PREVALENCE OF ENTERIC COLIBACILLOSIS AND CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF HERBAL ANTI- DIARRHOEAL IN CALVES
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Date
2018
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Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University Jabalpur
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the prevalence of calf diarrhoea due to E. coli in and around Rewa District of MP and comparative therapeutic potential of herbal antidiarrhoeal formulation vis-a-vis standard treatment with antibiotics and parenteral/oral fluids in the treatment of diarrhoea in calves. In Phase I of the study, for calculating the prevalence of entero-colibacilosis in calves, the calves suffering with diarrhoea were screened for presence of E. coli. The microbiological samples were processed for the isolation of E. coli and isolates were identified on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The E. coli isolates obtained were sent to National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre (CRI, Kasauli, H.P., India) for serotyping on the basis of O antigen and were also subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test for determining antimicrobial sensitivity/resistance pattern. Maximum prevalence for enterocolibacillosis were recorded in the age group of 0-7 days (27%) followed by 7-15 days ( 26%) and females calves were found more susceptible to entero-colibacillosis as compared to males. Most frequently recorded serotype was O88 which was reported in 54.25% of cases, followed by O5, O35, O101, O126 and O128 each having sero-prevalance of 6.24%.Majority of the E. coli isolates showed maximum susceptibility for Ciprofloxacin (98.5 %) followed by Ceftriaxone (98%) , chloramphenicol (96.17%) , norfloxacin (95.62%) and Amikacin (93.98%).On the other hand, tetracycline, cotrimazole, cefotaxim and gentamicin expressed resistance. In the Phase II, the diarrhoeic calves were randomly divided into various groups and were assigned various treatments i.e. standard antibiotic treatment (Ciprofloxacin and tinidazole) along with IV fluid and electrolyte support (G II), along with ORS supplemented with zinc (G-III), herbal mixture consisting of bark of Kutaz/ Conessi tree (Holarrhena antidysenterica), root tuber of Nagarmotha/Mustaka/Nutgrass (Cyperus rotendus), root of Atees/Ativisha/ Indian Atees (Aconitum heterophyllum) and unripe fruit of Bael/Bilva/ Apple wood (Aegle marmelos) and administered @ 10 gm orally twice daily for five days either alone (G-IV),or along with ORS supplemented with Zn (G-V),or along with antibiotics as described above (G-VI). Significant improvements were recorded in clinical scores (Faecal consistency, depression and dehydration) as well as haemato-biochemical parameters (reduction in PCV, TLC, Neutrophil %, serum Potassium and elevation in serum Sodium and Chloride levels) of diarrheic calves, when treated with herbal mixture orally especially when combined with ORS supplemented with zinc, although statistically comparable improvements were recorded between all treatment groups and also when compared to pretreatment values. No adverse effect of any treatment in diarrhoeic calves including the herbal formulation could be noticed on liver and kidney functions.
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