial broiler chicken. A total of one hundred and forty four (144) day-old commercial broiler chicks (Cobb 400) from a single hatch were procured. The broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups viz. T0, T1, T2 and T3 consisting of 36 number of birds in each group. Each group was further sub divided into 3 replicates consisting of 12 birds in each sub group. The chicks were wing banded and reared under deep litter system of management throughout the experimental period following standard and uniform managemantal practices. The birds under T0 group (control) were offered
basal diet without addition of turmeric powder. The birds under T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed turmeric powder at the rate of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% in the feed (on dry matter basis), respectively. For preparation of turmeric powder, raw turmeric rhizomes were procured and washed. Then these were boiled in water for 30 minutes and sun dried for 15 days after slicing into thin long pieces. The dried turmeric was ground to powdered form and stored at room temperature and used in the broiler starter and finisher feed for a period of 6 weeks. All the birds under the control and treatment groups were offered ad libitum feed and water throughout the experimental period. The birds of all the four groups were reared separately and maintained under uniform managemental condition. The following parameters were studied during the experimental period of 6 weeks: performance traits which included weekly feed intake and feed consumption, weekly body weight and body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Broiler Performance Efficiency Index (BPEI) and livability, economics of production, carcass traits like dressed weight, dressing percentage, giblet yield and relative organ weights including lymphoid organs, haematological parameters like haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), total RBC count, total WBC count and WBC differential count (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte and Lymphocyte) and blood biochemical parameters like total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, serum glucose, ALT and
Glutathione peroxidase. The total feed consumption per broiler for different experimental groups was highest in T3 group (3659.02g) and lowest in T1 group (3561.11g). The final body weight per broiler was highest in T3 group (2134.56 ± 25.82g) followed by T2 group (2049.36 ± 31.07g), T1 (1963.97 ± 39.36g) and T0 (1900.28 ± 31.27 g). The overall FCR of the entire period of the experimental groups was best in T3 group (1.71) followed by T2 (1.75), T1 (1.81) and T0 (1.88) group. Among the different xperimental groups, T3 showed the highest BPEI (124.82) followed by T2 (117.09), T1 (108.50) and T0 (101.08). The per cent livability of all the experimental groups was cent per cent (100). The cost of production per broiler including the additional cost of turmeric powder was highest in T3 (₹ 177.50) followed by T2 (₹ 174.50), T0 (₹ 172.14) and T1 (₹
172.09) group. However, gross profit per broiler was found to be highest in T3 group (₹ 35.96) followed by T2 (₹ 30.44), T1 (₹ 24.30) and T0 (₹ 17.86) group. All the carcass traits like dressed weight, dressing percentage and giblet weight except giblet yield showed non-significant (P>0.05) differences among the experimental ABSTRACT
groups. The per cent giblet yield was significantly (P≤0.05) higher in T0 group (4.96 ± 0.19) than T2 (4.34 ± 0.21) and T3 (4.25 ± 0.08) group. The per cent yield of cut-up parts
such as neck, wings, back, breast, thighs and drumsticks did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the different treatment groups. The per cent relative organ weights on dressed weight basis did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the different treatment groups of broiler chicken except the per cent weights of liver. The per cent weight of liver of the turmeric treated groups (T1, T2 and T3) were 2.21 ± 0.04, 2.03 ± 0.08 and 1.98 ± 0.08, respectively which showed significantly (P≤0.05) lower values than the control group (2.46 ± 0.09). All the lymphoid organs like spleen, thymus and Bursa of Fabricius showed non-significant (P>0.05) differences among the different experimental groups. The haematological parameter like haemoglobin, PCV, total WBC count, WBC differential count did not differ significantly (P>0.05) except total RBC count which was recorded as 2.46 ± 0.02, 2.55 ± 0.03, 2.52 ± 0.04 and 2.59 ± 0.03 million/mm3 for T0, T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively and it was found that total RBC count in the turmeric treated at the level of 0.75% showed significantly (P≤0.05) higher value as compared to the control group. Moreover, the total lymphocyte count was significantly (P≤0.05) higher in T3 (93.86 ± 0.75 thousand/mm3), T2 (93.84 ± 1.97 thousand/mm3) and T1 (91.58 ± 3.38 thousand/mm3) group as compared to T0 (82.98 ± 3.67 thousand/mm3)
group. The biochemical parameters (total serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL and ALT) except serum glucose, triglycerides and glutathione peroxidase differed significantly (P≤0.05) among the experimental groups in the current study. The total serum cholesterol was found to be significantly (P≤0.01) lower in T3 (140.97 ± 3.06 mg/dl) and T2 (148.24 ± 3.62 mg/dl) group as compared to control group T0 (158.87 ± 2.31 mg/dl). Significantly (P≤0.01) higher HDL values were recorded in T3 (119.22 ± 8.17 mg/dl) and T2 (105.68 ± 8.06 mg/dl) group as compared to T0 (82.13 ± 5.13 mg/dl) group. The LDL levels among different groups differed significantly (P≤0.05) and all the turmeric treated
groups (T3, T2 and T1) showed significantly (P≤0.05) lower values in comparison to control group (T0). The LDL level was significantly (P≤0.05) lowest in T3 (20.89 ± 8.44 mg/dl) group and highest in control group (54.39 ± 5.21 mg/dl). The ALT level was significantly (P≤0.01) lowest in T3 (19.51 ± 0.60 U/ml) and highest in control group (29.00 ± 1.94 U/ml). The various organoleptic parameters of broiler meat like colour, flavor, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the different experimental groups. Thus, it is concluded that the turmeric powder can be used effectively and economically as natural feed additive at the rate of 0.75% in commercial broiler chicken feed to improve the overall performance of the birds.
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