Impact analysis of precipitation and groundwater behaviour in Punjab by using stochastic model technique
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Date
2022
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Agriculture in India is mostly rainfed and is greatly influenced by summer monsoon. It
contributes about 75 % of the total rainfall. The historical data of rainfall (1951-2018) and
groundwater (1998-2018) for different zones of Punjab viz. Sub-mountain undulating zone,
Undulating plain zone, Central plain zone, Western plain zone and Western zone were
collected from the Meteorological Department, New Delhi and Department of Soil & Water
Engineering, PAU, Ludhiana, respectively. The data of area and productivity of major crops
of Punjab viz. rice, wheat, maize, cotton and mustard were collected from Statistical Abstract
of Punjab. Rainfall Anomaly Index revealed that maximum dry and wet years during 19512018
has been observed in Hoshiarpur (37 years) and SAS Nagar (32 years), respectively.
The extreme rainfall events during the last 2 decades (2001-10 and 2011-18) showed
decreasing trend as compared to the previous decades (except Amritsar, Bathinda, Patiala,
SAS Nagar and Tarn Taran). Mann-kendall test exhibited the decreasing trend of rainfall in
the month of January, July, August, October and increasing trend of rainfall in the month of
February, April, May, June, September, November has been noticed in most of the districts.
Decade wise rainy days showed the decreasing trend during annual period and post monsoon
rainy days, whereas monsoon and pre monsoon rainy days presented the increasing trend
from the last few decades. The groundwater table showed significant decrease in groundwater
level depth in all the districts except Mukatsar district. Standard Groundwater Level Index
(SGI) exhibited that non drought years from 1998 to 2018 observed as highest at SAS Nagar
and drought year were highest at Kapurthala. Relationship between groundwater, area and
productivity of the major cropping system revealed that productivity of the cropping system
has been increased with the decline in water table while the area under major cropping system
have been deceased except rice-wheat cropping system.
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Citation
Arpna (2022). Impact analysis of precipitation and groundwater behaviour in Punjab by using stochastic model technique (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.