Water productivity of subsurface drip irrigated spring maizerice-potato cropping system
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Date
2022
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present study “Water productivity of subsurface drip irrigated spring maize-rice-potato cropping system” was carried out at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during two consecutive years from October 2018 to October 2020. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three nitrogen levels {100 % of recommended (N1), 80 % of recommended (N2) and 60% of recommended (N3)} in main plots and seven irrigation regimes {six subsurface drip (at 20 cm depth) and one surface drip in sub plots}. In maize and potato, the sub surface irrigation regimes were (100% of Epan at alternate day ( I1) and two day interval (I2), 80% of Epan at alternate ( I3) and two day interval (I4), 60 % of Epan at alternate day (I5 ) and two day interval (I6) and surface drip at 80% of Epan at alternate day (I7). However, in direct seeded rice the irrigation levels were { 100 % of Epan at alternate day (I1) and two day interval (I2), 80 % of Epan at alternate day(I3) and two day interval (I4), 120 % of Epan at alternate day ( I5) and two day interval (I6) and surface drip at 1.5 times Epan (I7)}. During both years, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, grain and yield attributed in spring maize were at par with N1 and N2 but significantly higher over N3. Among irrigation levels, grain yield and yield attributes of spring maize was at par with I1 and I3 but significantly higher over all other treatments. Interaction results revealed that grain yield obtained was at par N1I1, N1I3, N1I7 and N2I3. Real water productivity (WPET) of spring maize during both the years was at par with N1I1, N1I3 and N2I3. Results revealed that decreasing irrigation level to 80% and fertilizer nitrogen to 80% under subsurface drip could be best option for obtaining higher yield and water productivity. In direct seeded rice, grain yield and yield attributes decreased significantly with decrease in nitrogen level from recommended dose (N1) during both the years. Grain yield of DSR with N1 was 11.1 and 27.7 % higher over N2 and N3 during 2019 and 10.5 and 34.2 % higher during 2020. During 2020, grain yield of rice was at par with I5 and I7. Grain yield in I7 was 10.6, 14.8, 20.2, 24.2, 3.3 and 6.2 % higher over I1, I2, I3, I4, I5 and I6. Highest WPET (0.92 and 0.96 kgm-3) was obtained with highest level of nitrogen (N1) and decreased significantly at N2 (0.83 kg m-3, 0.87 kg m-3) and at N3 (0.74 kg m-3, 0.73 kg m-3) during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Real water productivity of DSR was highest with I7, was significantly higher over all the other treatments during 2020. In Potato, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, tuber yield and yield attributes were at par with N1 and N2 but decreased significantly at N3 level. During both the years, tuber yield obtained was at par with I1, I2, I3 but significantly higher over all the other treatments. Highest WPET in potato was obtained with N1I3 treatment combination. Modelling analysis showed DSSAT-CERES -maize, DSSAT- CERES-rice, DSSAT-SUBSTOR-potato performed well in predicting grain yield of spring maize, rice and potato with R2 value 0.90, 0.86,0.95, RMSE 4.6, 3.5, 24.2 qha-1 nRMSE 6.1, 7.0, 7.5 % and NSE 0.8 ,0.6, 0.5 for spring maize, rice and potato respectively.
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Amanpreet Kaur (2022). Water productivity of subsurface drip irrigated spring maizerice-potato cropping system (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.