Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Substrate for the Cultivation of Pleurotus spp.
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Date
2018
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Pleurotus spp. can be grown on lignocellulosic materials comprised of complex cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin which need to be degraded for simple carbohydrates as nutrients for the growth of mushroom fungus. In this present study, the wheat straw and paddy straw were pre-treated with different combinations using Bacillus spp. and Delftia spp. i.e. T1-(Urea (1.0% w/w), T2-Urea (0.5% w/w), T3-Urea (0.5% w/w) + Delftia spp. (0.5% v/v), T4-Urea (0.5% w/w) + Bacillus spp. (0.5% v/v), T5-Delftia spp. (0.5% v/v), T6-Bacillus spp. (0.5% v/v), T7-Water (0.5% v/v as control)) to enhance the digestibility of straw for the maximum yield potential of Pleurotus spp. Total cellulase (1.04 U/mg and 0.43 U/mg), Cellobiohydrolase (3.16 U/mg and 2.2 U/mg), Endoglucanase(2.46 U/mg and 1.25 U/mg), Endoxylanase (1.38 U/mg and 0.96 U/mg) and Laccase activity (0.74 U/mg and 0.57 U/mg) for the Bacillus spp. and Delftia spp., respectively. No antagonistic effect of bacterial spp. was observed on the mycelial growth of P. florida and P. sajor-caju. The proximate composition of pre-treated paddy straw with T3 indicated reduction in NDF, ADF and cellulose from 78.5% to 46.7%, 56.5% to 40.1%, 35.6% to 16.1%, respectively and in wheat straw, a reduction was found from 84.6% to 65.5%, 59.8% to 39.8%, 38% to 24.4%. There was also a favourable reduction in lignin content from 9.6% to 5.1% and 12.5% to 9.6% in paddy straw and wheat straw, respectively. Treatments T1 and T2 retarded the mycelial growth of fungi. However, the growth was improved when Bacillus spp. (0.5% v/v) and Delftia spp. (0.5% v/v) were used along with Urea (0.5% w/w). Maximum yield was observed in P. florida (65.7 kg/q dry straw of mushrooms) and P. sajor-caju (61.6 kg/q dry straw of mushrooms) when wheat straw was pre-treated with T3. NFB (no./q dry straw) (5676 and 4338) were also higher compared to untreated wheat straw. The pre-treated paddy straw and wheat + paddy straw with treatment T3 also showed maximum yield in comparison to control. Thus, the use of bacterial pre-treatments along with urea has the potential to increase the degradation of the lignocellulolytic substrate for enhancing the yield potential of Pleurotus spp.
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