Morphological and molecular characterization of early maturing sugarcane clones (Saccharum officinarum L.)
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Date
2019
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar)
Abstract
An investigation was undertaken to identify sugarcane varieties suitable for identification of early maturing genotypes for higher sugar yield at Research Farm of Dr. R.P.C.A.U, Pusa. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications during spring season 2018.Variability, correlation, and path analysis in twelve varieties of sugarcane for twenty one different morphological and juice quality characters were studied in relation with the checks viz. CoLk94184 and CoSe95422. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for purity at 8th and 10th months and plant height at harvest and highly significant differences for all other characters studied. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for Sugar yield (CCS) at harvest (t/ha) among the early maturing clones. The highest heritability estimate was obtained for character Brix at 8th month stage (95.7%) followed by Pol in juice at 8th month stage (95.4%) and Brix at 10th month stage (95.1%). Genetic advance as percent of means was found to be highest in Sugar yield (CCS) at harvest (40.73 t/ha) followed by cane yield (38.51 t/ha), single cane weight (29.57 kg).
The character sugar yield was observed to have highest and positive genotypic correlation of sugar yield was exhibited by the character number of millable canes at harvest (0.977) followed by cane yield at harvest (0.963). However, it was negatively correlated with purity percentage at 8 months stage (-0.491), cane diameter at harvest (-0.363), number of internodes at harvest (-0.263), length of internodes at harvest (-0.081) and fibre percentage at harvest (-0.039) at genotypic level. The character sugar yield was
observed to have high significant and positive phenotypic association for the trait germination percentage at 45 DAP (0.510**) while non- significant and positive association was observed for the traits cane yield at harvest (0.955) followed by single cane weight at harvest (0.820). On the other hand, it was found that the traits cane diameter at harvest (-0.236), number of internodes at harvest (-0.151) and length of internodes at harvest (-0.099) had non-significant negative phenotypic association with sugar yield. Positive direct effect on sugar yield at phenotypic level was exerted maximally by cane yield at harvest (t/ha) followed by CCS percentage at 10 month stage and pol in juice at 10 month stage whereas at genotypic level maximum positive direct effect was observed in case of pol percentage in cane at harvest followed by single cane weight (kg) and brix percentage at 10 months. Clustering pattern showed that the genetic diversity was more important than geographical diversity. Character contribution towards divergence shows highly in extraction percentage at harvest followed CCS percentage at 10th month stage, pol percentage in cane at harvest,sugar yield (CCS) at harvest and purity at 10th month stage. Molecular characterization of the clones was done using a panel of 11 SSR primer pairs and reproducible amplification was successfully achieved with Polymorphic Information Content of the primers ranging from 0.034 to 0.778. Therefore, from this present investigation, clones CoP15436, CoP15437, CoSe15455, CoLk15467, CoLk15501 and CoSe01421 have been screened to be superior in terms of total sucrose percentage in comparison to the checks and hence can be used as donor parents for sugarcane breeding programme.
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