AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT FOR IMPROVED RICE PRODUCTIVITY UNDER SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION
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Date
2010
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Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
More than 80 % of fresh water is consumed by the agricultural
sector. Among the crops, rice consumes 50% of total water used in
agriculture & with declining per capita availability of water over the
years, there is need to enhance water productivity in rice cultivation.
System of rice intensification (SRI) offers an opportunity for reducing
demand of water in rice sector. One of the advantages of SRI (System of
Rice Intensification) is to use younger seedling and management of
weeds by conoweeder which aerates the soil and also incorporates
weeds. However, use of younger seedling is difficult due to tenderness of
the seedling as well as handling of the seedling. The cono-weeding
practice in rice is involved with drudgery and a person needs to walk 40
km to cover an area of one ha in one direction. In order to standardize
and economize conoweeding, the present investigation to evaluate the
age of seedling and weed management methods under SRI was
conducted in factorial Randomized Block Design replicated thrice with
factor- 1 (A1-10 days old seedlings, A2-15 days old seedlings), factor- 2
(weed management methods viz. W1-2 times cono-weeding at 10 & 20
DAT, W2-4 times cono-weeding at 10, 20, 30 & 40 DAT, W3-preemergence
application of Butachlor @ 1.5 kg. a.i /ha +1HW at 10 DAT,
W4- weed free(20,40,60DAT) without cono-weeding and W5- weedy
check).
Keeping this in view, an experiment entitled “Agronomic
management for improved rice productivity under System of Rice
Intensification” was carried out in Alfisol under sub-humid agro-climatic
condition at Rice Research Farm, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi (Jharkhand)
during kharif 2009. Soil of the experimental plot was sandy clay loam
with pH 6.2 having available soil N, P & K (210, 8.54 & 215 Kg/ha). Rice
hybrid - PA 6444 was transplanted at a spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm with
single seedling/hill. A fertilizer dose @ 125:80:90 kg NPK/ha (including
FYM @ 5 t/ha applied 15 days before the transplanting) was applied as
per the recommended time and methods.
Results revealed that transplanting of 10 days old seedling under
SRI recorded significantly higher vegetative growth characters of rice
hybrid PA 6444 namely plant height (89.04cm), total no. of tillers per m2
(288), dry matter accumulation in plant (1041.93 g/m2) as compared to
15 days old seedlings. Significant increase in grain yield (60.80 q/ha)
was also recorded with 10 days old seedling as compared to 15days old
seedlings (56.20 q/ha). Uptake (kg/ha) of N (131.53), P (24.31) & K
(123) by the crop was significantly higher with 10 days old seedlings as
compared to 15 days old seedlings. Yield attributing characters viz.
effective tillers/m2 (284), no. of fertile grain/panicle (158) was
significantly higher in the plots transplanted with 10 days old seedlings.
However, dry matter production of weeds did not differ significantly with
the age of seedling. Weed control efficiency higher in 10 days old
seedlings (50.13) as compared to 15 days old seedlings (49.74). However
minimum weed index was observed in 10 days old seedlings (8.29 %)
than that of 15 days old seedlings (15.23 %).
Among the weed management practices, growth characters such
as plant height (91.92 cm), total tiller/m2 (318) and dry matter
production in plant (1196.8 g/m2) and LAI (4.00) were significantly
higher with the treatment 4 times conoweeding. However, this was at par
with the treatment 2 times conoweeding except dry matter production.
Maximum yield of 64.25 q/ha was recorded with the treatments 4 times
cono-weeding which is significantly superior to rest of the treatment
except 2 times conoweeding (63.55 q/ha). Uptake (kg/ha) of N (144.42),
P (26.81) & K (136.62) by the plant was higher with the treatment having
4 times conoweeding. Minimum dry matter of weeds was recorded with
weed free check (38.75 g/m2) followed by the treatment having 4 times
cono weeding (82.75 g/m2). Weed control efficiency (%) was highest in
weed free (83.03%) followed by 4 times conoweeding (63.72%), Butachlor
application (54.38%) and 2 times conoweeding (48.55%), however
minimum weed index % was observed in 4 times conoweeding (3.09)
followed by 2 times conoweeding (4.14), weed free check (3 HW) without
conoweeding (10.41), butachlor application + 1 HW (11.91) and weedy
check (29.26).
Bacterial activity in soil was unaffected due to age of seedlings. It
was significantly higher in 4 times conoweeded plots (75 X 105 cfu/g of
soil) compared to 2 times conoweeding (69 x 105 cfu/g of soil).
Dehydrogenase activity was found non significant in both the cases.
In economics, 10 days old seedling recorded significantly higher
Gross return (57,236 Rs/ha), Net return (41,111 Rs/ha) & B: C ratio
(2.57) than that of 15 days old seedling (52,846 Rs/ha, 36,721 Rs/ha &
2.29, respectively). Among weed management methods, 4 times
conoweeding recorded maximum gross return (60,591 Rs/ha) being at
par with 2 times conoweeding (59,833 Rs/ha) & weed free check (3HW)
without conoweeding (55,906 Rs/ha) and significantly superior to other
methods. However, 2 times conoweeding recorded maximum net return
(44,336 Rs/ha) being at par with 4 times conoweeding (44,097 Rs/ha) &
Butachlor application (39,721 Rs/ha) and significantly superior to the
others. However, higher B: C ratio was found in 2 times conoweeding
(2.86) and was found significantly superior to other treatments.
Description
AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT FOR IMPROVED RICE PRODUCTIVITY UNDER SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION
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