ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CURCUMIN AND ITS  ATTRIBUTING BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS IN TURMERIC  (Curcuma longa L.)

GAYATRI AJJADA

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CURCUMIN AND ITS ATTRIBUTING BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS IN TURMERIC (Curcuma longa L.)

Date

2018-07-29

Authors

GAYATRI AJJADA

Publisher

COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, WEST GODAVARI – 534 101

Abstract

The present investigation entitled “Association between curcumin and its attributing biochemical traits in turmeric (Curcuma long L.)” was conducted in the Lam farm, HRS,Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, during 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Augmented block design (ABD) with forty genotypes and six checks. Among the 46 accessions of turmeric studied including check varieties, the accession. The genotypes, CA-69 recorded more number of leaves, CLI-342 more number of tillers andWayanad local was tallest. Number of primary rhizomes and mother rhizomes were recorded highest in AC-94 (5.18) and NDH-4 (18.12) and high clump yield per plant in AC-94. (497.20g) while the accessions, Duggirala Red, AC-94 and IC- 181919 recorded more weight in mother, primary and secondary rhizomes per plant respectively. Highest carbohydrate content was obtained with the Mydukur (414.42 mg/g), protein content in CL-5(mg/g), PAL activity (in fresh leaves) in Prathibha (4.26 units/mg protein), PAL activity (in dry leaves) in Nagaland (0.55 units/mg protein), Total Phenols in Prathibha (3.02 mg/g), ferulic acid content is recorded high in Prathibha (3.02 mg/g), leaf curcumin 150 DAS and 180 DAS in Duggirala Red, leaf curcumin at 210 DAS in Salem. The genotype JTS-315 possessed high curcumin content in rhizomes (58.73 mg/g) and curcumin yield in CLI-342 (5.17 g/plant). The highest percentage of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for characters like PAL activity (in dry leaves), weight of primary rhizomes, curcumin yield , ferulic acid , PAL activity (in dry leaves) and number of primary rhizomes i.e., 58.51% and 58.96%, 49.99 %and 50.50%, 49.95% and 51.07%, 46.05% and 46.77%, 42.03% and 44.17%, 38.98% and 40.40% AROMATIC CROPS respectively. Selection in these characters may be effective as the environment influence on these characters is limited. High heritability was observed for all the characters have exhibited high heritability except leaf width and carbohydrate content which recorded moderate heritability. High GAM values were recorded in plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, weight of mother rhizome, number and weight of primary rhizomes, number and weight of secondary rhizomes, clump weight, protein content in leaves, PAL activity (fresh and dry), total phenolics in leaves, curcumin content in leaf at 150, 180 DAS, curcumin content and curcumin yield. The Clump weight per plant exerted a significant and positive correlation both at phenotypic and genotypic levels for all the characters studied and is significantly correlated with plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf length, number of primary rhizomes, weight of primary rhizomes, number of mother rhizomes, weight of mother rhizomes, number of secondary rhizomes. number of primary rhizomes,Curcumin yield shown positive correlation with protein, ferulic acid, leaf curcumin at 150 DAS, 180 DAS and curcumin content in rhizomes. Path coefficient analysis projected that ferulic acid content in leaves, leaf curcumin content in leaves at 180 DAS and rhizome curcumin content exerted the highest positive direct effect on curcumin yield at both levels of association. Hence, the selection for these characters was likely to bring about an overall improvement in curcumin yield per plant directly. Therefore, it is suggested that preference should be given to these characters in the selection programme to isolate superior lines with genetic potentiality for high curcumin yield in turmeric genotypes. The D2 statistic for 24 characters revealed significant contribution towards variability. The accessions were grouped into 6 clusters. Out of six clusters, cluster III was the largest comprising of 17 genotypes and cluster VI with 1 genotype ( mono-genotypic cluster),suggesting the existence of high degree of heterogeneity among the genotypes. The maximum inter-cluster distance was found in cluster V and VI (229703), followed by cluster I and V (181224).The minimum inter-cluster distance was recorded between the clusters I and II (16329). The PCA executed for 46 accessions has revealed that, among all the principal components, PC1 accounted for maximum variability (42.2%) and contributed positively to the genetic divergence. Curcumin content is more closely related to ferulic acid and leaf curcumin content at 180 DAS. Further, leaf curcumin content at all the three stages of observation is closely related. The traits, total phenolics, protein content and carbohydrate content are closely related. An interesting observation is curcumin yield per plant is closely related to ferulic acid content in leaves. The relative distance between vectors of ferulic acid and curcumin content in rhizomes is smaller than the curcumin content in leaves (at 180, 150 and 210 DAS), indicating that ferulic acid is a more reliable trait to predict curcumin content in rhizomes, followed by curcumin content at 180 DAS, 150 DAS and 210 DAS.

Description

1. To evaluate the turmeric genotypes based on biochemical traits. 2. To classify the germplasm into high, medium and low curcumin categories. 3. To assess the association between curcumin and biochemical constituents in turmeric genotypes. 4. To perform D² analysis for classifying genotypes into different clusters. 5. To carry out PCA analysis for better understanding of the variability and association.